24,929 research outputs found
Immature stages of Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): developmental parameters and host plants
No full textABSTRACT. The goal of this study was to detail the temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) and to gather information about their larval host plants. Larvae were reared on artificial diet and under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photophase). The viability of eggs, larvae (pre-pupae period inclusive) and pupae were 98.97, 97.33, 97.95 and 94.76%, respectively. The average duration of egg, larval, pre-pupal and pupal stages was 3.82, 19.24, 3.20 and 14.81 days, respectively. A small proportion of females (9.48%) passed through seven instars, and female development was significantly slower than male development. The female larvae that developed through six and seven instars exhibited a mean growth rate of 1.63 and 1.49, respectively. Overall, female pupae were significantly larger, exhibiting slower development than males. One hundred and twenty six plants belonging to 40 families are listed as hosts of S. cosmioides, mainly including Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae
Biological aspects of Tiracola grandirena (Herrich-Schaffer, 1868) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): a polyphagous armyworm.
No full textWe studied the biology of Tiracola grandirena (Herrich-Schäffer, 1868) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae) at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hours of photo phase. Three experiments, using 150 larvae each, were conducted for the larval stage. In the first, used to assess the duration and survival of all stages, insects were reared individually and fed an artificial diet (Grenee). In the second, individuals were also reared separately, but were fed leaves of 10 plants from different families. In the third, the larvae were not individualised, the food plants were rotated such as to provide three plant species every 48 hours. In the first experiment, the viability of the eggs, larvae, pupae and prepupae was 91.9, 94.7, 32.49 and 43.5%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larvae, prepupae, pupae and adult were 6.0, 25.3, 25.7, 21.4 and 12.7 days, respectively. The prolonged prepupal period indicates that T. grandirena can develop larval (prepupal) diapause. The results of the experiments with different host plants showed that T. grandirena is polyphagous at species, population and individual level
Feltia submontana (Noctuidae, Noctuinae): Redescription, Taxonomy, Life Cycle, and Spatial Distribution of a Neglected South American Potential Pest Species
No full textFeltia submontana (Köhler, 1961) is redescribed based on specimens from Northwestern Argentina and Central and Southeastern Brazil. Taxonomic comments, photographs of the adults, characters of taxonomic importance, and illustrations of structures of the labial palpus, legs, and male and female genitalia are provided. The species is compared with similar-looking and supposedly closely related species, such as F. hispidula (Guenée, 1852) and F. lilacina (Zerny, 1916). The species, originally described for Argentina, is reported for Brazil for the first time. Most Brazilian specimens come from the “Cerrado” but also from Southeastern Atlantic Forests. The life cycle of F. submontana specimens collected in Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil, is described; the species probably has only a single generation per year and imagines are on the wing in the late autumn and early winter months; the last instar prepupa and pupa pass through aestival diapause. The abundance of F. submontana relative to other species of Agrotis Ochsenheimer, 1816, and Feltia Walker, 1856, in the above-cited locality is accessed through 4 years of standardized collecting with light trap; the species is the second most abundant species of these genera in the area, with about one fifth of the captures, second only to A. ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766), with about two thirds of the captures, and about two times more abundant than F. subterranea (Fabricius, 1794); the latter two are regarded as important pest species in South America.Fil: Dias, Fernando Maia Silva. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Specht, A. Embrapa Cerrados. Laboratório de Entomologia; BrasilFil: Roque Specht, V. F.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: San Blas, Diego German. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Casagrande, M. M.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Mielke, O. H. H.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasi
Spatio-temporal variation of Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) populations in Brazil according to meteorological factors.
No full textResumo: Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) tem sido reconhecida como uma das principais espécies consumidoras de gramíneas em todo o continente americano. Durante os surtos, as lagartas são capazes de consumir completamente os hospedeiros preferenciais (gramíneas) e, quando os hospedeiros preferenciais são destruídos, podem mover-se para plantas adjacentes não gramíneas e causar danos semelhantes. Variáveis meteorológicas, como temperatura e umidade, são conhecidas por afetar o desenvolvimento e a abundância de suas populações. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever e comparar a distribuição espaço-temporal de M. latipes em diferentes localidades do Brasil e avaliar a influência de variáveis meteorológicas sobre suas variações temporais. Foram avaliados 12 locais, em cada ponto de coleta foram instaladas armadilhas luminosas próximas às áreas de cultivo. Para entender a influência das variáveis meteorológicas na abundância de M. latipes, os dados foram analisados pelo Modelo Linear Generalizado, empregando a regressão de Poisson. Uma regressão linear tambémfoi utilizada para verificar a relação entre a abundância e a latitude. Um total de 1.985 mariposas foram coletadas. Os maiores números de indivíduos foram coletados nos biomas Amazônia e Cerrado. Os resultados mostram que a abundância de mariposas está inversamente relacionada ao aumento da latitude. A análise de regressão de Poisson indicou que as principais variáveis meteorológicas foram significativamente relacionadas à abundância em cada local. Este estudo mostra que devido à preferência por gramíneas em estado vegetativo e às altas exigências de temperatura (30°C), M. latipes é uma espécie importante em regiões quentes, especialmente nas épocas de maior umidade. Além disso, mesmo em latitudes elevadas, durante os meses de verão, as populações podem aumentar rapidamente, podendo causar danos econômicos
Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil: spatial distribution and relationship in the S. latifascia species group.
No full textSpodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) is an economically relevant polyphagous moth, widely distributed in the Neotropics and part of the Spodoptera latifascia (Walker, 1856) species group. In this study, we used extensive sampling from different regions to describe the spatial distribution of S. cosmioides in Brazil and evaluate its variability both from morphological and molecular perspectives. Variable coloration and several morphological similarities were found among S. cosmioides and congeners of the S. latifascia complex, diverging from each 0.5 to 3.5% of mitochondrial DNA. The genetic divergence at the species level of S. cosmioides was 0.5% throughout Brazil, and a geographic structure was absent, including shared haplotypes with S. descoinsi Lalanne-Cassou & Silvain, 1994. Spodoptera cosmioides was found in all six biomes of Brazil, with the highest abundance recorded in the Cerrado, followed by the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, Caatinga, Pantanal, and Pampa
Suicide attempts by male and female adolescents. Results from a population treated in a clinic of child and adolescent psychiatry over a period of 10 years
No full textObjective: This study examines the way in which suicide attempts differ between male and female adolescents. Methods: The characteristics of 173 female and 62 male adolescents who were treated at a clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry over a period of 10 years were investigated. Results: Suicide attempts by adolescents in the patient population did not decrease in accordance with suicides in the same age-group among the general population, Male adolescents more often attempted suicide in a place where they were less likely to be discovered, but did not use a "harsher" method than female adolescents. The diagnosis rendered according to ICD-10 in 36% of cases was not always typical for the respective sex. Conclusions: The ways in which adolescents attempt suicide have clearly changed over the past years. Diagnoses that are untypical for the respective sex may represent a risk factor
Repeated suicide attempts by children and adolescents results of a retrospective study
No full textChildren and adolescents who had attempted suicide once are at higher risk for further suicide attempts. In order to better identify those likely to make a further suicide attempt, they were compared at the time of their first suicide attempt with those who had only attempted suicide once. The details of all children and adolescents who had attempted suicide and been treated as inpatients or outpatients in the University Hospital in Gottingen, Germany, over a 10-year period were collected by file-analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics, stresses that preceded the suicide attempts and the chosen methods of attempted suicide were ascertained. 55 male and 116 female subjects had attempted suicide once, 77 male and 79 female subjects had attempted suicide more than once. Those with repeated suicide attempts were younger at the time of their first suicide attempt at 14 years and eight months, than those who did not make a repeat attempt, at 15 years and 7 months. Male repeaters more often experienced conflicts with their parents. Female repeaters were suffering more from emotional or chronic physical diseases and more often drank alcohol in connection with their first suicide attempt. Paediatricians, who are often the first to be confronted with suicide attempts by young people, should work towards providing psychotherapeutic support especially for children and younger adolescents with the particular stresses described
Biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the laboratory
No full textBiotic potential and reprodutcive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in the laboratory: This study aimed to evaluate the biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photophase). The longevity, pre-, post- and oviposition periods, fecundity and fertility of 15 couples was evaluated. The longevity of females (10.80 days) was not significantly higher than those of males (9.27 days). The mean durations of the pre, post and oviposition periods were 2.067, 0.600 and 8.133 days, respectively. The mean fecundity per female was 1,398 eggs and the mean fertility was 1,367.50 larvae. On average, females copulated 1.133 times. A strong positive correlation was observed between the number of mating and fecundity (r = 0.881, P <0.001). However a strong negative correlation was observed between the number of copulations and the duration of the pre-oviposition period (r = -0.826, P = 0.002) and longevity (r = -0.823, P = 0.001). The biotic potential of S. eridania was estimated at 1.894 x 1025 individuals/female/year. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was 560.531 times per generation and the mean generation time (T) was 35.807 days. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.177, with a finite rate of increase (l) of 1.193, per week
Estudos de cartographia antiga
No full textA data en prelim. : "1431-1931, a publicaçao d`este trabalho celebra o V centenario da abertura do caminho equatorial das Americas, realisada por Frei Gonçalo Velho, em 1431"AntepVol.1 : [88] f. de lám., [8] f. de lám. preg. Vol.2 : [25] f. de lám., [15] f. de lám. pregAs f. de lám. na oficina ... dos sres. Alfredo Roque & C.a, successores de Pires Marinh
Jordan algebras of a degenerate bilinear form: Specht property and their identities
No full textLet K be a field and let Jn,k be the Jordan algebra of a degenerate symmetric bilinear form b of rank n - k over K. Then one can consider the decomposition Jn,k = Bn-k (R) Dk, where Bn-k represents the corresponding Jordan algebra, denoted as Bn-k = K (R) V. In this algebra, the restriction of b on the (n - k)-dimensional subspace V is non-degenerate, while Dk accounts for the degenerate part of Jn,k. This paper aims to provide necessary and sufficient conditions to check if a given multilinear polynomial is an identity for Jn,k. As a consequence of this result and under certain hypothesis on the base field, we exhibit a finite basis for the T-ideal of polynomial identities of Jn,k. Over a field of characteristic zero, we also prove that the ideal of identities of Jn,k satisfies the Specht property. Moreover, similar results are obtained for weak identities, trace identities and graded identities with a suitable Z2-grading as well. In all of these cases, we employ methods and results from Invariant Theory. Finally, as a consequence from the trace case, we provide a counterexample to the embedding problem given in [8] in case of infinite dimensional Jordan algebras with trace
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