1,720,998 research outputs found
Pension impact on fertility and household saving: a comparative study of Britain, Hungary and Italy
No full textGlobalisation and the death of distance in social preferences ad inequity aversion: mpirical evidence from a pilot study on fair trade consumers
Full text linkWe analyze behaviour and motivations of a sample of about one thousand consumers purchasing “fair trade (FT) goods”, i. e. food and artisan goods which include socially responsible (SR) characteristics and (generally) a price premium for primary product producers with respect to equivalent non SR products. By estimating a simultaneous two-equation treatment regression model we find that FT products have less then unit income elasticity and their demand is negatively (positively) correlated with geographical distance from the nearest shop (age and awareness of SR criteria). Awareness of SR criteria depends in turn from a series of conditioning factors (consumption habits, membership of volunteer associations) which indirectly (via increased awareness) significantly affect consumption. We also measure consumers’ willingness to pay an extra amount just for the SR features of FT products (a direct measure of consumers social preferences when controlled for factors measuring specific pros and cons of FT products) and find that it is positively correlated with awareness of SR criteria
Does promoting school attendance reduce child labor? Evidence from Burkina Faso's BRIGHT project
No full textUsing data from BRIGHT, an integrated program that aims to improve school participation in rural communities in Burkina Faso, we investigate the impact of school subsidies and increased access to education on child work. Regression discontinuity estimates demonstrate that, while BRIGHT substantially improved school participation, it did not reduce - in fact may have increased - children's participation in economic activities and household chores. This combination of increased school participation and work can be explained by the introduction of a simple non-convexity in the standard model of altruistic utility maximizing households. If education programs are implemented to achieve a combination of increased school participation and a reduction in child work they may either have to be combined with different interventions that effectively reduce child work or they may have to be tuned more carefully to the incentives and constraints the child laborer face
Cash Transfers and Child Labor
No full textCash transfer programs are widely used in settings where child labor is prevalent. Although many of these programs are explicitly implemented to improve children's welfare, in theory their impact on child labor is undetermined. This paper systematically reviews the empirical evidence on the impact of cash transfers, conditional and unconditional, on child labor. We find no evidence that cash transfer interventions increase child labor in practice. On the contrary, there is broad evidence that conditional and unconditional cash transfers lower both children's participation in child labor and their hours worked and that these transfers cushion the effect of economic shocks that may lead households to use child labor as a coping strategy. Boys experience particularly strong decreases in economic activities, whereas girls experience such decreases in household chores. Our findings underline the usefulness of cash transfers as a relatively safe policy instrument to improve child welfare but also point to knowledge gaps, for instance regarding the interplay between cash transfers and other interventions, that should be addressed in future evaluations to provide detailed policy advic
The Impact of Cash Transfer Programmes on Youth and Adult Labour Supply: Evidence from Lesotho and the Philippines
No full textChild labour in Vietnam
No full textThe paper tests the explanatory power of a theoretical model of household decisions about child labour and school enrolment and analyses the determinants of child labour in Vietnam, a country that is experiencing a rapid transition toward a market economy. The theoretical framework, used as a benchmark, is in the spirit of the 'new household' economics and links household decisions about schooling and child labour to intergenerational altruism and to human capital investment. On this basis, we analyse the evolution and determinants of child labour using two household surveys (1993 and 1998) for Vietnam
Children's working hours and school enrollment: evidence from Pakistan and Nicaragua
Full text linkWe analyse the determinants of school attendance and hours worked by children in Pakistan and Nicaragua. On the basis of a theoretical model of children's labour supply, we simultaneously estimate the school attendance decision and the hours worked by Full Model Maximum Likelihood. We analyse the marginal effects of explanatory variables conditioning on the "latent" status of children in terms of schooling and work. We show that these effects are rather different, and discuss the policy implication of this finding
Industrial Structure and Child Labor Evidence from the Brazilian Population Census
Full text linkThis paper uses micro data from the 1980, 1991, and 2000 population censuses to investigate the role of changes in the industry mix in accounting for the differential trends in the incidence of child work (ages 10–15) across Brazilian states. We find that exogenous compositional changes account for around 20% of the observed fall in child employment in rural areas.
Household vulnerability and child labor: the effect of shocks, credit rationing, and insurance
No full textChild labor, Education, Credit rationing, Shocks, D1, O1,
Global social preferences and the demand for socially responsible products: empirical evidence from a pilot study on fair trade consumers
Full text linkWe analyse behaviour and motivations of a sample of about 1,000 consumers purchasing 'fair trade (FT) goods', i.e. food and artisan goods which include socially responsible (SR) characteristics and a price premium for primary product producers with respect to equivalent non-FT products. By estimating a simultaneous two-equation treatment effect model we find that FT products have less than unit of income elasticity and their demand is negatively (positively) correlated with geographical distance from the nearest shop (age and awareness of SR criteria). Awareness of SR criteria depends, in turn, on a series of factors (consumption habits, membership of volunteer associations) which, indirectly (via increased awareness), significantly affect consumption. We also measure consumers' willingness to pay in excess for the SR features of FT products with a contingent evaluation approach and find that it is positively correlated with awareness of SR criteri
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