1,720,976 research outputs found
You want to give a good impression? Be honest! Moral traits dominate impression formation
No full textInformation gathering on social targets: the trade-off between frequency and diagnosticity
No full textPrevious studies showed that prior expectancies bias information search about social targets towards asymmetric testing, wherein the “yes” answer and the “no” answer are not equally diagnostic. This tendency to asymmetry was interpreted in terms of confirmation bias. However, people might be more sensitive to the frequency of expected answers than to their diagnosticity. Given that weak diagnostic evidence is likely to occur whereas highly diagnostic information is rare, the present contribution aims at investigating the consequence of the asymmetric testing on the impression formation. In Study 1 (N=50) we analyzed the impact of yes and no answers to questions focused on personality traits of a social target. The pattern of multiple regression revealed that the questions level of asymmetry did not affect the final impression. In Study 2 (N=41) participants were presented with pools of questions -and relative answers- manipulated by symmetry and balanced in terms diagnosticity. The results showed asymmetric pools(extreme but rare information) to have lower impact on final impression than symmetric pools (less informative but frequent information). In Study 3 (N=60) participants were presented with evidence obtained from different members of a social category through symmetric or asymmetric questions. People were more prone to generalize the trait to the whole category in the symmetric condition. Possible consequences for the stereotype change process are discussed
Fundamental dimensions of social judgment: Sociability and morality as distinct characteristics of social warmth
No full textResponse demands and the recruitment of heuristic strategies in syllogistic reasoning
No full textTwo experiments investigated whether dealing with a homogeneous subset of syllogisms with time-constrained responses encouraged participants to develop and use heuristics for abstract (Experiment 1) and thematic (Experiment 2) syllogisms. An atmosphere-based heuristic accounted for most responses with both abstract and thematic syllogisms. With thematic syllogisms, a weaker effect of a belief heuristic was also observed, mainly where the correct response was inconsistent with the atmosphere of the premises. Analytic processes appear to have played little role in the time-constrained condition, whereas their involvement increased in a self-paced, unconstrained condition. From a dual-process perspective, the results further specify how task demands affect the recruitment of heuristic and analytic systems of reasoning. Because the syllogisms and experimental procedure were the same as those used in a previous neuroimaging study by Goel, Buchel, Frith, and Dolan (2000), the result also deepen our understanding of the cognitive processes investigated by that stud
Effects of asymmetric questions on impression formation: A trade-off between evidence diagnosticity and frequency
No full textWhen examining social targets, people may ask asymmetric questions for which the yes- and the no-answer are neither equally diagnostic nor equally likely. Although asymmetric testing was related to confirmation bias, the consequences of this strategy on impression formation are still ambiguous. The present work explored the role played by the trade-off between the informativeness of the answers and their probability of occurrence implied by the questions asymmetry. In Study 1, participants received answers related to symmetric/asymmetric questions on an anonymous social target. In Study 2, participants read answers to a specific symmetric/asymmetric question provided by different group members. Overall, the results indicated that asymmetric pools had less impact on impressions than did symmetric pools, suggesting individual’s greater sensitivity to data frequency than to diagnosticit
Dimensioni fondamentali del giudizio sociale: evidenze sull’importanza di moralità nella formazione di impressioni
No full textSelezione di informazioni e controllo di ipotesi sociali: possibili strategie di debiasing
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Fundamental dimensions of social judgment: The leading role of morality in the impression-formation process
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