1,720,991 research outputs found
Root surface morphologic changes after focused vs. defocused CO2 laser irradiation. A SEM analysis.
No full textBACKGROUND:
Many studies have observed damages to root surfaces treated by CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam. The morphologic changes observed were always associated with temperature increase induced by high energy release.
METHODS:
The purpose of this study was to analyze by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the effects of CO2 laser in 2 different modes on root surfaces. Study samples consisted of 30 extracted single-rooted periodontally compromised human teeth. Root specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group A (12) treated with CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam of 0.8 mm; group B (12) treated with CO2 laser in pulsed mode with defocused beam of 4 mm; and group C (6), untreated controls.
RESULTS:
Group A (continuous mode) showed severe damages to dentin surfaces such as craters and fissures. Group B (defocused mode) did not result in any damages to the root surfaces, showing flat and smooth surfaces with apparent fusion of the smear layer and dentinal tubules almost completely sealed. The untreated control group was characterized by irregular and amorphous surfaces with several shallow depressions.
CONCLUSIONS:
Although both laser modes resulted in changes to the treated root surface specimens, the changes resulting in a smooth surface from use of defocused pulsed beam may present an advantage in periodontal treatment
Histologic and histomorphometric findings from retrieved, immediately occlusally loaded implants in humans
No full textSialolithiasis of the submandibular salivary gland treated with the 810- to 830-nm diode laser.
No full textObjective: Surgical management of salivary gland diseases has always been challenging because it carries a considerable risk of nerve damage. This study evaluates an innovative ambulatory laser-aided technique that may be an alternative to traditional treatment, and presents our 5-y experience of salivary gland excision. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five submandibular salivary gland excisions were performed with an 810- to 830-nm diode laser. The diagnosis was sialolithiasis with stones in the salivary gland duct above the glandular hilum. A 320-μm flexible delivery fiber was used in continuous wave mode at 2.5 W power. The procedure consisted of locating the stone, isolating the duct from the surrounding tissues, introducing a button probe, ductal incision above the stone, sialolithotomy, and checking duct patency. Results: The overall success rate was 92%. The largest stone removed was 4.5 cm in size. In 1 patient (4%), an additional undetected stone was diagnosed by endoscopy after removal of the stone from the duct, and in 1 patient (4%), synechiae formed in the duct during healing and duct patency had to be restored with a probe. We had no cases of transient palsy or paresis of the mandibular branch of the facial or lingual nerves. Conclusion: Use of the 810-nm laser is safe for this type of surgical procedure, carries a low complication rate, and is a valid alternative to traditional surgery. It is indicated as the procedure of choice in cases of stones located in the duct above the kink leading into the mylohyoid muscle, and above the glandular hilum
Treatment of hemangioma of the head and neck with diode laser and forced dehydration with induced photocoagulation.
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of treating oral hemangiomas using forced dehydration with induced photocoagulation (FDIP) via diode laser. Methods: One-hundred sixty patients were treated between 1999 and 2006 (76 men, 46%; 84 women, 54%). In 136 cases we used FDIP to treat hemangioma, and in 24 cases complete surgical excision was performed. One-hundred thirty-four lesions had a surface area <2 × 2 cm 2, whereas only two had large lesions measuring 2.5 × 2 cm 2. Results: In 136 patients with hemangiomas treated with FDIP, 134 cases (98.53%) showed complete remission, one case (0.735%) did not show complete remission, and one case (0.735%) displayed tumor growth. There were no adverse effects and all patients were carefully followed-up until complete healing was documented, along with any complications. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that FDIP is a useful and effective treatment for benign oral vascular lesions. FDIP treatment of these oral lesions is clinically significant because it provides effective management, avoids recurrence, and shortens healing time. We believe that the use of this method by medical and dental specialists should be supported
Immediate versus delayed loading of dental implants placed in fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary esthetic zone: a clinical comparative study
No full textPURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to report a clinical comparative assessment of crestal bone level change around single implants in fresh extraction sockets in the esthetic zone of the maxilla either immediately loaded or loaded after a delay.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Forty patients were included in a prospective, randomized study. All patients required 1 tooth extraction (ie, 1 tooth with a hopeless prognosis) and were randomized into either the test group or the control group. Implants were positioned immediately after tooth extraction and were loaded immediately in the test group (20 implants) and after 3 months in the control group (20 implants). The implant site was prepared, with at least 4 mm of sound apical bone below the implant apex, and the coronal margin of the implant was placed at the buccal level of the bone crest. All implants were 13 mm long; 30 implants had a diameter of 5 mm, and 10 had a diameter of 3.75 mm. Radiographic examinations were made at baseline, at 6 months, and at 24 months. To compare the mean values between test and control group, a paired t test was performed (considered statistically significant at P < .05).
RESULTS:
After a 24-month follow-up period, a cumulative survival rate of 100% was reported for all implants. The control group resulted in a mean mesial bone loss of 1.16 +/- 0.32 mm and a mean distal bone loss of 1.17 +/- 0.41 (mean bone loss, 1.16 +/- 0.51 mm). The test group resulted in a mesial bone loss of 0.93 +/- 0.51 mm and a distal bone loss of 1.1 +/- 0.27 mm (mean bone loss, 1.02 +/- 0.53 mm). No statistically significant difference between control and test groups (P > .05) was found.
CONCLUSION:
The success rate and radiographic results of immediate restorations of dental implants placed in fresh extraction sockets were comparable to those obtained in delayed loading group
Effects of Er:YAG laser and ultrasonic treatment on fibroblast attachment to root surfaces: an in vitro study
No full textBACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser and ultrasonic treatment on fibroblast attachment to periodontally diseased root surfaces.
METHODS:
Thirty single-rooted human periodontally involved teeth were included in this study. A total of 60 specimens were obtained from all selected teeth and were randomly assigned to the following three groups: group A, untreated control group; group B, ultrasonic group; and group C, Er:YAG laser at 160 mJ/pulse at 10 Hz group. All of the specimens were incubated in petri dishes with fibroblast suspension and observed by scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS:
Laser-treated specimens showed a significantly higher cell density number, with a mean+/-SD of 3,720+/-316 cells/mm2. The ultrasonically treated group showed a lower cell density number, with a mean+/-SD of 658+/-140 cells/mm2. The untreated control group showed the lowest cell density number, with a mean+/-SD of 130+/-80 cells/mm2. Differences between all groups were significant (P<0.0001).
CONCLUSION:
The results of the study indicate that untreated control surfaces and ultrasonically treated surfaces exhibited a significantly lower number of attached cells compared to laser-treated specimens, which showed a significantly higher cell density number
Root surface morphological changes after focused versus defocused CO2 laser irradiation: a scanning electron microscopy analysis
No full textAbstract: Background: Many studies have observed damages to root surfaces treated by CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam. The morphologic changes observed were always associated with temperature increase induced by high energy release.
Methods: The purpose of this study was to analyze by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the effects Of CO2 laser in 2 different modes on root surfaces. Study samples consisted of 30 extracted single-rooted periodontally compromised human teeth. Root specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group A (12) treated with CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam of 0.8 mm; group B (12) treated with CO2 laser in pulsed mode with defocused beam of 4 mm; and group C (6), untreated controls.
Results: Group A (continuous mode) showed severe damages to dentin surfaces such as craters and fissures. Group B (defocused mode) did not result in any damages to the root surfaces, showing flat and smooth surfaces with apparent fusion of the smear layer and dentinal tubules almost completely sealed. The untreated control group was characterized by irregular and amorphous surfaces with several shallow depressions.
Conclusions: Although both laser modes resulted in changes to the treated root surface specimens, the changes resulting in a smooth surface from use of defocused pulsed beam may present an advantage in periodontal treatment
Osteonecrosis of the jaws caused by bisphosphonates: evaluation of a new therapeutic approach using the Er:YAG laser.
No full textA series of 49 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis and all treated with latest-generation bisphosphonates was reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the use of erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum, and garnet laser (Er:YAG) in terms of clinical outcome, and examine current trends from the clinical-therapeutic standpoint. Pathology reports on specimens submitted over the previous 7 years from either the mandible or the maxilla were reviewed; 49 patients were identified as having osteonecrosis of the jaws. For each of these cases, the medical history and profile were evaluated; 19 were treated with conservative therapy, 20 with radical surgery, and 10 with Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm). Of the 20 patients treated surgically (bone baquette, curettage, sequestrectomy of the necrotic bone), some required re-treatment, which resulted in bone fracturing. None of the patients were treated successfully. The 19 cases treated conservatively produced an improvement in symptoms, but not remission of the lesions. Of the ten patients treated with Er:YAG laser, six achieved total remission of signs and symptoms, four an improvement, and re-treatment was required in one case. Our present approach is to recommend intensive prophylactic care before the administration of bisphosphonates, and great caution is advised even in simple maneuvers like curettage, because this may exacerbate the avascular process. The use of Er:YAG laser appears to be promising (within the limits of our experience). It can be concluded that at 1 year of laser surgery, the treatment led to significant improvements in clinical parameters, and may represent a valid alternative, although studies on a larger scale are neede
Effects of CO2 laser treatment on fibroblast attachment to root surfaces. A scanning electron microscopy analysis
No full textBACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to analyze the CO2 laser effects on root surfaces affected by periodontal disease in comparison to scaling and root planing for fibroblast attachment.
METHODS:
Thirty single-rooted human teeth extracted because of advanced periodontal disease were included in this study. A total of 60 specimens, obtained from all selected teeth, were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) control (untreated); 2) hand scaling and root planing (SRP); or 3) laser (CO2 defocused pulsed) and ultrasonic scaling. All the specimens were incubated in Petri dishes with fibroblast suspension, and then observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS:
The control group showed the lowest number of attached cells, with no tightly attached fibroblasts. The laser plus scaling group showed the highest number of attached fibroblasts, with the tightly attached fibroblast prevailing. The laser-treated and scaled root specimens did not show any damage or morphologic alteration of the root surfaces.
CONCLUSION:
CO2 laser treatment in defocused, pulsed mode with a low power of 2W combined with mechanical instrumentation constitutes a useful tool to condition the root surface and increase fibroblast attachment to root surfaces
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