1,721,015 research outputs found
Innovazione, Conoscenza ed Allocazione dei Diritti di Proprietà Intellettuale nelle Reti di Imprese
No full textOpen Science e Economia della Conoscenza
No full textResearch policies reflect to a great extent a view of the social utility of science as resting in its role as facilitator of economic growth. However, the associated measures - the re-orientation of universities and Public Research Organizations towards serving the training and research support needs of the economy and the pervasive recourse to patenting for public research results - lead, in a context characterized by increasing knowledge privatization, to paradoxical implications. The compression of the Open Science space that originates from them contributes to generating virtuous and vicious circles of accumulation of intellectual property and investment in human capital that have distortionary effects and reduce global investment opportunities, jeopardizing the very growth they mean to promote. A new science policy, global in nature to ensure the internalization of cross-border externalities, is needed to mitigate the increasing imbalances between public and private knowledge and turn economic growth into an attainable objective
Intellectual Property Rights, Technological Regimes and Market Dynamics
No full textThe paper analyzes the question of the adequate provision of incentives to innovate, identifying relevant trade-offs and highlighting new developments especially as regards intellectual property protection. The paper concludes in favour of technology-specific tailoring of incentives to innovate, by looking particularly at the life sciences and software sectors
Platform-mediated reputation systems in the sharing economy and incentives to provide service quality: the case of ridesharing services
Full text linkSharing economy platforms often use reputation systems to actively perform a ‘regulatory’/control role, by excluding from access to the platform users with ratings below a given threshold. We provide a multiple case study analysis of 9 platforms and investigate through a simple inter-temporal choice model the effect of the design of this specific application of online rating systems on users/providers’ incentives to ensure a high level of service quality. Compliance with the platform’s behavioural rules is imperfect even with perfect reviews and even if riders cannot switch across platforms. It can be increased by linking remuneration to performance and by increasing the opportunity cost of reintegrating the endowment of reputation, also by influencing providers’ perception of the magnitude of this cost. Thus, there may be an efficiency rationale for the controversial choice to willingly preserve riders’ uncertainty as to the operation of the algorithm and for portability of reputation
Spectrum Crunch vs. Spectrum Sharing: Exploring the 'Authorised Shared Access' Model
No full textThis paper provides an overview of a recently proposed spectrum sharing model – ‘Authorized Shared Access’ or ‘Licensed Shared Access’ (ASA/LSA) – and compares it to other sharing models in order to outline its distinctive features and fields of application. The main feature of this new concept is to allow sharing among a limited number of licensees with guaranteed, but shared, spectrum usage rights so as to achieve a comparable quality of transmission as in the case of exclusive individual usage rights to all sharing parties. For this reason, the ASA model is able to support both large-scale and small-scale investments in spectrum-hungry technologies. We conclude that LSA/ASA is a promising new model that, absent ‘one-size-fits-all’ spectrum management solutions, may provide a valuable tool, complementary to other existing and developing tools, to face the spectrum crunch challenge and to meet the Digital Agenda purposes
Spectrum Crunch vs. Spectrum Sharing: Exploring the 'Authorised Shared Access' Model
No full textThis paper provides an overview of a recently proposed spectrum sharing model -- 'Authorized Shared Access' or 'Licensed Shared Access' (ASA/LSA) -- and compares it to other sharing models in order to outline its distinctive features and fields of application. The main feature of this new concept is to allow sharing among a limited number of licensees with guaranteed, but shared, spectrum usage rights so as to achieve a comparable quality of transmission as in the case of exclusive individual usage rights to all sharing parties. For this reason, the ASA model is able to support both large-scale and small-scale investments in spectrum-hungry technologies. We conclude that LSA/ASA is a promising new model that, absent 'one-size-fits-all' spectrum management solutions, may provide a valuable tool, complementary to other existing and developing tools, to face the spectrum crunch challenge and to meet the Digital Agenda purposes
Access to Audio-visual Contents, Exclusivity and Anticommons in New Media Markets
No full textMedia markets are characterized by strong peculiarities that often call for long-term exclusivity contracts between content providers and distributors or for vertical or horizontal integration. This paper analyzes and compares the economic effects of existing alternative systems of access to valuable content for new media platforms, under the lens of technological convergence and ‘network neutrality’. The analysis suggests the increasing need for a coordinated regulatory framework aimed at balancing costs and benefits of the different models in order to ensure that the development of new markets and new technologies in the age of media convergence is not hindered by “anticommons” tragedies.
The Crash of the Knowledge Economy
No full textThis paper advances the hypothesis that some of the roots of the present crisis are to be found in the present institutions of the knowledge economy. While protectionism is seen as a possible dangerous outcome of the crisis, the extent of protectionism inherent to the strengthening and globalisation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) associated, in particular, with the signing of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement is not generally perceived as one of its possible causes. Indeed, IPRs have acted as ‘super-tariffs’. They have particularly raised the cost of investments for countries that had neither abundant cheap labour nor high amounts of intellectual property resources. Moreover, IPRs may have later exerted negative effects even on IP-rich firms, as the proliferation of conflicting rights has led firms to increasingly inhibit each other’s investments. The resulting investment strike has manifested itself as a saving glut and has mainly affected the USA in a situation aggravated by inadequate regulations. If intellectual monopolies are one of the causes of the crash, the remedies should not only focus on monetary policy, financial regulations or even on standard Keynesian policies. Aggregate demand stimulus should be coupled with policies that decrease the level of intellectual monopolisation of the economy
Italian Case Study
No full textA trend toward decentralisation has meant that sub-national governments increasingly find themselves responsible for providing a host of public goods and services. Rarely, however, can they "go it alone". Co-ordination among levels of government is imperative. This book offers a unique analytic framework for assessing multi-level governance arrangements, which is subsequently applied to five case studies of regional development policy: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. The book reveals the importance of contractual arrangements for customised management of interdependencies, for clarifying responsibilities among actors, for dialogue, and for learning. © OECD 2007
“Strumenti alternativi per il finanziamento delle infrastrutture: il caso dei fondi infrastrutturali”
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