1,721,000 research outputs found
Location models of European manufacturing industry: recent changes and perspectives
No full textThe objective of the paper is that of providing a framework both for theoretical and empirical
literature in order to describe and assess the main changes in location patterns for manufacturing
industry in Europe in the last decades. The idea is that of investigating whether economic
structures on countries are becoming or not more similar and what are the underlying forces
beyond increasing (or decreasing) spatial concentration. Location patterns are analyzed for the
whole manufacturing industry but also for its specific industries. Both absolute and relative
measures are usually considered. More recent works considering regional data confirm
deagglomeration of employment that combined with agglomeration o value added suggest
concentration of high value added functions in some core regions and specialization in routine
tasks in peripheral areas
Un modello di evoluzione regionale basato sulla mobilità di imprese e lavoratori, applicato al caso italiano
No full textEconomic evaluation of child maltreatment: a critical survey
No full textChild maltreatment (CM) is unfortunately a widespread phenomenonwith pervasive and remarkable effects not only on the psychological, social growth of children, but also on the economic side, because of a wide range ofdirect and indirect health costs and productivity losses for the society. The paper intends to offer a survey of the existing studies on economic evaluation of CM, quite few at the moment and with very differentiated results in terms of used methodology, definition and underestimation of the costs, comparability of the studies at international level. Resources are completely absorbed by protective rather than preventive services, and this reveals a poor attention for economic savings by policy makers and researchers in general. Therefore, expanding knowledge on the cost-benefit analysis applied to CM programs is critical in stimulating further research and investment in this field
Localizzazione ed economie marshalliane: un test di verifica empirica per l'Italia
No full textThe objective of the work is that of testing empirically the hypothesis that firms cluster together in economic space, due to Marshallian localization economies. According to this hypothesis changes in employment in localized industries should be more closely related to within cities than across cities. The data used are six monthly employment data of the metal working industry and the precision machinery, from 1985 to 1994. The geographic units are the Italian provinces, and four have been chosen on the major presence of this kind of industry. Different empirical tests show that Marshallian economies exist and influence the localization choice of firms, especially of the footloose industry whose relocalization could have relevant effects in the process of convergence within the European Union
Regional specialization and industry location in Europe: the possible patterns of core and periphery
No full textBuilding on the most relevant and recent contribution in economic geography theory, panel data estimates are produced from a dataset relative to local units and employment of 18 manufacturing sectors for 140 European regions, with the aim of verifying existing patterns of localization and industrial specialization across Europe and discriminate across factors those presumed to affect localization of economic activity. Coupled with the descriptive analysis the results suggest a scenario that can be summarized as follows: economies of scale and agglomeration economies have a significant impact on concentration and more specifically both factors exert a strong and positive influence in the case of central regions, while a negative relationship between concentration and agglomeration economies comes out for the peripheral ones, second, regional specialization is found to be very much dependent from income, economies of scale in sectors present in the region, and transport costs; third it is not possible to state univocally that core and periphery patterns exist in industry localization: each macroarea exhibits a typical behavior, but some similarities emerge, so that the most concentrated sectors are both in the central and in the peripheral regions high-tech sectors, and traditional sectors are those designated to catch up the most in localization. The main findings are in line with the recently developed approaches of economic geography
The use of cost-sharing to control demand and the implications for equity: some theoretical and empirical evidence for Italy
No full textThe existence of barriers to access to health care depends in the complex interaction of supply and demand-side factors, and both these factors will determine the extent to which access is equitable, based on the principle of equal utilization for equal need. Among these barriers we have cost-sharing that represents a well established tool to control demand, in many OECD countries. Many contributions in literature highlight arguments pro and against user charges: on one side, advocates of them claim that they can reduce demand by encouraging a more responsible use of health services, and raise revenue to sustain and expand the provision of health care, on the other side there is some evidence suggesting that they have a detrimental effect on the utilization of health services, and by extension on health status.
The aim of the paper is to assess the extent to which the imposition of statutory user charges deter individuals from using health services and whether they result in health care systems characterized by unequal utilization for equal need. A special attention is given to the case of Italy, where tickets rules have been piling up in recent years, we do have some evidence of inequity of access and a stronger regional autonomy due to the process of federalism could exacerbate local disparities in access to essential assistance level. Can tickets have a positive role in this scenario? A moderate level, coupled with right exemption schemes seems to induce positive effects for equity, with the possibility of widening the range of health services within the public coverage and preserving the distributional function of the national health system
The use of cost-sharing to control demand and the implications for equity: some theoretical and empirical evidence for Italy
No full textThe existence of barriers to access to health care depends in the complex interaction of supply and demand-side factors, and both these factors will determine the extent to which access is equitable, based on the principle of equal utilization for equal need. Among these barriers we have cost-sharing that represents a well established tool to control demand, in many OECD countries. Many contributions in literature highlight arguments pro and against user charges: on one side, advocates of them claim that they can reduce demand by encouraging a more responsible use of health services, and raise revenue to sustain and expand the provision of health care, on the other side there is some evidence suggesting that they have a detrimental effect on the utilization of health services, and by extension on health status.
The aim of the paper is to assess the extent to which the imposition of statutory user charges deter individuals from using health services and whether they result in health care systems characterized by unequal utilization for equal need. A special attention is given to the case of Italy, where tickets rules have been piling up in recent years, we do have some evidence of inequity of access and a stronger regional autonomy due to the process of federalism could exacerbate local disparities in access to essential assistance level. Can tickets have a positive role in this scenario? A moderate level, coupled with right exemption schemes seems to induce positive effects for equity, with the possibility of widening the range of health services within the public coverage and preserving the distributional function of the national health system
Mobilità di imprese e lavoratori tra le regioni italiane
No full textL’obiettivo del lavoro è quello di verificare il meccanismo macroeconomico d’aggiustamento tra le regioni in seguito a shock negativi della domanda di lavoro, con l’analisi delle risposte d’impulso di un sistema log-lineare di un modello basato sulla mobilità delle imprese e dei lavoratori. Questo sia perché le regioni italiane hanno mostrato tassi di crescita dell’occupazione e andamenti dell’occupazione alquanto diversificati nell’ultimo trentennio, ed inoltre per la rilevanza che tale meccanismo può assumere nell’ambito del mercato unico. Il risultato fondamentale he si ottiene è quello di emigrazione di lavoratori dalla regione colpita dallo shock provocata da variazioni della disoccupazione piuttosto che del salario reale: l’effetto pressoché nulle che i differenziali salariali hanno sulla mobilità di lavoratori è consistente con l’ipotesi di mancata convergenza del reddito pro-capite tra l regioni italiane. Uno shock negativo all’occupazione ha un effetto permanente sul numero di imprese operative; questo combinato con il risultato che l’aggiustamento dei salari ammortizza solo debolmente la risposta dell’occupazione, appoggia l’idea che i salari abbiano un effetto molto limitato nell’indurre le imprese a creare nuovi posti di lavoro o a spostarsi in quella regione
"La regolazione dei prezzi delle imprese postali tramite price-cap : una valutazione”
No full textSeminario di lavoro del 8-6-1998 su: Il price cap nella regolamentazione dei servizi postali, Quaderno di Economia e Finanza della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli studi di Urbin
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