1,721,200 research outputs found
Psicologia positiva e psicologia clinica. Una prospettiva integrata
No full textLa psicologia clinica ha affrontato nel suo sviluppo questioni come la felicità, la resilienza e il funzionamento ottimale individuale. Tuttavia, l’approccio tradizionale alla salute mentale si è attenuto strettamente al modello medico di benessere e disagio psicologico, dove il benessere è considerato come l’assenza di malattia. D’altro canto, la psicologia positiva si è focalizzata sullo studio delle risorse e della positività negli individui, nei gruppi e nelle istituzioni, spesso trascurando i fattori di rischio per la salute e la psicopatologia. Questo volume si propone di integrare le tradizionali prospettive della psicologia clinica con quelle nuove emergenti dalla psicologia positiva, e propone un approccio clinico integrato in cui la definizione e la promozione della salute mentale positiva sono in linea con una concezione biopsicosociale dell’individuo. Viene così presentato un modello di psicologia clinica positiva dove il benessere, il disagio psicologico e la psicopatologia risultano reciprocamente interconnessi. Un testo utile a psicologi, psicoterapeuti, medici, operatori sanitari, pedagogisti ed educatori
Psychology of Well-being. Theory, Research and Practice
No full textPsychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice is a peer-reviewed devoted to understanding the biopsychosocial and behavioural factors leading to enhanced well-being, optimal emotional processing and the prevention of psychological dysfunction.
Ruini C. is a Cunsulting Editor, member of the Editorial Boar
Well-being Therapy: promoting Eudaimonic Happiness
No full textThis chapter describes the application of a well-being promoting strategy (child Well-being Therapy) in a 14 year old girl, who was referred to counselling for dealing with a stressfull family environment. After describing the role of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in influencing children psychological developmental processes, the chapter describes the clinical articulation of the intevention, ant its main clinical outcomes. This chapter describes a clinical case where the implemetation of well-being promoting staregies yielded beneficial effects in this young girl and promoted her resilience
Quiz di Dermatologia e venereologia
No full textTest di accesso alle Scuole di Specializzazione di Area Medica
Finalizzato alla preparazione al Concorso Nazionale per le Specializzazioni di Area Medica, questo testo comprende un’ampissima raccolta di quesiti e casi clinici in parte selezionati da database e prove ufficiali, in parte appositamente redatti dagli autori, per consentire un rapido ripasso dei principali argomenti delle discipline ed esercitarsi in funzione della prova d’esame.
Sulla base delle linee guida ministeriali ed alla luce delle prove ufficiali svolte, questa seconda edizione è stata profondamente revisionata, assicurando maggiore risalto a casi clinici correlati a scenari predefiniti.
Il volume è suddiviso in due parti:
– nella prima i quesiti sono ripartiti per disciplina ed argomento per favorire un ripasso sistematico delle nozioni;
– nella seconda invece i quesiti si riferiscono a specifici scenari clinico-assistenziali. Gli scenari predefiniti sono evidenziati graficamente da un retino grigio e spesso seguiti da quesiti su dati clinici, diagnostici o analitici correlati come previsto dalle linee guida
Spotlight on eudaimonia and depression. A systematic review of the literature over the past 5 years
Full text linkBackground and aim: Recent investigations pointed out to the important role of wellbeing in influencing physical and mental health, with robust findings for the dimension of depression. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an updated summary of articles focused on eudaimonia and depression, including psychosocial interventions that addressed both issues. Method: The literature search was performed by entering the keywords: “eudaimonia” OR “eudaimonic well-being (EWB)" and “depression” and by limiting to “journal article” and to the English language. To be included in this, review articles had to present at least one EWB measure and one depression measure, and had to investigate young and adult populations, including populations with mental health disorders. Articles were excluded if they were published before 2014. Results: Thirty-four articles were included, with a total of 81,987 participants. About the majority of participants were recruited in two twin studies, followed by college students, and by adults belonging to the general and clinical populations. Sixteen different instruments assessed eudaimonia, being Ryff’s psychological well-being scale the most frequently used. The most used instrument for assessing depression was the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, followed by Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The studies confirmed the robust, inverse correlation between eudaimonia and depression, which was only partially explained by genetic common factors and which was mediated by other factors, as selfcompassion, personality traits, and defense mechanisms. Various interventions were found to be effective both in promoting eudaimonia and in addressing depression, ranging from cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness, to positive psychotherapy. Conclusion: Clinicians, counselors, and practitioners can select different strategies to promote EWB and to address depression. The findings also suggest the need for a larger consensus on the definition of eudaimonia and on the specific measure(s) to evaluate it in different populations and in different life stages
Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography: The Golden Goose?
No full textNon-invasive diagnostic methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are nowadays widely used in dermatological research and daily clinical routine. OCT and RCM have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, whereas RCM is also useful in distinguishing benign nevi from melanomas. Both methods can be used as an additional diagnostic tool for a wide spectrum of inflammatory and infectious skin diseases. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new device combining both cellular resolution and high penetration depth, so that not only tumor cell morphology but also tumor thickness can be evaluated in-vivo. Ongoing studies show promising results in the analysis of non melanoma skin cancer, field cancerization, and mites infestations. Further studies are needed to define standardized diagnostic criteria and fields of application
The role of music therapy in the treatment of children with cancer: A systematic review of literature
No full textBackground: and purpose: Music Therapy has become a consolidated strategy to relief stress in children during hospitalization, and previous research demonstrated its efficacy on individuals’ health. This is a systematic review of literature on the application of music therapy with children and adolescent with cancer, with the aim of evaluating its feasibility and its benefits, in terms of physical and mental health. Methods: Database search was carried out via PubMed, PsycINFO and SCOPUS, using an age restriction of 0–24 years and the following keywords: (cancer OR oncology) AND music. Search was conducted from inception to June 2020. Results: From 462 studies retrieved, 19 were selected and included in this research, with 596 participants. They received three different types of music therapy: receptive music therapy (n = 4), active music therapy (n = 9) and the combined method of receptive and active interventions (n = 6). These studies indicated a significant reduction of psychological distress (n = 9) and an increase in well-being (n = 8). 8 articles evaluated the effects on subjective pain and other biological parameters, with inconclusive results. Conclusion: Music therapy, in paediatric oncology, seems to have a good feasibility and positive effects on mental and physical health. Nevertheless, some critical issues have emerged, such as the heterogeneity of interventions and study designs, which make generalizability still difficult. These and other clinical implications are discussed
Writing Technique Across Psychotherapies—From Traditional Expressive Writing to New Positive Psychology Interventions: A Narrative Review
Full text linkWriting Therapy (WT) is defined as a process of investigation about personal thoughts and feelings using the act of writing as an instrument, with the aim of promoting self-healing and personal growth. WT has been integrated in specific psychotherapies with the aim of treating specific mental disorders (PTSD, depression, etc.). More recently, WT has been included in several Positive Interventions (PI) as a useful tool to promote psychological well-being. This narrative review was conducted by searching on scientific databases and analyzing essential studies, academic books and journal articles where writing therapy was applied. The aim of this review is to describe and summarize the use of WT across various psychotherapies, from the traditional applications as expressive writing, or guided autobiography, to the phenomenological-existential approach (Logotherapy) and, more recently, to the use of WT within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Finally, the novel applications of writing techniques from a positive psychology perspective will be analyzed. Accordingly, the applications of WT for promoting forgiveness, gratitude, wisdom and other positive dimensions will be illustrated. The results of this review show that WT yield therapeutic effects on symptoms and distress, but it also promotes psychological well-being. The use of writing can be a standalone treatment or it can be easily integrated as supplement in other therapeutic approaches. This review might help clinician and counsellors to apply the simple instrument of writing to promote insight, healing and well-being in clients, according to their specific clinical needs and therapeutic goals
Clinical implications of psychological well-being
No full textThe concept of psychological well-being has been neglected for a long time in scientific literature. In the last decades, however, many psychometric instruments have been developed to measure it. The aim of the present paper was to analyze the concept of psychological well-being and its relationship to distress and personality traits, with particular emphasis on its implications in clinical settings. A new psychotherapeutic strategy for improving psychological wellbeing (Well-Being Therapy) is introduced. Well-being therapy is based on Ryff's multidimensional model of psychological well-being, encompassing six dimensions: autonomy, personal growth, environmental mastery, purpose in life, positive relations and self-acceptance. It may be applied as a relapse-preventive strategy in the residual phase of affective (mood and anxiety) disorders, as an additional ingredient of cognitive-behavioral packages, in patients with affective disorders who failed to respond to standard pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatments and in body image disturbances. The clinical studies supporting its efficacy are illustrate
Effectiveness of Home_Positivity: A VR Program for Promoting Positive Mental Health. A Pilot Feasibility Study
Full text linkVirtual reality (VR) has been recently used for the treatment of mental health conditions. While research shows symptom reduction, further investigation is required to ascertain the impact of VR on well-being indicators. This pilot study aims to assess the effectiveness of a new VR software, H.O.M.E (How to Observe and Modify Emotion)_Positivity, in promoting positive mental health, which implies addressing both psychological distress and well-being. A sample of 16 healthy college students participated in a six-session intervention involving individual interviews and VR experiences using H.O.M.E delivered at the university of Bologna. They were assessed before and after intervention and at 3-month follow-up with indicators of negative symptoms (i.e., Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and the Negative affect scale of (PANAS) and of well-being (i.e., Mental Health Continuum (MHC) and the Positive Affect (PA) subscale of the PANAS. Moreover, they were asked to report their satisfaction and comments on the experience of the VR software. Following the intervention, participants reported significantly lower scores at DASS and higher scores at MHC and PA. In contrast, NA subscale score did not change significantly after the intervention or at three months follow-up. The results provide support to the use of H.O.M.E_Positivity for the promotion of positive mental health. Participants reported a reduction of psychological distress and improvement in well-being, and they were all highly satisfied and engaged while using the VR software. These findings indicate the potential value of this intervention, particularly in an increasingly digital society
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