1,721,104 research outputs found
Study of radiation damage induced by 24 GeV/c and 26 MeV protons on heavily irradiated MCz and Fz silicon detectors
No full textAncient varieties of legumes: studies on the pathogenesis related genes-nematode interactions
Full text linkThe legumes are important protein source for the human, animal and soil health.
Unfortunately these crops (e.g., chickpea), present low productivity, because of several biotic and
abiotic stresses typical of the semi-arid tropical regions where they are mainly cultivated.
Among biotic stresses, plant-parasitic nematodes have been estimated to be responsible for a
14% loss in annual yield.
Root-knot nematodes, included Meloidogyne spp., and cyst-forming nematode (Heterodera
spp.) can attack the legumes plant roots, and their symptoms are a consistent limitation in crop
production. New improved cultural management practices have been adopted, moreover studies on
the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, have been routinely use for the defense status of
plants.
PR proteins are the downstream components of SAR, being induced in response to attack by
pathogens. Host plants are able to coordinate the expression of specific PR genes in response to
infection by nematode, at the molecular level.
Interactions studies between legumes and phytoparasitic nematodes have been conducted in
order to 1) find out marker genes to detect the response induced by the nematode stress, 2) identify
and characterize the Pathogenesis Related genes in Apulian ancient varieties of legumes, 3)analyze
the expression of PR genes by means of qRT-PCR, in response to nematode infections
Use of pelleted Medicago sativa meal for the control of root-knot and cyst nematodes
No full textThe nematicidal potential of soil amendments with pelleted alfalfa meal was investigated on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato and on the cyst nematode Heterodera carotae on carrot in two field experiments in Southern Italy. Application of 20 and 40 t ha-1 alfalfa pellets was compared with 30 L ha-1 quillay formulation and 30 L ha-1 emulsifiable phenamiphos, whereas nontreated soil was used as a control. Alfalfa pellets strongly suppressed soil population density of M. incognita and H. carotae compared to nontreated soil, with no significant difference from phenamiphos. Nematode infestation was significantly lower at the highest pellet dosage in the trial M. incognita, whereas no difference between the suppressivity of the two amendment rates was found on H. carotae. Both dosages of alfalfa pellets remarkably increased tomato and carrot yield and improved carrot tap root quality compared to nontreated soil and quillay extract treatment, but significantly less than phenamiphos. Based on the results from these experiments, soil amendments with pelleted alfalfa meal seems to represent a further valuable tool for a sustainable control of phytonematodes, also due to technical feasibility and positive effects on soil fertility
Control of carrot root-knot and cyst nematodes by biofumigating treatments. Proceedings of Third International Biofumigation Symposium • Canberra, Australia 2008 p.50
No full text
Nematicidal activity of essential oils from aromatic plants of Morocco
No full textAbstract Essential oils (EOs) from Moroccan ecotypes of
Artemisia herba-alba, Citrus sinensis, Rosmarinus officinalis
and Thymus satureioides and their main components
were comparatively evaluated for their in vitro activity
against the phytonematode species Meloidogyne incognita,
Pratylenchus vulnus and Xiphinema index. Suppressiveness
of drench or fumigation soil treatment with the four EOs was
also investigated against M. incognita on tomato in potting
mixes. The in vitro nematicidal activity of the main constituents
of the four EOs was also determined. More than
94 % mortality of M. incognita juveniles occurred after a
24-h exposure to a 15 lg ml-1 solution of A. herba-alba
EO. A 100 % mortality of X. index females was observed at
all exposure times and concentrations of all EOs except that
from C. sinensis. Mortality of P. vulnus peaked at 75 %only
after a 96-h permanence in the 15 lg ml-1 solution of R.
officinalis EO. The in vitro activity of EOs’ main components
was never as high as that of the whole EOs, suggesting
a synergistic action of the EO multicomponent mixture. Soil
treatments with the four EOs generally resulted in a significant
reduction of root-knot nematode infestation on tomato,though in an aggregate comparison of data the A. herba-alba
EO was more active than the other three EOs, and fumigation
treatments were more effective than application in water
solution. The high nematicidal activity of most of the tested
EOs and their large availability make them a potential source
of new nematicide formulations
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