1,721,000 research outputs found
Minimal invasive approaches for large ovarian cysts: a careful choice
No full text[No abstract available
Cellular Adaptive Immune System Plays a Crucial Role in Trastuzumab Clinical Efficacy
No full text[No abstract available
Circulating tumor cells as trigger to hematogenous spreads and potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis in ovarian cancer.
Full text linkDespite several improvements in the surgical field and in the systemic treatment, ovarian cancer (OC) is still characterized by high recurrence rates and consequently poor survival. In OC, there is still a great lack of knowledge with regard to cancer behavior and mechanisms of recurrence, progression, and drug resistance. The OC metastatization process mostly occurs via intracoelomatic spread. Recent evidences show that tumor cells generate a favorable microenvironment consisting in T regulatory cells, T infiltrating lymphocytes, and cytokines which are able to establish an "immuno-tolerance mileau" in which a tumor cell can become a resistant clone. When the disease responds to treatment, immunoediting processes and cancer progression have been stopped. A similar inhibition of the immunosuppressive microenvironment has been observed after optimal cytoreductive surgery as well. In this scenario, the early identification of circulating tumor cells could represent a precocious signal of loss of the immune balance that precedes cancer immunoediting and relapse. Supporting this hypothesis, circulating tumor cells have been demonstrated to be a prognostic factor in several solid tumors such as colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, breast, and genitourinary cancer. In OC, the role of circulating tumor cells is still to be defined. However, as opposed to healthy women, circulating tumor cells have been demonstrated in peripheral blood of OC patients, opening a new research field in OC diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and follow-up
Precision oncology targeting FGFRs: A systematic review on pre-clinical activity and clinical outcomes of pemigatinib
No full text: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) are emerging as key factors involved in tumorigenesis, tumor microenvironment remodeling and acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Pemigatinib is a Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor that selectively targets aberrant FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3. Pemigatinib is now approved for advanced-stage cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) but data suggests that other tumor histotypes exhibit FGFR alterations, thus hypothesizing its potential efficacy in other cancer settings. The present systematic review, based on PRISMA guidelines, aims to synthetize and critically interpret the results of all available preclinical and clinical evidence regarding Pemigatinib use in cancer. In April 2024, an extensive search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using the keyword "Pemigatinib". Twenty-seven studies finally met all inclusion criteria. The promising results emerging from Pemigatinib preclinical and clinical studies pave the way for Pemigatinib extension to multiple solid cancer settings
The efficacy of fibrin sealant patches in reducing the incidence of lymphatic morbidity after radical lymphadenectomy: A meta-analysis
No full textBACKGROUND
Although pivotal in the oncological management of most tumors, radical lymphadenectomy is associated with a significant number of lymphatic complications. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of fibrinogen sealant patches in reducing lymphadenectomy-related postoperative complications.
METHODS/MATERIALS
The electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and Scopus were searched using the terms "lymphadenectomy" or "lymph node dissection" and "TachoSil," "TachoComb," or "fibrin sealant patch." Series evaluating the efficacy of fibrin-thrombin collagen sealant patches were included in the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Overall, 26 studies were retrieved through the literature search. Ten studies including 720 patients met selection criteria. The use of fibrin-thrombin sealant patches to the sole scope of reducing lymphadenectomy-related complications significantly reduced the incidence of lymphocele, symptomatic lymphocele, the need of percutaneous drainage procedures, the volume of lymph drained, and the duration of the drainage. No effect on wound and/or lymphocele infection was noted.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis demonstrates that the use of fibrin-thrombin sealant patches significantly reduces the total volume of lymph drained, the duration of the drainage, the incidence of lymphocele and symptomatic lymphocele, and the need for postoperative percutaneous drainage procedures. Its use does not affect the incidence of wound or lymphocele infections
Beyond the beyond: first case of 9 cytoreductive surgeries in a long-surviving ovarian cancer patient: case report
No full textThe role of surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) is debated. Multiple prospective and retrospective series reported improved survival with optimal secondary surgical cytoreduction, but definitive results from randomized trials are needed. Up to the fourth cytoreductive surgery for recurrent disease in an attempt to improve patients' prognosis has been reported
Complete remission of ovarian cancer induced intractable malignant ascites with intraperitoneal bevacizumab. Immunological observations and a literature review
No full textMalignant ascites resistant to conventional drugs frequently affects ovarian cancer patients at the end of life. Here we report the case of a patient who benefited from complete resolution of ascites after low dose intraperitoneal administration of bevacizumab. Immunological analyses showed an initial increase in proportion and function of CD8(+) effector T cells and a reduction of circulating T(reg) cells. A review of the current literature regarding bevacizumab in ovarian cancer is reported. Bevacizumab has shown a high efficacy in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Intraperitoneal administration induces an immune activation and appears promising in the treatment of malignant ascites
Vaginal Reconstruction with the Abbè-McIndoe Technique: From Dermal Grafts to Autologous in Vitro Cultured Vaginal Tissue Transplant
No full textVaginal agenesis represents the most common anomaly of the lower female genital tract. Surgical treatments have gradually evolved from aggressive procedures to minimally invasive techniques. The Abbe-McIndoe procedure is one of the most frequent surgical procedures used. The original Abbe-McIndoe procedure consisted of the surgical creation of a vagina in between the bladder and the rectum and the successive lining with a dermal graft. In the last decades different authors have introduced several modifications, mostly changing the lining material. Amniotic membranes, inert materials, and oral mucosa have all been used to improve the short-and long-term results. Recently, we have reported the use of autologous in vitro grown vaginal tissue as lining material with highly promising results. In this review, we discuss the improvements achieved using this minimally invasive procedure and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different materials
Sentinel node mapping in cervical and endometrial cancer: indocyanine green versus other conventional dyes. A meta-analysis
Full text linkBACKGROUND:
Historically, blue dyes, 99Tc or a combination of the two tracers have been used for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in cervical and endometrial cancer patients. Indocyanine green (ICG), as a tracer, has been recently introduced in this setting. Our goal was to assess the differences in overall and bilateral detection rates as well as in false-negative rates among the different tracers.
METHODS:
The electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched in January 2016 by searching the terms "sentinel lymph node" and "dye" and "indocyanine green," and "cervical cancer" or "endometrial cancer." Series comparing different tracers injected intracervically and reporting the detection rate and/or SLN false-negative rate were selected.
RESULTS:
Forty-five studies were retrieved. Six studies including 538 patients met selection criteria. Compared with blue dyes, ICG SLN mapping had higher overall (odds ratio [OR] 0.27; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.15-0.50; p < 0.0001) and bilateral detection rates (OR 0.27; 95 % CI 0.19-0.40; p < 0.00001). No differences were found between ICG and 99TC, although these results are based on data of a single series. No differences in overall and bilateral detection rates were found between ICG and the combination of blue dyes and 99TC. The pooled analysis of false-negative rates data showed no difference in false-negative rates between tracers.
CONCLUSIONS:
In cervical and endometrial cancer, ICG SLN mapping seems to be equivalent to the combination of blue dyes and 99TC in terms of overall and bilateral detection rates. Its safety profile and ease of use may favor its employment respect to conventional tracers
Cediranib in ovarian cancer. state of the art and future perspectives
No full textDespite the dramatic improvements achieved in
cancer treatment through a better understanding of the tumor
biology, ovarian cancer is still characterized by a poor prognosis:
most patients diagnosed with this disease will ultimately
die from it. In various clinical trials conducted over a time
span of two decades, new combinations of conventional chemotherapy
regimens have failed to achieve significant improvements
in oncologic outcome in ovarian cancer patients.
We have now entered an era of Bpersonalized medicine^ in
which new medications are designed to specifically target molecular
pathways involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
Encouraging results in different tumor types have
been reported, applying an increasing number of target therapies
that are still under evaluation. In this setting, one of the
most successfully targeted molecular pathways is tumor angiogenesis.
Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been recently
incorporated in the treatment of primary and recurrent ovarian
cancer patients after multiple phase III randomized controlled
trials have proven its clinical benefit. Based on these positive
results, more anti-angiogenic molecules using different mechanisms
of action have been developed and are currently under
investigation. Among these molecules, the tyrosine kinases
inhibitors are probably the most promising ones. Cediranib
is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGF receptors that
has been tested in various trials with promising results. The
aim of this manuscript is to review the current role of cediranib
in the treatment of ovarian cancer and to present an overview
of the ongoing clinical trials in this settingDespite the dramatic improvements achieved in
cancer treatment through a better understanding of the tumor
biology, ovarian cancer is still characterized by a poor prognosis:
most patients diagnosed with this disease will ultimately
die from it. In various clinical trials conducted over a time
span of two decades, new combinations of conventional chemotherapy
regimens have failed to achieve significant improvements
in oncologic outcome in ovarian cancer patients.
We have now entered an era of Bpersonalized medicine^ in
which new medications are designed to specifically target molecular
pathways involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
Encouraging results in different tumor types have
been reported, applying an increasing number of target therapies
that are still under evaluation. In this setting, one of the
most successfully targeted molecular pathways is tumor angiogenesis.
Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been recently
incorporated in the treatment of primary and recurrent ovarian
cancer patients after multiple phase III randomized controlled
trials have proven its clinical benefit. Based on these positive
results, more anti-angiogenic molecules using different mechanisms
of action have been developed and are currently under
investigation. Among these molecules, the tyrosine kinases
inhibitors are probably the most promising ones. Cediranib
is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGF receptors that
has been tested in various trials with promising results. The
aim of this manuscript is to review the current role of cediranib
in the treatment of ovarian cancer and to present an overview
of the ongoing clinical trials in this settin
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