177,035 research outputs found
Use of systolic pressure variation to predict the cardiovascular response to mini-fluid challenge in anaesthetised dogs
No full textSystolic pressure variation (SPV), the maximum variation in systolic pressure values following a single positive pressure breath delivered by controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), is highly correlated with volaemia in dogs. The aim of this study was to determine an SPV value that would indicate when fluid administration would be beneficial in clinical practice. Twenty-six client-owned dogs were anaesthetised, following which CMV with a peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) of 8 cmH2O was applied. After SPV measurement and recording of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), 3 mL/kg fluid were administered, then HR and BP were recorded again. Dogs exhibiting a 10% decrease in HR and/or an increase in BP were defined as responders, and their SPV pre-bolus was analysed retrospectively. SPV values > 4 mmHg or >4.5% predicted haemodynamic improvement in dogs with normal cardiovascular function, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 87%. The area under the curve receiver operating characteristic value for SPV was 0.931 mmHg (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.76-0.99 mmHg) and 0.944% (95% CI 0.78-0.99%). It is proposed that SPV values > 4.5% in dogs with a normal cardiovascular function, anaesthetised with isoflurane in oxygen and air, and on CMV (PIP 8 cmH2O), can be used to predict a cardiovascular response (>10% increase in mean arterial BP and/or >10% decrease in heart rate)
Correlation of the ratio of caudal vena cava and aorta diameter (CVC/Ao) with systolic pressure variation (SPV) in anaesthetized dogs.
No full textRespiratory variation in aortic blood peak velocity and caudal vena cava diameter can predict fluid responsiveness in anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated dogs
No full textBACKGROUND AND M&MS:
Dynamic preload indices, such as systolic pressure variation (SPV), aortic flow peak velocity variation (ΔVpeak) and distensibility index of the caudal vena cava (CVCDI), are reliable indices for predicting fluid responsiveness in humans. This study aimed to investigate the ability of these indices to predict fluid response in 24 healthy dogs undergoing general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Aortic flow peak velocity variation (∆Vpeak), CVCDI, and SPV were calculated before volume expansion (5mL/kg bolus of lactated Ringer's solution). The aortic velocity time integral (VTI) was measured before and after volume expansion as a surrogate of stroke volume. Dogs were considered responders (n=9) when the VTI increase was ≥15% and non-responders (n=15) when the increase was <15%.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
Before volume expansion, ΔVpeak, CVCDI and SPV were higher in responders than in non-responders (P=0.0009, P=0.0003, and P=0.0271, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the three indices. The areas under the ROC curves for SPV, ΔVpeak, and CVCDI were 0.91 (CI 0.73-0.99; P=0.0001), 0.95 (CI 0.77-1; P=0.0001), and 0.78 (CI 0.56-0.92; P=0.015), respectively. The best cut-offs were 6.7% for SPV (sensitivity, 77.78%; specificity, 93.33%), 9.4% for ΔVpeak (sensitivity, 88.89%; specificity, 100%), and 24% for CVCDI (sensitivity, 77.78%; specificity, 73.33). In conclusion, ΔVpeak, CVCDI, and SPV are reliable predictors of fluid responsiveness in healthy dogs undergoing general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation
Propofol Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) for assessment of laryngeal function in dogs: a preliminary investigation
No full textIntroduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the use of propofol
TCI for visual examination of arytenoid motion in dogs.
Materials and methods: Seven ASA I-II dogs scheduled for examination of
laryngeal function were enrolled in a prospective study. Acepromazine
(0.02mgkg1) and morphine (0.15mgkg1) were administered intramuscularly
60minutes prior to induction. Cardiorespiratory monitoring and flowby
oxygen (0.2Lkg1 min1) were started before induction. Anesthesia was
induced with propofol using a TCI system. A 3.1mcgmL1 plasma target
was achieved, Loss-Of-Righting-Reflex (LORR) was assessed, and individual
predicted ES concentration at LORR was recorded. After induction the
individual ES concentration at LORR was targeted, and the target increased
or decreased by 0.2mcgmL1 steps until laryngoscopy was impossible or
arytenoid motion disappeared. The median (range) ES concentration at
LORR and at ‘best arytenoid motion’ were calculated.
Results: Five males and 2 females, 48 (12–72) months old, weighing 17.7
(5.4–28) kg entered the study. The median (range) propofol ES concentration
was 1.65 (1.60–2.59)mcgmL1 at LORR, and 2.1 (1.4–2.8)mcgmL1 at ‘best
arytenoid motion’. Two dogs were diagnosed with bilateral laryngeal paralysis
and elongated soft palate, respectively. Although all dogs had some spontaneous
movements of the tongue and jaw, and held their breath intermittently in
response to laryngoscopy, on no occasion there was any risk of trauma to the
examiner, the dog or the equipment. At the propofol concentration providing
the best assessment no dogs lifted the head or showed a transient Return-Of-
Righting-Reflex (RORR) after end of assessment. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation
exceeded 94%in all dogs. Heart rate lower than 60 beats-per-minute and
Mean Arterial Pressure lower than 60mmHg were not detected.
Conclusions: Propofol ES-TCI represents a useful tool for visual examination
of arytenoid motion in dogs. It provides a stable anesthetic depth,
and can be titrated according to individual response. Required propofol ES
concentration seems to be higher for laryngeal assessment than for LOR
A retrospective study of efficacy and side effects of intrathecal administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine and morphine solution in 39 dogs undergoing hind limb orthopaedic surgery.
No full textObjective To evaluate the intraoperative efficacy of intrathecal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and morphine 1% solution (HIA) in dogs undergoing hind limb orthopaedic surgery, using the cardiovascular response to surgical stimulation and to report the perioperative side effects. Study design Retrospective clinical study. Animals Forty-three dogs that underwent general anaesthesia for hind limb orthopaedic surgery between 2010 and 2011. Methods The anaesthesia records of dogs that received HIA were reviewed. The bupivacaine and morphine doses were calculated based on body mass (BM) and spinal cord length (SCL). Cardiovascular response (CR) to surgical stimulation, the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, urinary retention, pruritus and offset of motor block were all reported. The intraoperative time-to-event probability of CR was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results The median (range) bupivacaine dose related to BM was 0.57 (0.40-0.78) mg kg(-1) , while that related to SCL was 0.13 (0.08-0.19) mg cm(-1) . A CR was observed in 3/39 (8%) dogs within the first hour after intrathecal injection (Ii) and in 9/39 (23%) dogs over the entire duration of surgery. At 70 minutes from Ii the event-free probability of CR fell below 80%. Hypotension was observed in 12/39 (31%), bradycardia in 6/39 (15%), pruritus in 3/39 (8%), and urinary retention in 3/39 (8%) dogs respectively. Five hours after Ii, 35/39 (89%) dogs were able to walk with only residual ataxia. Conclusions and clinical relevance Intrathecal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and morphine 1% solution provided effective intraoperative antinociception up to 70 minutes in dogs undergoing hind limb surgery. The technique of HIA can provide effective analgesia during short hind limb surgeries in dogs
On some deaths potentially associated with the use of propofol [Su alcuni decessi potenzialmente associabili all'uso di propofol]
No full textThis article discusses the adverse effects of propofol after surgery that lead to the death of healthy dogs from Italy. The occurrence of blood diarrhoea, establishment of rapid, but not immediate symptoms and constant use of propofol are highlighte
Tuberculosis and cattle breeding : the case of an Egyptian milker
No full textOccupational health in breeding activities is strongly embedded with animal health. Tuberculosis (TB) – known for its critical progress and for the long duration of the drug treatment – has the specificity of a bi-directional infectious potential. Tuberculosis is still endemic in Africa, Asia and Balkan Area. Among these, the most risky regions for the disease are North Africa and India. In the Italian agricultural system, about 37000 migrants are legally employed, most of them in seasonal activities (e.g.: harvesting) but if we consider Northern Italy, we can easily find a significant presence of foreign workers also in animal breeding. In our experience, we have observed that people from India and North Africa are often involved in cattle breeding. Case-report This case report deals with a worker from Aegypt, employed as milker in an Italian enterprise since 1990. The worker, a 51 years old man, affected by chronic HCV, showed suddenly symptoms and signs suggesting lung TB (cough, haemoptysis, weight loss and thoracic pain). A diagnosis of lung TB was made in the past and the worker underwent a multidrug therapy. A re-activation of a silent lung TB due to the immunodepression linked to the chronic liver disease or to a new infection have been inquired with questionnaire. The diagnostic approach performed included BK search in the sputum, lung X-ray, Mantoux test, pulmonary evaluation. The worker was held temporarily not suitable for work. Consequences Preventive measures provide to perform Mantoux test to all milker’s colleagues and to perform tuberculin test to all animals reared. The occupational risk of TB to cattle breeders is discussed in light of bovine TB cases in Lombardy Region
Stillborn or liveborn? Comparing umbilical cord immunohistochemical expression of vitality markers (tryptase, α1-antichymotrypsin and CD68) by quantitative analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy
No full textThe distinction between stillborn and liveborn infants and the demonstration of a separate existence of fetuses are central issues in the daily practice of perinatologists and pathologists. The current knowledge about the chronology of responses of the tissue following the occurrence of a vital reaction, as well as the existence of numerous studies that aimed at identifying markers of vitality of cutaneous lesions, induced us to investigate the umbilical cord for the presence or absence of vitality indexes. We investigated 45 samples of umbilical cords obtained during post-mortem examinations of stillborns, as well as samples of umbilical cords taken from newborns after normal labor. On these samples, we performed a complete immunohistochemical study. Our results showed that some of the parameters investigated, such as tryptase for the mast cell, CD68, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, showed a statistically significant (po0.0001) different expression in the two groups under study (stillborn and liveborn). Owing to the strong different expression of these markers in the samples of the umbilical cords from liveborns, compared to those from stillborns, one might regard them as reliable parameters, to which the pathologist may resort whenever he is dealing with the distinction between stillborns and liveborns
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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