198,999 research outputs found
EUROCleftNet Biobank
No full textThe EUROCleftNet biobank is a repository of biological specimens obtained from families with orofacial cleft. The biobank is for scientific research purpose only, is located at the University of Ferrara, and is managed by Prof. M. Rubini. It includes samples and associated data from a wide number of European countries, including UK, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Slovenia, Hungary, Estonia, Slovakia, and Bulgaria
Giustizia nelle relazioni familiari e sviluppo psicosociale degli adolescenti
No full textDurante l’adolescenza, grazie all’accumularsi di esperienze sociali e all’acquisizione di autonomia nel ragionamento morale gli individui assegnano progressivamente maggiore importanza all’esercizio della giustizia nelle relazioni con gli altri. In particolare, gli adolescenti prestano attenzione alla giustizia esercitata dai genitori. Il presente capitolo espone i risultati di alcune ricerche che, facendo riferimento al modello del valore di gruppo (Tyler, Degoey, e Smith, 1996), hanno indagato le conseguenze della giustizia percepita nel trattamento ricevuto dai genitori per il benessere psicosociale dei figli e per la qualità delle relazioni familiari.
Innanzitutto, i dati raccolti hanno evidenziato che al crescere dell’età corrisponde uno spostamento dell’interesse dalla giustizia distributiva (che comporta, per esempio, l’assegnazione di ricompense e punizioni) alla giustizia relazionale e procedurale. Gli adulti che si relazionano con gli adolescenti adottando un comportamento giusto comunicano ai figli che essi sono persone di valore all’interno del contesto di riferimento. Infatti, questi ultimi si sentono maggiormente rispettati dai genitori, e attribuiscono maggiore importanza alla famiglia per la propria identità sociale (Moscatelli e Roncarati, 2006). Inoltre, la percezione di essere trattati in modo giusto, soprattutto dal punto di vista relazionale, si accompagna a una maggiore volontà di collaborare con i genitori e di accettarne le decisioni (Rubini e Moscatelli, 2011), oltre che a una maggiore apertura comunicativa nei loro confronti (Moscatelli e Rubini, 2011). Infine, è importante sottolineare che è la figura materna ad assumere un ruolo primario nel determinare gli esiti positivi descritti.
Nel complesso, si evidenzia dunque l’importanza dei processi di giustizia in ambito familiare, sia per l’influenza esercitata sulla costruzione del concetto di sé degli adolescenti, compito fondamentale di questa fase della vita, che per la creazione di un clima familiare positivo
Appartenenze sociali multiple e integrazione fra gruppi
No full textIl presente contributo prende in rassegna gli studi relativi alla questione delle appartenenze sociali multiple e della complessità dell’identità sociale, focalizzandosi sulle conseguenze per l’integrazione ed il miglioramento delle relazioni fra gruppi. A tal fine, prendendo in considerazione la prospettiva degli “osservatori” della realtà sociale, saranno esaminati gli studi relativi alla categorizzazione sociale multipla (Crisp, Hewstone e Rubin, 2001; Gaertner e Dovidio, 2000). Successivamente, rivolgendo l’attenzione al punto di vista degli “attori”, discuteremo la teoria della complessità dell’identità sociale (Roccas e Brewer, 2002) ed il rapporto fra identità sociale complessa (ossia, una rappresentazione di diversi ingroup come distinti ma integrati in un’unica identità sociale) e tolleranza verso gruppi etnici diversi dal proprio. Sarà infine illustrata una ricerca da noi condotta (Rubini e Moscatelli, 2006) che esamina il modo in cui le persone strutturano la propria identità sociale in situazioni in cui sono disponibili appartenenze sociali a diversi livelli di inclusività, ed i pattern di favoritismo verso questi ingroup
An outbreak of mumps in a population partially vaccinated with the Rubini strain
No full textSince 1991, 6 years after the recommendation of universal childhood triple vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella (M + M + R), Switzerland has been confronted with an increasing number of mumps cases affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated children. The M + M + R vaccine mainly used in the Swiss population after 1986 contains the highly attenuated Rubini strain of mumps virus. We analysed an outbreak of 102 suspected mumps cases by virus isolation, determination of IgM antibodies to mumps virus in 27 acute phase sera, and verification of vaccination histories. Mumps was confirmed by virus isolation in 88 patients, of whom 72 had previously received the Rubini vaccine strain. IgM antibodies to mumps virus were detected in 24/27 acute phase serum samples. A group of 92 subjects from the same geographic area without signs of mumps virus infection served as controls. IgG antibodies to mumps virus and vaccination status were assessed in these children. The vaccination rate in these controls was 61%, with equal seropositivity for unvaccinated and Rubini-vaccinated subjects. These data support other recent reports which indicate an insufficient protective efficacy of current mumps vaccines
A new method of measure of bubble gas volume shows that interleukin-6 injected into rats has no effect on gas embolism
No full textBondi M, Cavaggioni A, Gasperetti A, Rubini A. A new method of measure of bubble gas volume shows that interleukin-6 injected into rats has no effect on gas embolism. Undersea Hyperb Med 2009 1 36 (2):1031 115. The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 increases in the plasma of rats after an air dive. Interleukin-6 shares both of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may condition the vascular system and gas embolism after an air dive. Up to now it is not known whether interleukin-6 has an effect on gas embolism. Aim of this work is to study the effect of interleukin-6 on gas embolism after a standard decompression protocol in a rat model. The volume of gas bubbles was measured in the heart cavities with a new method based on the buoyancy of the heart at different pressures which is physically sound, accurate and precise down to 10(-4) cm(3). No effect was found after injecting physiological doses of interleukin-6 at different times before the air dive. The mortality of the rats in the first half hour after the decompression was associated with a substantial gas volume measured in the heart. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that the female rats had a higher risk compared to male rats of developing a substantial bubble volume and of not surviving; the spring-summer season was a risk factor for the survival. Further studies are needed to see whether interleukin-6 in association with other cytokines has ail effect on gas embolism
Social Inclusiveness as affected by multiple categorization, social dominance orientation, and prejudice.
No full textDuring adolescence importance of social groups increases (Brown & Larson, 2009; Luyckx et al., 2006) and the development of intergroup attitudes becomes a crucial developmental task (Aboud, 1988). In this respect, adolescence has been considered critical for the development of prejudice (Fishbein, 1996) and changing attitudes towards immigrants (Allport, 1954; Verkuyten & Thijs, 2001). Intergroup attitudes, prejudice, and discrimination all derive from a basic, fundamental social cognitive process that helps the individual to deal with the complexity of social life, that is, social categorization (i.e., the distinction between “us” and “them”; Tajfel & Turner, 1979). Among outgroups, one of the most salient one is that of migrants.
If research suggests that prejudice and tolerance are two different outcomes that are predicted by different processes (e.g., Van Zalk & Kerr, 2014), it is thus important to deeply analyse what promotes social inclusiveness and reduction of prejudice during adolescence. This contribution aims to understand the relation between well-known antecedents and moderators of prejudice--such as the social dominance orientation (i.e., the value that people place on non-egalitarian and hierarchically structured relationships between social groups; Sidanious & Pratto, 1999) and multiple categorization as the ability to recognize others’ multiple belongingness; Crisp & Hewstone, 2007)--prejudice towards migrants, and the development of social inclusiveness (assessed as the tendency to include oneself and others within the common group of human beings; Albarello & Rubini, 2012) during adolescence.
Participants were 304 adolescents (61.84% female; Mage = 17.49, SDage = 0.79) attending secondary high schools in the North-East of Italy. Most of the participants were Italian (95.06%). They were involved in a three-wave longitudinal study, with data collected throughout one academic year, with an interval of three months between measurements. At each point, adolescents completed the same paper-and-pencil questionnaire in their classrooms, during school hours. Study measures included individual’s social dominance orientation (Short Social Dominance Orientation scale; SSDO; Pratto et al., 2013), the extent to which adolescents used simple dimensions versus multiple dimensions of categorization to define the outgroup of migrants (ad hoc multiple categorisation scale), prejudice towards the group of migrants (Classical and Modern Racial Prejudice Scale; CMRPS; Akrami, Ekehammar, & Araya, 2000), and social inclusiveness, assessed as identification with the human group (Human Identification Scale; Albarello & Rubini, 2012).
Results of cross-lagged analyses conducted in Mplus highlighted that social dominance orientation and multiple categorization had opposite effects on prejudice toward migrants: while social dominance increased prejudice, multiple categorization contributed to lessen it. In addition, prejudice mediated the effects of social dominance orientation and multiple categorization on social inclusiveness, revealing the role of negative views of others in shaping social inclusiveness of adolescents. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications, suggesting important directions of study and intervention for promoting inclusive societies
Gruppi Umani e Gruppi Meno Umani: la Deumanizzazione nelle Relazioni Intergruppi
No full textIl contributo considera una forma aggravata di discriminazione sociale, la deumanizzazione ossia la tendenza a considerare i membri dell'outgroup meno umani dei membri dell'ingroup
Outgroup projection: il caso degli stereotipi negativi attribuiti a Rom e Rumeni
No full textQuesto contributo considera il fenomeno dell’outgroup projection, ovvero la tendenza a estendere i contenuti negativi del pregiudizio nei confronti di un sottogruppo minoritario (Rom) al gruppo sovrainclusivo (Rumeni). Lo Studio preliminare 1 esamina la rappresentazione stereotipica di Rom e Rumeni. Un secondo studio preliminare valuta la percezione dei due gruppi rispetto ai predittori del contenuto degli stereotipi. Infine, lo Studio principale considera il più generale processo di proiezione del sottogruppo dei Rom sui Rumeni e il suo legame con il pregiudizio verso i Rumeni. Le evidenze raccolte supportano l’esistenza di tale processo di outgroup projection
Explaining commitment toward the peer group: the role of group membership functions.
No full textPrevious research has clearly shown that peer-groups fulfil a variety of psychosocial functions for their members, and that the importance of these functions is differently underlined by different group typologies (Graziani, Rubini, & Palmonari, 2006). The present study aimed at analysing the relationship between the group membership functions and the behavioural outcomes of group belongingness in different types of adolescent peer-groups. In particular, we hypothesised that the group membership functions have a direct impact on the commitment behaviours toward the ingroup, and that this relation would be mediated by ingroup identification. 556 adolescents, members of sports, religious, political and informal groups, participated in the study by filling in a questionnaire, in which they were asked to rate the importance of eight group membership functions (self-esteem, self-insight and social understanding, ingroup cooperation, intergroup competition, intragroup social comparison, romantic involvement, amusement, and leadership), the degree of ingroup identification and the frequency of ingroup specific commitment behaviours, that is behaviours facilitating the ingroup life. The results showed that the commitment behaviours were influenced by different group membership functions, particularly by “ingroup cooperation” and “self-insight and social understanding”. Moreover, the pattern of the functions explaining the commitment behaviours varied in the different peer-groups considered. Finally, as hypothesised, in all group typologies the relationship between the group membership functions and the commitment behaviours was mediated by ingroup identification. These findings represent an interesting contribution in order to understand the links between adolescents and their groups and the behavioural consequences of identification with one’s own peer-group
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