1,720,997 research outputs found
Elementary Facts about Immigration in Italy: What Do We Know about Immigration and Its Impact?
Full text linkIn the recent past, in Italy, immigration has been at the centre of academic and policy debates. Nonetheless, the still growing literature has focused mainly on the experience of old settlement countries and has mainly looked at single aspects of the phenomenon. In order to guide effective policy intervention, we offer an exhaustive view of immigration in Italy. We combine the presentation of stylized facts from available data, based on descriptive analyses, with a review of existing studies. Our conclusions tell that evidence available for Italy does not match the policy relevance of an issue that has been dominating the public debate in the last years and also identify areas where solid evidence or analysis is needed
Immigrant supply of marketable child care and native fertility in Italy
Full text linkThe availability of child-care services has often been advocated as one of the instruments to counter the fertility decline observed in many high-income countries. In the recent past large inflows of low-skilled migrants have substantially increased the supply of child-care services. In this paper we examine if immigration has actually affected fertility exploiting the natural experiment occurred in Italy in 2007, when a large inflow of migrants – many of them specialized in the supply of child care – arrived unexpectedly. With a difference- in-differences method, we show that immigrant female workers have increased native births by a number that ranges roughly from 2 to 4 per cent. We validate our result by the implementation of an instrumental variable approach and several robustness tests, all concluding that the increase in the supply of child-care services by immigrant women has positively affected native fertility
Refugee-host proximity and market creation in Uganda
Full text linkUganda currently hosts more than 1.4 million refugees and the relationship with the host population is complex. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the interactions between refugee and host-communities by using a unique dataset and by exploring a broad range of economic outcomes – such as employment opportunities, sources of income, agriculture production, and enterprises. We use the distance between refugee and host communities to measure the degree of interaction. To deal with potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable approach and carry out several robustness tests. We find positive effects on individual participation in paid employment and on household wage income. Discarding the role of assistance, we suggest that these positive effects can be driven by refugees’ economic activities. However, the market creation is localized
Gains from Variety: Refugee-Host Interactions in Uganda
No full textRefugees are mainly hosted in low-income countries, where they often remain for a long time.
Therefore, it is important to assess how they integrate with the local economy and to what extent their
presence can contribute to the transition to a more dynamic economic environment. Proximity
between refugees and hosts might improve the welfare of both groups by increasing opportunities for
mutually beneficial economic exchanges. In particular, welfare gains might be generated through the
availability of a greater variety of commodities.
In this paper we propose a theoretical model that uses the love for variety to frame the possible
benefits arising from the interaction between hosts and refugees facilitated by geographical
proximity. We complement the conceptual framework with an empirical analysis that makes use of a
unique dataset covering around 80% of the refugee population living in Ugandan settlements and the
adjoining host households.
The empirical results show that proximity between groups increases the food expenditure and the
variety of food consumption of both groups. We also found that exposition to inter-group interactions
rises the non-food expenditure, and the probability to run a farm and a non-farm enterprise by refugee
households, while hosts are not crowding out from production
Intergenerational transfers, and public pensions in a non altruistic setting: A public choice model
No full textThe paper presents a model based on non-altruistic individuals, where middle aged and old individuals influence the decisions about public social security system. This is an alternative or a complement to private intergenerational transfers. Fertility is endogenous, as children are seen as an assets in the process of transferring resources to old age by the network of intergenerational intrafamily transfers. Expectations about the Government social security budget balance play a crucial role. We also present some empirical estimates of the fertility and pension 'demand' function for some developed countries. It emerges that both can be treated as endogenous, and the results are coherent with the theory
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