220 research outputs found
16S sequencing and functional analysis of the fecal microbiome during treatment of newly diagnosed pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
No full textJJA is funded by a National Institute of Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship and has received an Action Medical Research training fellowship. TC is funded by a Crohn’s in Childhood research association fellowship. CMC received a PhD studentship from SULSA Spirit industrial studentship. The NGS analysis was made possible by the award of a grant from the Source Bioscience 110th year anniversary promotion to CMC. The Rowett Institute receives funding from the Scottish Government (RESAS).Peer reviewe
Jüri Okas’ ‘specific objects’: diverging discourses in Estonian Art in the 1970s.
No full textPreviously in the University eprints HAIRST pilot service at http://eprints.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/00000367/Article 3 of 6 in issue devoted to the visual culture of the Scandinavian and Baltic region.This article will look at the early works of Estonian architect and artist Jüri Okas and will try to work between diverging languages and interpretations, reading works by Okas against the background of Anglo-american conceptualism and minimalism of the same period. The first part of the paper will analyse a print by Jüri Okas that paraphrases works by the American artist Donald Judd and will try to show how Okas’ concept of minimalism differed from the Western one and the reasons behind it. The second part of the paper will focus on a conceptual book by Jüri Okas, consisting of a series of photographs of everyday and banal architectural objects, and compare it to Rober Venturi’s book on Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. Finally, a comparison will be made with works of Robert Smithson in the context of concepts of waste, excess and the remainders of industrial civilisationPostprin
Bentham on Preventive Police: The Calendar of Delinquency in Evaluation of Policy and the Police Gazette in Manipulation of Opinion
No full textIn 1798–1799 Bentham lent his services to Patrick Colquhoun in drafting Bills to regularize the new Thames Police Office and to establish a Central Board of Police. While recognizing Colquhoun as the ‘author of the system’, Bentham brought his own utilitarian philosophy to bear on the task, and his arguments shed light on the twin role of licensing in both providing the finance necessary for an expansion of police, and in generating a flow of information for use in deterring, detecting and apprehending criminals. The Police Gazette and the Calendar of Delinquency were to be official publications of the proposed Board of Police, which combined the promulgation of information (thus increasing public knowledge through the understanding) with the effort to mould public opinion (thus influencing the will). Dissemination of facts provided grist to the existing moral sanction’s mill, and facilitated co-operation between the people and the agents of penal law. In reaction to anxiety about contagion from revolutionary France, Bentham also explicitly seeks to guide and direct public opinion, thus connecting his police writings directly with the esoteric elements of indirect legislation
Clinically Relevant Growth Conditions Alter Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Susceptibility and Promote Identification of Novel Antibacterial Agents.
No full textBiological processes that govern bacterial proliferation and survival in the host-environment(s) are likely to be vastly different from those that are required for viability in nutrient-rich laboratory media. Consequently, growth-based antimicrobial screens performed in conditions modeling aspects of bacterial disease states have the potential to identify new classes of antimicrobials that would be missed by screens performed in conventional laboratory media. Accordingly, we performed screens of the Selleck library of 853 FDA approved drugs for agents that exhibit antimicrobial activity toward the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii during growth in human serum, lung surfactant, and/or the organism in the biofilm state and compared those results to that of conventional laboratory medium. Results revealed that a total of 90 compounds representing 73 antibiotics and 17 agents that were developed for alternative therapeutic indications displayed antimicrobial properties toward the test strain in at least one screening condition. Of the active library antibiotics only four agents, rifampin, rifaximin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, exhibited antimicrobial activity toward the organism during all screening conditions, whereas the remainder were inactive in ≥ 1 condition; 56 antibiotics were inactive during serum growth, 25 and 38 were inactive toward lung surfactant grown and biofilm-associated cells, respectively, suggesting that subsets of antibiotics may outperform others in differing infection settings. Moreover, 9 antibiotics that are predominantly used for the treatment Gram-positive pathogens and 10 non-antibiotics lacked detectable antimicrobial activity toward A. baumannii grown in conventional medium but were active during ≥ 1 alternative growth condition(s). Such agents may represent promising anti-Acinetobacter agents that would have likely been overlooked by antimicrobial whole cell screening assays performed in traditional laboratory screening media
Sulfonamidoboronic Acids as “Cross-Class” Inhibitors of an Expanded-Spectrum Class C Cephalosporinase, ADC-33, and a Class D Carbapenemase, OXA-24/40: Strategic Compound Design to Combat Resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
No full textAcinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative organism listed as an urgent threat pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB), especially, present therapeutic challenges due to complex mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams. One of the most important mechanisms is the production of β-lactamase enzymes capable of hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics. Co-expression of multiple classes of β-lactamases is present in CRAB; therefore, the design and synthesis of “cross-class” inhibitors is an important strategy to preserve the efficacy of currently available antibiotics. To identify new, nonclassical β-lactamase inhibitors, we previously identified a sulfonamidomethaneboronic acid CR167 active against Acinetobacter-derived class C β-lactamases (ADC-7). The compound demonstrated affinity for ADC-7 with a Ki = 160 nM and proved to be able to decrease MIC values of ceftazidime and cefotaxime in different bacterial strains. Herein, we describe the activity of CR167 against other β-lactamases in A. baumannii: the cefepime-hydrolysing class C extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESAC) ADC-33 and the carbapenem-hydrolyzing OXA-24/40 (class D). These investigations demonstrate CR167 as a valuable cross-class (C and D) inhibitor, and the paper describes our attempts to further improve its activity. Five chiral analogues of CR167 were rationally designed and synthesized. The structures of OXA-24/40 and ADC-33 in complex with CR167 and select chiral analogues were obtained. The structure activity relationships (SARs) are highlighted, offering insights into the main determinants for cross-class C/D inhibitors and impetus for novel drug design
The efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in Scotland, 2002-2006
No full textInfestations of the parasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis, commonly referred to as sea lice, represent a major challenge to commercial salmon aquaculture. Dependence on a limited number of theraputants to control such infestations has led to concerns of reduced sensitivity in some sea lice populations. This study investigates trends in the efficacy of the in-feed treatment emamectin benzoate in Scotland, the active ingredient most widely used across all salmon producing regions. Study data were drawn from over 50 commercial Atlantic salmon farms on the west coast of Scotland between 2002 and 2006. An epi-informatics approach was adopted whereby available farm records, descriptive epidemiological summaries and statistical linear modelling methods were used to identify factors that significantly affect sea lice abundance following treatment with emamectin benzoate (SLICEH, Schering Plough Animal Health). The results show that although sea lice infestations are reduced following the application of emamectin benzoate, not all treatments are effective. Specifically there is evidence of variation across geographical regions and a reduction in efficacy over time. Reduced sensitivity and potential resistance to currently available medicines are constant threats to maintaining control of sea lice populations on Atlantic salmon farms. There is a need for on-going monitoring of emamectin benzoate treatment efficacy together with reasons for any apparent reduction in performance. In addition, strategic rotation of medicines should be encouraged and empirical evidence for the benefit of such strategies more fully evaluated
James Bond: international man of gastronomy
No full textThis article is concerned with the representation of food and drink in Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels. In particular, it examines how the author uses Bond’s culinary knowledge and habits of consumption as an important constituent of his hero’s character. Similarly, the food choices of other characters, notably villains, are shown to be linked, by Fleming, to core aspects of their identity − principally their ethnicity. Bond’s impulse to observe and classify, very much in evidence in the novels’ food sequences, is examined in terms of the texts’ construction of Bond as a skilled identifier of signs
El INAH y la socialización de los valores del patrimonio en sitios arqueológicos: un breve repaso histórico. 58 Tercera época (2014) abril-julio. Gaceta de Museos. INAH: 75 años. Instantes en la memoria
No full textColquhoun, Fiona, Interpretation Handbook and Standard: Distilling the Essence, Wellington, Department of Conservation, 2005.Gándara, Manuel, “De la interpretación temática a la divulgación significativa: un recuento personal de la breve historia de la interpretación del patrimonio arqueológico en México”, en La interpretación del patrimonio arqueológico en México, México, ENCRyM-INAH, s. f._____, “Valores, significados y usos del patrimonio arqueológico: una propuesta”, en Lilia Ribero y Ricardo Morales (eds.), II taller internacional de cubiertas arquitectónicas en contextos arqueológicos, México, INAH/Banamex/WMF/FHSL, en prensa._____, “La interpretación temática y la conservación del patrimonio cultural”, en Eyra Cárdenas (ed.), Memoria. 60 años de la enah, México, ENAH-INAH, 2000.____, “La interpretación temática: una aproximación antropológica”, en Helodia Hernández de León y Victoria Quintero (eds.), Antropología y patrimonio: investigación, documentación e intervención, Sevilla, Junta de Andalucía/Coma-res (Cuadernos técnicos, 7), 2003, pp. 110–124.Ham, Sam, Interpretación ambiental: una guía práctica para gente con grandes ideas y presupuestos pequeños, Golden, North American Press, 1992.Jiménez, María Antonieta, “La vinculación social en arqueología. Una propuesta para el proyecto arqueológico Palacio de Ocomo”, tesis de doctora-do en antropología, México, UNAM, 2012.Knudson, Douglas M., Ted T. Cable y Larry Beck, Interpretation of Cultural and Natural Resources, Sta-te College, Venture Pub, 1995.Mosco, Alejandra, “Metodología interpretativa para la formulación y desarrollo de guiones para exposiciones”, tesis de maestría en museología, México, ENCRyM, 2012.Sugawara, Mariana, “El proyecto de señalización de zonas arqueológicas DOS-INAH: apuntes para una revisión histórica”, en La interpretación del patrimonio arqueológico en México, México, ENCRyM-INAH, en prensa
Physical comorbidities of post-traumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam War veterans
No full textObjective: To determine whether the prevalence of physical comorbidities in Australian Vietnam War veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is higher than in trauma-exposed veterans without PTSD
The Impact of Connectivity and Through-Movement within Residential Developments on Levels of Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour
No full textThis briefing note focuses upon the impact of levels of connectivity and through-movement (within residential housing developments) on levels of crime and anti-social behaviour (ASB). The note is one of a series of themed papers which reports the findings from a collaborative project funded by the Home Office and managed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE). The project set out to strengthen and update the evidence base on the impact of residential design on a range of crime types – with a specific focus on housing developments acclaimed for their innovative design and award winning architecture. It should be highlighted that although this briefing note is designed as a summary document, the findings and recommendations are based upon a seven month project conducted by a consortium of universities including experts within the field of designing out crime, statistical modelling, urban design and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The project was overseen by an expert Steering Group who ensured that the research was conducted to the required standards in terms of independence and methodological rigour
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