14 research outputs found
Do Small Pecuniary Incentives Motivate Residential Peak Energy Reductions? Experimental Evidence
No full textDifferential and Distributional Effects of Energy Efficiency Surveys: Evidence from Electricity Consumption
Get PDFOur research investigates the magnitude of the effect of residential energy efficiency audit programs on later household electricity consumption. These programs are designed to increase awareness of household energy consumption with personalized feedback that will eventually lead to behavioral changes. In this type of survey, there is only a one-time interaction between households, which participate voluntarily, and the surveyors. The objective of this study is to determine whether and to what extent such surveys lead to behavioral changes. We argue that the perceived complexity of the survey feedback will determine whether the subsequent behavior is sustainable. Then we analyze how persistent the intervention is over time and whether the effects decay or intensify. However, the main evaluation problem involving these surveys is self-selection bias. To correct for this bias, we propose two non-parametric estimators by using a kernel-based propensity score matching approach. In the first method, we use "difference-indifferences" (DID) estimations. The second estimator is quantile DID, which produces estimates on distributions. The comparison group consists of households who were not yet participating in the survey but participated later. The evidence suggest that the customers who participated in the survey reduced their electricity consumption by 6.7%, compared with customers who had not yet participated in the survey. In addition, as the quantiles of the distribution increase, the effect of the program decreases
Susceptibility to Inattention: Unpacking Who is Susceptible to Inattention in Energy‐Based Electronic Billing
No full textIn this paper, we examine characteristics that may change the susceptibility to inattention in electronic billing (e-billing). Digitization of energy bills can increase the delivery of energy feedback and increase knowledge around conservation efforts, only when attention remains at similar levels to that of paper bills. We hypothesize that only subsets of the population are susceptible to inattention in e-billing. We do this by estimating energy consumption for e-bill and paper billers controlling for several characteristics of participants, homes, and weather in the City of Tallahassee, Florida. We use a difference-in-differences (DD) approach to estimate the effects of the e-bill participation, which is a common approach for observational and quasi-experimental settings. We find that budget constraints limit an individual's susceptibility to inattention in e-billing, with lower income groups decreasing energy consumption on average by 4.4% but has no effect on higher income groups. This suggests that inattention may not occur at the same levels or for the same reasons for all members of the public. This has implications regarding the practice of policy design and communication strategies for the public at large
INFLUENCE OF TOXIC MICROELEMENTS ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGROLANDSCAPES OF THE SHIRVAN LOWLAND
No full textTahran Sefiri Ali Galib Bey’in merkezle muhâberât evrâkının (1893/ 1895) (transkripsiyon ve değerlendirilmesi)
Get PDFVIII ÖZET Ortadogu'nun en önemli uygarlık merkezlerinden birisini olusturan ran, son derece zengin bir kültüre sahip olup bu özelligini yüzyıllardır korumaktadır. Kaynaklardan Türklerle ilk münasebetlerinin Hunlar dönemine dayandıgını ögrendigimiz ranlıların Osmanlılarla iliskileri XIV. ve XVIII. Yüzyıllar arasında ran’a egemen olan Safevi Hanedanlıgı zamanında baslamıstır. Dönemin bu iki büyük gücü birbirlerine karsı denge politikası izleyerek Irak bölgesine hakim olmak istemis, söz konusu süreç XIX. Yüzyıla degin devam etmistir. XIX. Yüzyılda Osmanlı-ran münasebetleri yeni bir döneme girerek, bölge dısı devletler bölgede etkin bir rol oynamaya baslamıslardır. Söz konusu devletler, Osmanlı ve ran devletlerini siyasî, askeri ve ekonomik yönden etkilemis, ayrıca ekonomik yönden zayıf ran'ın yer altı kaynakları Avrupalı Devletlerin istahını kabartmıstır. Bu amaçla özellikle ngiltere ve Rusya'nın bölgede, nüfuzunu arttırmak için çesitli oyunlar oynadıgını görmekteyiz. Söyle ki: Rusların uzun zamandan beri kıskırttıgı Ermeni örgütlerinin faaliyetlerinin siddetini 1894-1896 yılları arasında arttırması; Ermeni ve Kürtlerin Osmanlı Devleti'ne karsı isyanları; iki devlet arasındaki “Sünni-Sii” zıtlasması; Dogu Anadolu'daki Osmanlı-ran sınırında yasayan bazı konar göçer asiretlerin sebep oldugu problemler; Nasıreddin Sah (1848-1896) döneminde ran’ın Irak Bölgesi’ne hakim olmak istemesi ayrıca bu bölge ile ngiltere ve Rusya’nın da ilgilenmesi iki devlet arasındaki barıs ortamının bozulmasına neden olmustur. XIX. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısında slam dünyasına karsı emperyalizm tehlikesinin belirmeye baslaması II. Abdülhamid'i birtakım tedbirler almaya sevk etmistir. Bu amaçla yani Osmanlı Devleti’nin bekasını saglamak ve idaresindeki Müslümanları emperyalizme karsı tek vücut haline getirmek için “ttihad-ı slam” politikasını izlemistir. ran ise sünnilerin egemenligine girip slam birligi içinde milli hüviyetini kaybetme korkusu gibi çekinceleri nedeniyle bu politikaya olumlu yaklasmamıstır. ste bu sıcak gelismelerin yasandıgı dönemde tezimizin ana kaynagını olusturan yazmanın müellifi Ali Galib Bey'in Tahran sefirligi esnasında (1893-1895) Osmanlı Devleti ile yaptıgı yazısmalar, önemli ayrıntı ve saptamaları içerdiginden dönemin siyasî ve sosyal ortamını birebir müsahede etmemizi saglamakta, Osmanlı-ran iliskilerine yeni bir bakıs açısı getirmektedir. Evrâkın baska bir nüshası bulunmamaktadır. IX Evrâkımız, müellif yazması olmakla birlikte diplomasi tarihi açısından da son derece önemlidir. Tezimiz, “Tahran Sefiri Ali Galib Bey’in Merkezle Muhaberât Evrâkı (1893-1895)” adlandırdıgımız evrâkın transkripsiyonu ve degerlendirilmesini ihtiva etmektedir. Evrâkın Latin alfabesi ile Türkçeye kazandırılması amaçlanmıstır. XConstituting one of the most important civilization centers in Middle East; Iran has an extremely rich culture and remains these properties for centuries. As from the sources we learned that their first contact with Turks dates back to Huns Era ,Iranians’ relations with Ottomans started with the Safavid Dynasty era which dominated Iran between XIV. and XVIII. centuries. The two superpower of this era followed a balancing policy against each other and tried to control Iraq region, and the said situation continued until XIX. century. In XIX. century Ottoman-Iran relations entered to a new phase and states outside the region have begun to play active role in the region. Said states influenced the Ottoman and Iran States’ political, military and economic aspects, beside, economically weak Iran’s natural resources has swelled the appetite of European States. Because of this reason, especially United Kingdom and Russia had played various games for increasing their influences. Such as: The increase in the intensity of the activies of the Armenian organizations between the years of 1894 to 1896; Armenian’s and Kurdish revolts against Ottoman State ;Sunni-Shiite confrontation between the two states; problems caused by nomadic tribes which was stating in Eastern Anatolia and on the Iranian- Ottoman border; Iran’s desire to control the Iraq region during Nasıreddin Sah era (1886-1896), and the United Kingdom’s and Russian interests on this region led to deterioration of the peace environment between the two states. The emerging of imperialistic threats on Islamic world at the second half of the XIX. century, has led to II.Abdülhamit to take some measures. For this purpose, means, for ensuring the survival of Ottoman State and for gathering the Muslims in its administration as one body against imperialism , had followed “ttihad- ı slam”[Union of Islam] policy. Iran did not have positive approach to this policy due to drawbacks such as afraid of loosing national identity by entering this Sunni dominated Islamic Union. As Ali Galip Bey’s, the author of writing of the developments took place in this warm period which constitutes the main source of our thesis, correspondences with Ottoman State during his ambassadorship in Tehran (1893-1895) includes important details and determinations, it is enabling us to observe the political social climate of the XI period exactly, and brings a new perspective to Ottaman-Iranian relations. The documents do not have another copy. Our documents, as being the writings of author, it is also extremely important in terms of history of diplomacy. Our thesis contains the transcription and assessment of the “Tehran Ambassador Ali Galip Bey’s correspondence documents with Head Office (1893-1895)”. It was intended to gain the documents into Turkish with Latin alphabet
Modeling of fire smoke movement in multizone garments building using two open source platforms
No full textSecure Obfuscation of Authoring Style
No full textPart 2: Secure Resource Sharing and Access ControlInternational audienceAnonymous authoring includes writing reviews, comments and blogs, using pseudonyms with the general assumption that using these pseudonyms will protect the real identity of authors and allows them to freely express their views. It has been shown, however, that writing style may be used to trace authors across multiple Websites. This is a serious threat to privacy and may even result in revealing the authors’s identities. In obfuscating authors’ writing style, an authored document is modified to hide the writing characteristics of the author. In this paper we first show that existing obfuscation systems are insecure and propose a general approach for constructing obfuscation algorithms, and then instantiate the framework to give an algorithm that semi-automatically modifies an author’s document. We provide a secure obfuscation scheme that is able to hide an author’s document securely among other authors’ documents in a corpus. As part of our obfuscation algorithm we present a new algorithm for identifying an author’s unique words that would be of independent interest.We present a security model and use it to analyze our scheme and also the previous schemes. We implement our scheme and give its performances through experiments.We show that our algorithm can be used to obfuscate documents securely and effectively
Translation to modern Turkish of collection named Gıda-ı Ruh and analysis of it
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Müzik Ana Bilim DalıGüfte mecmuaları, Geleneksel Türk Müziği Tarihi açısından önemli yazılı kaynaklardır. XIX. Yüzyıla kadar meşk yönteminin uygulandığı müzik eğitiminde güfte mecmuaları önemli yer tutmaktadır. Günümüze kadar meşk yoluyla gelen birçok Türk Müziği bestesi vardır. Bunların bir açıdan doğrulanabilmesi, yani bestelendikleri düşünülen zamanın tarihi bilgileriyle uyum içinde olduğunun gösterilmesi, nota yoluyla olmasa da bazı kayıtlarla desteklenmesi, güfte mecmualarını incelemekle mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, 1316 (Hicri) yılında yazılmış Ali Galib TÜRKKAN'a ait Gıda-ı Ruh isimli güfte mecmuası incelenmiştir. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü'nde yüksek lisans tezi olarak hazırlanan " Gıda-ı Ruh İsimli Güfte Mecmuasının Günümüz Türkçesine Çevirisi ve İncelenmesi" isimli bu çalışma girişi takip eden üç bölümden oluşmuştur. Tez içerisinde güfte mecmualarının önemimden bahsedilmiş, mecmuanın şekli, içeriği ve yazarı hakkında kısa bilgi verilmiştir. Mecmuanın çeviri yazımı ve orijinali eklenmiştir. Mecmua içerisindeki eserler TRT repertuarı ile karşılaştırılıp önemli olduğu düşünülen bilgiler dipnotlar ile belirtilmiştir. Tezin sonuç kısmında, yapılan çalışmadan çıkarılan sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler: Türk Müziği, Meşk, Güfte Mecmuası, Gıda-ı RuhLyrics collections are important written sources in terms of Traditional Turkish music history. Up to 17th century, lyrics collections are important in music education in which the meşk(exercise) method is practicing. Up to the present, there are many Turkish music compositions coming through meşk. Verifying of them in one aspect; that is, showing they are in harmony with historical information and the time believed to be composed of them, being supported them by some records despite not with notes are possible with examining the of lyrics collections. In this study, lyrics collection named Gıda-ı Ruh(Nutrient for the Soul) written by Ali Galib TURKKAN in 1316 (Hijri) is examined. This study named "Translation to Modern Turkish of Collection named Gıda-ı Ruh and analysis of it" consists of three sections that follow introduction and is prepared a master thesis in the Institute of Social Sciences of Cumhuriyet University. The importance of lyrics collection is mentioned in the thesis; the shape and also the content of collection and brief information about the author are given. The original form and transcription of the collection are attached. Works within the collection are compared with TRT repertoire and then the information thought to be important is indicated by footnote. In the result part of the thesis, the conclusions drawn from the study are interpreted. Key words: Turkish Music, Meşk(exercise), Lyrics Collections, Gıda-ı Ruh(Nutrient for the Soul
