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Laboratory studies with BL-S 578 (Cefadroxil) a new broad-spectrum orally active cephalosporin
No full textBL-S 578 (Cefadroxil) is a new orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The new compound was evaluated in vitro in comparison with cephalexin. Some properties studied such as, antibacterial activity, binding with serum proteins and stability in acid and neutral solution at 37° C for both cephalosporins were similar. In experimental infections of mice, the protective action of BL-S 578 was more effective than cephalexin against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. BL-S 578 was more resistant than cephalexin to the β-lactamases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli
Serum Levels and Urinary Excretion in Humans of BL-S 578 (Cefadroxil), a New Semisynthetic Cephalosporin
No full textSingle doses of 250 and 500 mg of BL-S 578 (cefadroxil), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, were orally administered to 13 normal, healthy volunters and serum levels determined at timed intervals for 7 h. Peak concentration was obtained at 1 1/2 h after administration of 250 mg (8.981 μg/ml) or 500 mg (17.861 μg/ml). Urinary excretion levels within 24 h after ingestion of single doses of 250 and 500 mg of cefadroxil were 89.92 and 86.34%, respectively
Pharmacokinetics of cefotetan in elderly subjects after intramuscular administration.
No full textThe pharmacokinetics of cefotetan were studied in 10 healthy male subjects 65-75 years of age with normal liver function and a creatinine clearance of greater than 80 ml/min after single 2 g intramuscular doses. The mean plasma level at 0.5 h was 52.50 +/- 9.16 micrograms/ml. Peak concentrations were 91.78 +/- 12.02 micrograms/ml at 3 h, declining to 10.33 +/- 2.18 micrograms/ml at 18 h, 4.0 +/- 1.12 micrograms/ml at 24 h after the start injection. The percentage of the dose recovered in urine (0 to 24 h) was 60.3%. Cefotetan plasma clearance showed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.956, p less than 0.001) with measured creatinine clearance and the positive intercept ordinate confirmed a nonrenal clearance of the drug (biliary excretion). The normal age-related changes in cefotetan kinetics were relatively small and dosage adjustment was not necessary for normal elderly subjects requiring cefotetan
Pharmacokinetic properties of BL-S 786 (ceforanide) in human volunteers
No full textBL-S 786 (Ceforanide) a new injectable semisynthetic cephalosporin, was administered to 10 human volunteers b.d. for 5 days i.m. and i.v. Serum levels were determined after the first, fifth and ninth dose. Urinary excretion was determined in all subjects after the first dose 0-3; 3-6; 6-9; 9-12; 12-24 hr after administration. For i.m. administration peak serum was achieved within 1 hr and detected up to 12 hr after the dose. For i.v. administration, peak serum was achieved within 0.5 hr and detected up to 12 hr after the dose. The serum concentration of BL-S 786, after repeated doses, did not demonstrate accumulation of the drug. About 27 to 36% of the administered dose was excreted unaltered in the urine, within 3 hr of a single parenteral dose. Urine concentration exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for 90-100% of the common Gram-negative urinary pathogens, 12 hr after the administered dose
Antibodies anti-HTLV III and lymphocyte subsets of high risk subjects.
No full text208 assay for the research into anti-HTLV III antibodies and lymphocytes subsets were carried out on the same number of patients at risk. 11 homosexual man, 143 intravenous drug users (i.d.u.) and 3 children of drug addicts from hospitals in the Marche and Abruzzo and 51 haemophiliacs from hospital in Florence were examined. 3 determination of anti-HTLV III antibodies were taken from each subject using 3 different commercial Kits. The results concur with and confirm similar epidemiological studies that have been done. The haemophiliac group had the highest positive percentage (39.2%), then came i.d.u. (11.9%) and the homosexuals (10.0%). Furthermore, of the 38 positive totals, there were 22 with only one kit, 18 with two, and 15 with all three. The evaluation of the lymphocyte subsets did not strictly correlate with the presence of the antiretrovirus antibodies
In vitro antibacterial activity of rifaximin against Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter jejunii and Yersinia spp.
No full textFifty-four isolates of Campylobacter jejunii, 91 isolates of Yersinia spp. and 56 isolates of Clostridium difficile, recovered from stools of patients with diarrhoea or other intestinal disturbances and from stools of asymptomatic patients receiving antibiotic therapy, were tested in vitro for susceptibility to rifaximin, rifampicin and neomycin. The in vitro antibacterial activities were found to be comparable against the aerobic bacterium; on the contrary, against microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria rifaximin and rifampicin were much more effective than neomycin
Production of coagulase and termonuclease in 366 strains of staphilococci belonging to different lyogroups.
No full text366 human staphylococci were tested for the production of coagulase and thermonuclease and were subdivided into lyogroups. 98% of the isolates showed uniformly positive or uniformly negative results for the production of two enzymes. All uniformly positive strains belonged to the species Staphylococcus aureus, whereas coagulase-thermonuclease negative strains were easily subdivided into five lyogroups. Seven strains produced only one of two enzymes and were identified by analysis of their bacteriolytic activity. Two of these strains were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, one was coagulase negative and the other thermonuclease negative
Ceforanide: Human pharmacokinetics after I.V. injection
No full textThe pharmacokinetics of ceforanide, a new cephalosporin, were examined after intravenous injection of 250, 500 and 1000 mg of the drug to healthy human volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters show that ceforanide produces higher and longer-lasting serum concentrations than some other cephalosporins and that it is eliminated in the urine to a great extent. The serum and biological half-lives are fairly high. The pharmacokinetics of ceforanide are dose independent, and between slopes (β) of dose/time lines no significant differences exist, while significant differences between intercepts (B0) exist
Antistaphylococcal and Antistreptococcal Killing Kinetics of Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Trovafloxacin
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