635 research outputs found
Emma H. Palmer to Eliza J.W. Armitage
No full textLetter to Eliza J.W. Armitage regarding Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati
“Why my house?” – Exploring the influence of residential housing design on burglar decision making.
No full textCrime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) has been defined (and redefined) by, amongst others, Crowe (2000), Ekblom (2011) and Armitage (2013). The principles upon which it is based also vary considerably with Poyner (1983) presenting five (surveillance, movement control, activity support and motivational reinforcement), Cozens et al. (2005) presenting seven (defensible space, access control, territoriality, surveillance, target hardening, image and activity support), and Armitage (2013) offering yet another combination of the five principles (physical security, surveillance, movement control, management and maintenance and defensible space). This divergence is not purely a matter of semantics – although this issue is important when transferring policy and practice internationally. The principles upon which CPTED are based have been used to inform planning policy and guidance and also to develop practical applications such as the UK’s Secured by Design scheme. Conscious that these principles have primarily been developed by academics, police and policy-makers and that they have failed to evolve with developments in housing design, security measures, drug use and ultimately offender modus operandi, this chapter aims to help rectify the imbalance. A sample of twenty-two incarcerated prolific burglars were asked to discuss what they perceived to be the risk and protective factors of sixteen images of residential housing. Interviews were unstructured and participants were encouraged to describe the images in their own words. Whilst confirming the importance of a selection of CPTED principles, the findings cast doubt on the importance of others – with obvious practice and policy implications
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) and retail crime: Exploring offender perspectives on risk and protective factors in the design and layout of retail environments.
No full textThere is little doubt that the design of the built environment influences offender decision-making. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a crime reduction approach that aims to prevent crime though the design (pre-build) or manipulation (post-build) of the built environment. CPTED is based upon a set of principles that include movement control, surveillance, defensible space and physical security, and research (see Armitage, 2013 for overview) has demonstrated the effectiveness of CPTED in reducing crimes such as burglary within the residential environment. This research explores the extent to which CPTED (and other design related) measures can be used to reduce shoplifting within a retail environment – namely two major supermarket chains in England. The results reveal that the principles of CPTED are relevant within the retail environment and that offenders are deterred by these features, in particular, where these principles result in an immediate (as opposed to delayed) detection or apprehension. Whilst the research is conducted in supermarkets within England, the conclusions are internationally relevant and can be transferred to many different retail environments
Gang Member: Who Says? Definitional and Structural Issues
No full textOwing to a number of high profile shootings in the UK over the past decade, there has been a significant amount of media and political interest in youth gangs. This chapter reports on a study conducted in 2009 in a large city in the North of England. It discusses the structure and formation of gangs in this city from the view of the young people identified as gang members and those responsible for this identification, i.e. police officers. Findings demonstrated that few of the young people viewed themselves as belonging to a gang, indeed many were scathing of such an attribution, contesting its applicability. A more accurate description of these young people is of a rather loose and fluid interlinked but informal social network of friends and associates. There was evidence that the authorities’ labeling of some young people as gang members and adoption and use of gang names attributed coherence and identity to what was often only fluid and transitional youth group formations. This may have created the very circumstances it sought to challenge
#1 QUB in Conversation with ... Prof Armitage, Harvard University
No full textQueen's University Belfast in Conversation with Podcast series Episode 1Prof Richard English of QUB talks to Prof. David Armitage. As well as the author of 18 books, he is the Lloyd C. Blankfein Professor of History and former Chair of the Department of History at Harvard University, where he teaches intellectual history and international history. He is also an Affiliated Professor in the Harvard Department of Government, an Affiliated Faculty Member at Harvard Law School, an Honorary Fellow of St Catharine's College, Cambridge, an Honorary Professor of History at the University of Sydney and an Honorary Professor of History at Queen's University Belfast. During the academic year 2019-20, he also holds the Sons of the American Revolution Visiting Professorship at King's College London
#1 QUB in Conversation with ... Prof Armitage, Harvard University
No full textQueen's University Belfast in Conversation with Podcast series Episode 1Prof Richard English of QUB talks to Prof. David Armitage. As well as the author of 18 books, he is the Lloyd C. Blankfein Professor of History and former Chair of the Department of History at Harvard University, where he teaches intellectual history and international history. He is also an Affiliated Professor in the Harvard Department of Government, an Affiliated Faculty Member at Harvard Law School, an Honorary Fellow of St Catharine's College, Cambridge, an Honorary Professor of History at the University of Sydney and an Honorary Professor of History at Queen's University Belfast. During the academic year 2019-20, he also holds the Sons of the American Revolution Visiting Professorship at King's College London
Zumatrichia hazelae Harris and Armitage 2019, new species
No full textZumatrichia hazelae Harris and Armitage, new species Fig. 25 Diagnosis. Zumatrichia hazelae is placed in the galtena group of Flint (1970) based on the presence of a basodorsal process from the inferior appendages similar to that of Z. kerekeda Olah and Flint and Z. kisgula Olah and Flint. However, unlike these two species, Z. hazelae has the basal portion of the inferior appendage short and ovate, similar to that seen in Z. teribe Harris and Armitage. Male. Length 2.7–2.9 mm. Head without modification, a broken with enlarged scape bearing large circular process, body and unmodified wings brown in alcohol. Abdominal segment VII annular with serrate posteroventral mesal process. Segment VIII in lateral view truncate posteroventrally, tapering dorsally; in dorsal view narrow, emarginated posterolaterally; ventrally with narrow mesal incision on posterior margin. Segment IX generally square in lateral view, narrowing anteriorly, posterior margin with thin lobe, laterally with elongate setal-bearing process; dorsally emarginate anteriorly and posteriorly, posterior margins sclerotized. Segment X rectanguloid in lateral aspect; in dorsal view square, with posterior margin tapered. Inferior appendages with elongate, thin basodorsal process, subapically with setal-bearing dorsal lobe, main body an enlarged lobe, which in ventral view is deeply incised posteriorly with numerous setae on margin. Penile sheath with subapical point in lateral view; phallus with medial ring-like process, apically enlarged and platelike, internally with elongate dorsal spine and numerous anterobasal spines; in dorsal aspect, a pair of deeply divided mesal spines, two pair of posterior spines, one mesal, one lateral. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype, male— Panama, Bocas del Toro Province, tributary of Quebrada Rambala, Rambala Jungle Lodge, 3.7 km SSE Rambala, 8.91627°N and 82.15469°W, 134 m, November 29, 2014, E. Carlson. Paratype. ibid., 1 male (SCH). Etymology. Named for the mother of the first author, Hazel I. Harris, in honor of her 90 th birthday.Published as part of Harris, Steven C. & Armitage, Brian J., 2019, The Trichoptera of Panama X. The Quebrada Rambala drainage, with description of 19 new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), pp. 1-54 in Insecta Mundi 707 (707) on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.367349
Burglars’ Take on Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED): Reconsidering the Relevance from an Offender Perspective
No full textCrime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) represents a multi-faceted approach to crime reduction that draws upon theories from urban design, psychology and criminology. Yet there remains a lack of clarity regarding CPTED’s definition and scope. CPTED has been defined by, amongst others Crowe (2000), Ekblom (2011) and Armitage (2013), and the principles upon which it is based have seen even greater discrepancy. Conscious that these principles have primarily been defined by academics and policy-makers, this research aims to rectify this imbalance. A sample of twenty-two incarcerated prolific burglars from three prisons (England), were asked to describe their response to sixteen images of residential housing. The results confirm that the design of residential housing influences burglar decision making, but that the principles of CPTED should be re-examined, with surveillance, and physical security a clear deterrent, yet management and maintenance and defensible space not considered as important in offender decision making
MANOVA modelling of a chiropractic longitudinal study using multiple imputation
No full textThe purpose of this report is to present the detailed statistical analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial comparing two different treatment modalities to an intervention of no known benefit for people with acute or subacute thoracic spine pain.
The therapy arms consist of Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) and Graston Technique (GT) and the placebo is a non-functional ultrasound. A placebo group was utilised because at present there are no proven treatments for non-specific thoracic pain. This trial is registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Ethics approval has been granted by Murdoch University Human Research and Ethics Committee, number 2007/274.
The aim of this three arm trial was to test the efficacy of SMT and GT as independent modalities compared to detuned ultrasound for the outcomes of pain and disability. The latter were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a modified Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index. The study was conducted at the Murdoch University Chiropractic student clinic in Perth, Australia, and the protocol published in Crothers et al (2008).
In this report, Section 2 provides an initial exploratory analysis of the data, Section 3 outlines the statistical models used in the final analysis, Section 4 defines these models in mathematical terms, Section 5 discusses the management of missing values via multiple imputation and Section 6 presents the results of the statistical modelling and hypothesis tests. The clinical study will be published in full elsewhere
Scanning tunnelling microscopy of magnetic van der Waals materials
No full textUnderstanding the properties of materials is essential for control of their behaviour for future applications. Devices based on two-dimensional van der Waals materials have wide-ranging technological possibilities, from computer components to light-emitting diodes and sensors. Over the last twenty years, these potential applications have begun to be explored experimentally, and a variety of materials have been studied in monolayer form, including semiconductors, superconductors and, more recently, magnetic materials. These are necessary for realising spintronic devices, which would offer higher performance and lower energy loss than existing charge-based technologies. However, two-dimensional materials are currently far less well understood than silicon, the principal material in modern electronic devices. For a complete understanding of their behaviour, investigation using a range of experimental and theoretical techniques is necessary.
In this thesis I present the setup of an ultra-high vacuum scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), compatible with molecular beam epitaxy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy facilities, and capable of measuring the structural and electronic properties of monolayer samples at low temperature. This STM is used to study thin film samples of the magnetic materials chromium selenide and chromium telluride. The results are compared with theoretical calculations of the electronic structure and simulated scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) images. I also present STM measurements of bulk Fe₃GeTe₂, investigating its electronic and magnetic properties. For these materials I show how experimental and theoretical methods can be combined to determine crystal structures, interpret electron scattering patterns and investigate the effects of magnetic order and electron correlations on the band structure. I also explore applications of machine learning in the analysis of STM images, using convolutional neural networks to detect features on the surfaces of PdCrO₂ and sulphur-doped FeSe. The demonstration of the application of these techniques to study the properties of two-dimensional materials provides the methods for future investigations
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