1,721,018 research outputs found
The cultural turn in Community Interpreting. A brief analysis of epistemological developments in Community Interpreting literature in the light of paradigm changes in the humatities
Full text linkThis paper aims to take stock of the current status quo in the literature of Community Interpreting. The paper will examine what has been written to date on the subject of community interpreting in academic journals and books in T/I literature (and will also include non-published articles presented at international conferences- suggesting trends and foci in the community generally). It will describe and critique the different premises, models, perspectives and fields of application in the literature to see how these fit in with the larger trends in T/I studies and in the humanities more generally. (For example, an interface emerges between philosophical issues pertinent in other disciplines in issues such as ethics, role and professionalism.)
Going beyond a traditional literature review, the paper provides a brief critical analysis of the most important single contributions and/or schools of thought within the literature. As such, the paper also aims to contribute towards the mapping of what will in future constitute the early history of CI research.
Prefaced by a brief preliminary discussion of what constitutes 'theories' and 'models' in the humanities, the paper provides a filter through which to analyse the texts. Finally, the paper will suggest what might be the most novel/fruitful/interesting avenues to follow in the future - both from a theoretical and a practical perspective - and propose research in other areas (esp. medical, legal, sociological, anthropological, discourse analysis) that may be fruitful for the continuing advancement of this exciting and intrinsically interdisciplinary field of studies
Walking in Bologna - Camminando per Bologna (doppio testo Italiano-Inglese)
No full textThis is a translation of a 'coffee-table' guide-book with photographs of Bologna. The photographs are accompanied by text in both Italian and Englis
A Case Study of Language Hybridity in Translation: Salman Rushdie’s Children’s Book Haroun and the Sea of Stories
No full textThis paper briefly examines three translations of the children’s novel by Salman Rushdie Haroun and the Sea of Stories (hereafter Haroun). Haroun was the first book to be published after Rushdie’s highly publicized and exile in clandestinity after the Iranian clerical leader Ayatollah Khomeni pronounced a fatwa against him. Orlati and I have examined elsewhere Haroun’s ambivalent ‘adult’ political subtext, namely the critique against fundamentalist regimes and the tyranny of censorship, describing how this is maintained, lost and managed in the Italian and Norwegian translations (Rudvin and Orlati, forthcoming). This paper, adding the French translation to the corpus, seeks to trace some of the textual changes contained in the text’s linguistic hybridity
Translation and ‘Myth’: Norwegian Children’s Literature in English
No full textThis article examines the translations of Norwegian children's literature into English, asserting that translation and the selection of texts for translation mirror and promote the perceived identity of the source culture in the target culture. It further examines one aspect of the translation process and the selection of texts to be translated, namely the popular association between Scandinavian countries and the concept of 'Nature
‘Colonialism, Children’s Literature and Translation. The Colonial Gaze: A reading of the text and illustrations in Italian versions of The Jungle Books’
No full textThis paper investigates if and how colonialist tropes and Victorian values represented in Victorian children’s literature have survived to the present day in Italian translations through revisions, abridgements and illustrations in a text by one of the most representative Victorian authors, Rudyard Kipling, a paragon of the Empire-building period. The paper examines his celebrated The Jungle Books published in 1894 and 1895. The Jungle Books were printed in two volumes containing not only the celebrated Mowgli stories, but also other short stories such as “The White Seal” and “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi”. This paper will be looking exclusively at the series of stories in which Mowgli is the protagonist, and only in the volumes catalogued in the children’s section of libraries, examining how interpersonal relations among the characters, deeply embedded in Kipling’s Victorian convictions, are portrayed. These aspects relate particularly to hierarchy, authority, ‘the Law of the Jungle’, hunting and nature. The paper briefly touches upon how these issues relate to Kipling’s own personal life and his rapport with India, and how they relate to the concept of children’s literature as a modern western literary construction. By examining a range of Italian translations, the paper then questions to what degree these aspects of Kipling’s world view are maintained in translation: if and when they are jettisoned and what this tells us about the circumstances, the agents and the process of translation. In order to examine how the core values of the colonialist period are portrayed in translations of The Jungle Books, the paper will first discuss how these emerge in the original text, especially through the interpersonal relations between Mowgli and the jungle animals. The paper then moves on to examine a sample of Italian translations to see if and how the colonialist subtext(s) are maintained in the translated text and in the accompanying illustrations. Questions that emerge are: ‘How is the ideological dimension in the source text managed in translation, given the powerful educational and informative function and nature of books for children?’ ‘Is the colonial subtext mitigated or emphasized by translators and publishers?’ The paper will attempt to suggest answers to some of these questions
Folk Literature and the Nineteenth-Century Nationalist Movement - Norway: The Shaping of National Identity
No full textThis chapter explores the construction on national identity through the collection, transcription, publication and promotion of a collection of Norwegian Folktales in 19th century Norway, reflecting the spirit of the times, National Romanticism, in Europe and deeply inspired by national Romantics in Germany, particularly the Grimm brother
La categoria eurocentrica del ‘primitivo’ nei mezzi di informazione italiani
No full textLo scopo della presente analisi é quello di esaminare le occorrenze del paradigma “immigrato/straniero = primitivo” in articoli giornalistici italiani relativi all’immigrazione.
Lo studio intende esaminare come l’idea di “primitivismo”, condizionata non solo da fattori storici e culturali, ma anche di attualità politica e geo-politica, si manifesti/esplichi nei testi giornalistici sull’immigrazione in Italia al giorno d’oggi. Lo studio consiste di un analisi di tre giornali Italiani (una nazionale e due locale) di articolo che riguardano un evento di cronaca nel 2005 in cui erano coinvolti due giovani immigrati. Lo studio esamina e paragona il linguaggio usato dai giornalisti nei tre giornali nel creare lo stereotipi/l’imagino dell’Altro attraverso questi due persone (immigrati).
A mio avviso l’idea del “primitivismo” si concretizza nell’odierna opinione sull’immigrazione che emerge sia nei discorsi apertamente a carattere razziale che in quelli più “liberal”. L’idea che l’opinione pubblica ha al riguardo viene mediata da questo mito, generato in modo diacronico dall’imperialismo e dalle strutture egemoniche, e che si riflette oggi nei rapporti fra il primo e il terzo mondo, anch’essi retti da asimmetrie di tipo socio-economico e politico. Le numerose e spesso contraddittorie manifestazioni di “primitivismo”, dal “buon selvaggio in armonia con la Natura” al “selvaggio bestiale e incivile”, fino al “selvaggio irrazionale e/o sensuale”, si ritrovano nel discorso popolare e giornalistico sull’immigrazione e rappresentano tutte una visione egemonica dell’Altro come subalterno piuttosto che come partner (il cosidetto “Gaze”, o lo sguardo sull’Altro).
Si ricorrerà a nozioni tratte dalla teoria post-coloniale al fine di analizzare le strategie retoriche utilizzate nel discorso giornalistico sull’immigrazione (ad esempio il mito ”orientalista” incarnato negli stereotipi, cliché e neologismi presi da altre lingue, e soprattutto le metafore diacroniche della modernità rispetto al primitivismo, quali: “in Afghanistan si é ritornati al Medioevo”, oppure il fondamentalismo islamico o la politica palestinese visti come aspetti primitivi, selvaggi e barbari o ancora le metafore cromatiche di contrasto fra buio e luce). A questo riguardo è anche rilevante il confronto implicito fra meridionali e stranieri da parte della Lega Nord. Potrebbe rivelarsi interessante il confronto fra questi stereotipi e le notizie presentati nelle notizie provenienti dal cosiddetto Terzo Mondo, ad esempio l’India vista come una nazione all’avanguardia nel settore informatico.
Tali rappresentazioni (che ovviamente non sono solo verbali, ma comportano la selezione stessa delle notizie da trasmettere, soprattutto all’indomani dell’undici settembre e dell’invasione dell’Iraq) contribuiscono a consolidare i pregiudizi stereotipati all’occhio del pubblico (ovvero che cosa si rappresenta? Guerra, conflitti, tortura, tensione o donne oppresse piuttosto che storia, natura, arte, poesia, interviste con donne giudice/professioniste/intellettuali/artiste ecc.)
Community Interpreting Ethics
No full textThis chapter describes and discusses ethics, and codes of ethics, in Community Interpreting. It briefly discusses the need for and role of ethics in professional communities, mentions the development of Community Interpreting as a profession. It discusses more in detail the codes of ethics for community interpreters (especially Accuracy, Impartiality, Confidentiality) and how and why these tenets should generally be followed
Power behind Discourse and Power in Discourse in Community Interpreting: The Effect of Institutional Power Asymmetry on Interpreter Strategies
Full text linkThis paper assumes that ideology, discourse and power are intimately connected, and that discourse is the mouthpiece of ideology. Power is thus negotiated, manipulated, expressed, rejected and challenged interpersonally through discourse in settings defined by institutional power asymmetry. This paper examines the issue of power as a governing factor in community —and public service interpreting by using Fairclough’s distinction between power behind discourse and power in discourse, that is, hidden power that guides the interpreter’s status and role, guiding the interpreter’s discourse and interpreting strategies. Three categories of institutional relationships are examined: relations between actors in any institutional setting, these same relations in cross-cultural encounters, and these same relations in interpreter-mediated public service encounters. Lastly, the paper discusses power in relation to the interpreter’s role
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