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Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Glauco Machado & Gonzalo Giribet (Hrsg.) (2007): Harvestmen, the biology of Opiliones
Full text linkbook review: Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Glauco Machado & Gonzalo Giribet (Hrsg.) (2007): Harvestmen, the biology of Opilione
Ischnotelson guanambiensis Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017
No full textIschnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci, Pinto-da-Rocha and Lucas, 2005), comb. nov. Figures 1 B, 2C, 9A, 10A, 12E, 15A, 19A, 21C, 22C, 23O–R, 36A, B, 37A, C, 38A, 39 Rhopalurus guanambiensis: Lenarducci et al., 2005: 1, 2, 7, tables 1, 2, figs. 1–11; Lourenço, 2008: 3; Prendini et al., 2009: 222; Brazil and Porto, 2010: 50; Porto et al., 2010: 293, 295, table 1; Lourenço, 2014: 69; Ubinski et al., 2016: 122. TYPE MATERIAL: Rhopalurus guanambiensis: Holotype ♂ (IBSP-SC 3404), 3 ♂ paratypes (IBSP-SC 3406-3407, MZSP-22590), paratype ♀ (IBSP-SC 3405), BRAZIL: Bahía: Guanambí, 14°11′15″S 42°48′45″W, 1985, V.F. Neves. DIAGNOSIS: Ischnotelson guanambiensis differs from its sister species, I. peruassu, sp. nov., as follows. Ischnotelson guanambiensis is smaller, varying from 35–45 mm in total length, than I. peruassu, which varies from 48–59 mm. Metasomal segments IV, V, and telson are darker in I. guanambiensis than in I. peruassu. The pedipalp chela fingers are noticeably darker than the chela manus in I. guanambiensis, but similar in color to the manus in I. peruassu. The pedipalps and legs are covered by fine setae in I. guanambiensis, but sparsely setose in I. peruassu. The granulation of the carapace of I. guanambiensis is coarser than that of I. peruassu, and the dorsal intercarinal surfaces of the metasoma are shagreened in I. guanambiensis, but smooth in I. peruassu. The carinae of the carapace are more pronounced in I. guanambiensis than in I. peruassu. Sternite III is elevated anteriorly in I. guanambiensis unlike in I. peruassu (fig. 10A). Finally, the sexual dimorphism of the adult male I. guanambiensis is more pronounced than that of the adult male I. peruassu: the pedipalps are more incrassate, the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela are markedly curved proximally and the posterior broadening of the metasoma is more pronounced in the former. DISTRIBUTION: Ischnotelson guanambiensis is endemic to the Brazilian state of Bahía, and known only from the type locality, near the city of Guanambí. ECOLOGY: The type and only known locality is situated on the ecotone of Brazilian caatinga and cerrado (fig. 2C). Personally collected specimens were found at night with UV light detection. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001b). MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Bahía: Município Ceraíma: Aeroporto de Guanambí, Guanambí, 14°13′0 0″S 42°46′60″W, 15.viii.2007, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 ♀ (MZSP 70872), 17. xii.2007, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 30864/AMCC [LP 9669]), 1 subad. ♂ (MZSP 30865/AMCC [LP 9670]), 21.i.2009, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 ♂ (MZSP 70873).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 65-68, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Heteroctenus bonettii Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017, comb. nov.
No full textHeteroctenus bonettii (Armas, 1999), comb. nov. Figures 4, 11 B, 14 B, 18 B, 23 E–G, 25 B, 26 B, 28 B, 29 B, 30 B, 32 Rhopalurus bonettii Armas, 1999: 126–129, fig. 12A–B, table 1; 2006: 6, 10, fig. 8A–D; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 9, table 2, pl. 40; Perez-Gelabert, 2008: 68; Prendini et al., 2009: 206, 207, 209, 211–213, 215, 218, 220, 222, 223, figs. 1, 3, 5C, D, 6B, 7B, 9, table 2; Teruel and Armas, 2012b: 216, fig. 7; Santos et al., 2016: 9, 16, fig. 2A. Rhopalurus bonettii Armas, 1999: 126–129, fig. 12A–B, table 1; 2006: 6, 10, fig. 8A–D; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 9, table 2, pl. 40; Perez-Gelabert, 2008: 68; Prendini et al., 2009: 206, 207, 209, 211–213, 215, 218, 220, 222, 223, figs. 1, 3, 5C, D, 6B, 7B, 9, table 2; Teruel and Armas, 2012b: 216, fig. 7; Santos et al., 2016: 9, 16, fig. 2A. TYPE MATERIAL: Rhopalurus bonettii: Holotype ♂ (IES, IZACC-3.2908), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Pedernales Prov.: Beata Island (NW), Playa del Coco, 10.iii.1999, L.F. de Armas and K. Polanco. DIAGNOSIS: Heteroctenus bonettii differs from the other two species of Heteroctenus occurring on Hispaniola, H. abudi and H. princeps, in the lesspronounced sexual dimorphism of the pedipalp chelae. The chelae of the male and female of H. bonettii are similar, the manus of the male only slightly incrassate relative to the female, and the fingers not curved proximally, such that the fingers connect along most of their length and little to no gap is present between them proximally, when closed (figs. 25, 26). Other characters by which H. bonettii differs from H. abudi and H. princeps are as follows. The carapace of H. bonettii is longer and narrower than that of H. princeps (fig. 14B, E). The carapace and tergites are more finely and sparsely granular in H. bonettii than in H. abudi and H. princeps. The pectines of H. bonettii are very broad basally, with a more pronounced basal plate than in H. princeps and, to a lesser extent, H. abudi. The first 6–7 pectinal teeth are noticeably larger than the rest in H. bonettii, unlike H. abudi and H. princeps in which the teeth are similar in size (fig. 18B). The submedian sulci of sternite III are subparallel in H. bonettii but convergent in H. abudi and H. princeps (fig. 18A, B, E). The pale, raised posteromedial surface of sternite V in the male is more prominent in H. bonettii than in H. abudi and H. princeps. The metasomal segments of H. bonettii are longer and narrower, i.e., the width/length ratio is greater, than in H. princeps and, to a lesser extent, H. abudi (fig. 28A, B, E). The granulation, ventromedian and ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V are more developed, compared with those of the preceding segments, such that the segment has a matte, angular appearance in H. bonettii (fig. 19B). Unlike H. abudi, the coloration of H. bonettii is predominantly pale (fig. 32); the carapace, pedipalp chelae, legs, and tergites immaculate; the metasoma (segments III–V or IV and V only) and telson weakly infuscate. In this respect, H. bonettii resembles H. princeps except for the pedipalp chelae, which are typically infuscate in the latter. DISTRIBUTION: Heteroctenus bonettii is endemic to Pedernales Province south of the Sierra de Baoruco in the western part of mainland Dominican Republic and Isla Beata, the type locality (fig. 4A). Most of the known locality records fall within the Parque Nacional Jaragua, at altitudes ranging from 14 to 92 m. ECOLOGY: Heteroctenus bonettii is restricted to deciduous spiny forest and thorn scrub with cacti on karst limestone (Prendini et al., 2009). Scorpions were commonly found sheltering between slabs of rock (though never under bark or wood) by day, and with UV light detection at night. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001b). Heteroctonus bonettii was sympatric with the buthids Centruroides alayoni, C. jaragua, C. lucidus, Microtityus iviei Armas, 1999, and Microtityus lantiguai Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1992, and the diplocentrid Heteronebo oviedo (Armas, 1999). MATERIAL EXAMINED: DOMINICAN REPUB- LIC: Pedernales Prov.: Parque Nacional Jaragua: Cabo Rojo, 17°53′45.2″N 71°39′35.8″W, 15 m, 9.vii.2004, E.S. Volschenk and J. Huff, dry cactus and spiny forest on limestone karst, hand collected from under stones, and with blacklights, 5 ♂, 11 ♀, 5 subad., 2 juv. (AMNH), 1 juv. ♂ (AMCC [LP 3267]); road to Cabo Rojo, 0.6 km S of DR 44, 17°58.201′N 71°39.036′W, 14 m, 7.vii.2010, J. Huff and S. Schoenbrun, karst limestone, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 subad. ♂ (AMNH), 1 subad. ♂ (AMCC [LP 10524]); road to Fondo Paradi, 1.8 km from Highway 44, 17°48.692′N 71°26.600′W, 302 ft, 12.i.2004, J. Huff, found between rocks, 2 ♀ (AMCC [LP 2471, 3265]); unmarked track into park between Manuel Goya and Oviedo, 17°48′41.5″N 71°26′35.9″W, 83.3 m, 9.vii.2004, E.S. Volschenk and J. Huff, deciduous forest and thorny scrub, hand collected from under stones and with blacklights, 15 ♂, 8 ♀, 1 subad., 1 juv. (AMNH), 1 juv. [pedipalps] (AMCC [LP 3266]).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 31-35, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Physoctonus striatus Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017, sp. nov.
No full textPhysoctonus striatus, sp. nov. Figures 9 A, 16B, 17D, 20B, 48C; table 3 Physoctonus debilis : Porto et al., 2010: 295, table 1 (part). TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Bahía: Xique- Xique, 10°49′60″S 42°43′60″W: Holotype ♂ (MZSP 30869/AMCC [LP 9681]), 2.x.2008, T.J. Porto. Paratype ♂ (MZSP 31128/AMCC [LP 9950]), same data except 3.x.2008, T.J. Porto. DIAGNOSIS: Physoctonus striatus, sp. nov., differs from its sister species, P. debilis, as follows. The mesosomal tergites of P. striatus are dark, with transverse bands of infuscation, whereas the tergites of P. debilis are uniformly pale, except for the infuscate dorsomedian carinae, which form a thin stripe longitudinally. The carinae of the carapace, pedipalps, and metasoma are less pronounced in P. stria - tus than in P. debilis: for example, the lateral inframedian carinae of metasomal segments II and III are restricted to the posterior third of the segment in P. striatus, but complete in P. debilis; and the retromedian and secondary accessory carinae of the pedipalp chela manus are vestigial to absent in P. striatus, but complete and granular in P. debilis. Pedipalp chela fixed finger trichobothrium db is aligned with trichobothrium et in P. striatus but situated distal to et in P. debilis. ETYMOLOGY: The species name refers to the transverse bands of infuscation on the mesosomal tergites. DESCRIPTION: The following description is based on the holotype male unless otherwise noted (for measurements, see table 3). Only characters that differ from the generic description are noted. Total length: Small scorpions, 22–26 mm. Color: Base color dark yellow to light brown. Carapace immaculate except interocular surface infuscate, forming dark triangle, almost reaching anterior margin, and thin, dark line of infuscation around margins. Tergites each with infuscate median carina forming a thin dark line longitudinally, with transverse band of infuscation, and a dark line of infuscation around margins. Coxosternal region, pectines, and sternites immaculate, dark yellow. Metasomal segments I–IV, dorsal surfaces immaculate, similar in color to carapace and tergites; II–IV, ventral surfaces infuscate, forming a longitudinal stripe; V completely infuscate. Telson vesicle similar to metasomal segment V dorsal surface, aculeus almost black. Chelicerae, pedipalps, and legs brown, entirely infuscate. Carapace: Pentagonal in shape, anterior width approximately two thirds posterior width. Median ocular tubercle low; median sulci shallow; lateral ocular carinae continuous with posterior median carinae. Carinae obsolete, finely granular and barely distinguishable from surface granulation; anterior margin with large round granules. Pedipalps: Pedipalp femoral and patellar carinae coarsely granular; chelal carinae more finely granular (fig. 48C). Chela fixed finger trichobothrium db aligned with trichobothrium et. Retromedian carina vestigial, restricted to distal quarter of chela manus; secondary accessory carina of chela manus absent. Legs: Legs III and IV, tibial spurs absent; I–IV, surfaces carinate; basitarsi each with simple prolateral pedal spur; telotarsi each with distinct pro- and retroventral rows of fine, acuminate macrosetae. Sternum: Subtriangular. Median longitudinal sulcus shallow anteriorly, deep, wide posteriorly. Genital operculum: Genital opercula suboval, completely divided longitudinally; genital papillae present (♂). Pectines: Tooth count, 15/15 (♂). Pectinal plate trapezoid, with deep anterior notch (fig. 20B). Mesosoma: Tergites IV–VI slightly wider than than I–III; I–VI unicarinate, dorsosubmedian carinae absent, dorsomedian carina reduced to posterior half on I–VI. Tergite VII pentacarinate, dorsomedian carina reduced. Sternites III–VI smooth, carinae absent or obsolete; sternite III, lateral margins not forming smooth, raised carina, ventromedian carina not elevated anteriorly, ventrosubmedian surfaces not forming paired depressions, smooth; sternite VII with four granular carinae; respiratory spiracles (stigmata) width more than 5× length. Metasoma: Metasomal segments I–III each with 10 carinae, IV with eight carinae, V with five carinae; lateral inframedian carinae complete on segment I, restricted to posterior third of segment on II and III, absent on IV and V. Ventral intercarinal surfaces of segments I–IV coarsely granular, dorsal and lateral surfaces weakly granular or smooth, segment V smooth. Metasoma increasing slightly in width posteriorly, segments IV and V wider than I in adult male. Telson: Vesicle pentacarinate; subaculear tubercle vestigial. Hemispermatophore: As for genus. Sexual dimorphism: Females are unknown. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known only from the type locality in the Brazilian state of Bahía (fig. 9A). ECOLOGY: The type locality is situated in the Brazilian caatinga, a very dry environment with sandy soil. Specimens were collected under stones during the day or with UV light detection at night. The habitus is consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001 b).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 94-95, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Heteroctenus gibarae Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017
No full textHeteroctenus gibarae (Teruel, 2006), comb. nov. Figure 3 B Rhopalurus gibarae Teruel, 2006: 46–49, 52, 53, figs. 5–7, 10, table 2; Teruel and Armas, 2006: 179; 2012 b: 209, 215, figs. 6, 7; Prendini et al., 2009: 222; Teruel and Kovařík, 2012: 122, figs. 560–563. Rhopalurus granulimanus Teruel, 2006: 49, 50, 52, 53, figs. 8–10, table 2; Teruel and Armas, 2006: 179; 2012 b: 209, 215, figs. 6, 7; Prendini et al., 2009: 222; Teruel and Kovařík, 2012: 122, 123, figs. 564, 565; syn. nov. TYPE MATERIAL: CUBA: Holguín Prov.: Rhopalurus gibarae: Holotype ♂ (RTO), Municipio Gibara: Sierra de Gibara, 2 km ESE of Gibara (21°04′58″N 75°57′0 0″W), 26.i.1993, R. Teruel. Paratypes: same data except 18.viii.1992, R. Teruel and R. Ermus, 5 juv. (RTO), 26.i.1993, R. Teruel, 1 ♀ (RTO), 18.x.2001, D. Díaz, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (RTO). Rhopalurus granulimanus: Holotype ♂ (RTO), Municipio Rafael Freyre: Bahía Naranjo, 1 km NE of Estero Ciego (21°05′37″N 75°56′0 0″W), 25.i.1995, R. Teruel and N. Navarro. DIAGNOSIS: Heteroctenus gibarae is most closely related to H. garridoi. The two species resemble one another, and differ from the third Cuban species, H. junceus, in their smaller size and paler coloration. Heteroctenus garridoi and H. gibarae vary from 56–86 mm in total length, whereas H. junceus varies from 64–110 mm. Heteroctenus garridoi and H. gibarae are more uniformly yellow to yellowish brown in color, with less contrast between the appendages and the carapace, mesosoma, and metasoma, whereas H. junceus varies from light brown to dark reddish brown, with the entire carapace or only the interocular surface infuscate, and the carapace, mesosoma, and metasoma (especially segments IV and V) noticeably darker than the pedipalps and legs. Additionally, the chela is less markedly sexually dimorphic in H. garridoi and H. gibarae, because the curvature of the fixed and movable fingers of the adult male is less pronounced, resulting in a much smaller gap between them proximally, when closed, and the manus of the adult female is relatively more incrassate than in H. junceus. The basal expansion of the pectines is also less pronounced in H. garridoi and H. gibarae than in H. junceus. Finally, H. garridoi and H. gibarae differ from H. junceus in the more finely granular intercarinal surfaces of the carapace and pedipalp chela manus. Heteroctenus gibarae appears to differ from H. garridoi primarily on the basis of color. Heteroctenus gibarae is uniformly yellowish brown, the carapace bordered by two narrow lines forming a V-shape around the interocular surface, metasomal segments IV and V darkening to blackish brown posteriorly, and the telson reddish, whereas H. garridoi is uniformly yellow. The pedipalp chela manus of H. gibarae is darker than the pedipalp femur and patella whereas the manus of H. garridoi is similar in color or only slightly darker than the femur and patella, as in H. junceus. The ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae of the metasoma are immaculate in H. gibarae but infuscate in H. garridoi. DISTRIBUTION: Heteroctenus gibarae is endemic to Holguín Province in southeastern Cuba, where it is known from two populations, the type locality in the Sierra de Naranjo, Gibara, and the type locality of R. granulimanus, in Bahía Naranjo, Rafael Freyre (fig. 3B). The two localities are fewer than 50 km apart. ECOLOGY: Heteroctenus gibarae inhabits coastal deciduous dry forest and secondary forest below 25 m in elevation. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001b). The species is primarily found in limestone rock piles covered in leaves and humus. It has been collected in sympatry with the buthids Alayotityus spp., Centruroides arctimanus, C. baracoae, H. junceus, and Microtityus trinitensis Armas, 1974. REMARKS: Heteroctenus gibarae and R. granulimanus are known from five adult specimens collectively, and the type and only known localities are fewer than 50 km apart. Based on the published descriptions and illustrations, there is no convincing evidence that these specimens represent two distinct species. The putative diagnostic differences outlined for the holotype and only known specimen of R. granulimanus fall within the range of intraspecific variation for H. gibarae, to the extent that this can be assessed given the small sample size (n = 4) for the latter. For example, the difference in total length for the males of H. gibarae (65–66 mm) and R. granulimanus (56 mm), cited among the putatively diagnostic characters, is similar to the size range of males in other Cuban species (H. garridoi, 56–69 mm; H. junceus, 54–97 mm); as is the range for the length to width ratio of the pedipalp chela (H. gibarae, 4.2–4.39; R. granulimanus, 4.96; H. junceus, 3.5–4.7); and the male pectinal tooth count (H. gibarae, 20–21; R. granulimanus, 22; H. garridoi, 21–24, H. junceus, 17–23). Based on the absence of convincing morphological differences, the limited sample size, and the geographical proximity of the type localities, we consider R. granulimanus conspecific with H. gibarae and synonymize it accordingly: Rhopalurus granulimanus Teruel, 2006 = Heteroctenus gibarae (Teruel, 2006), syn. nov. The validity of H. gibarae, as distinct from H. garridoi, will also need to be reassessed when material becomes available for study as the putative differences between them appear rather minor.Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 36-41, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Troglorhopalurus lacrau Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017
No full textTroglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov. Figures 1 G, 2G, 9, 10E, 11F, 12D, 14F, 17F, 18F, 21K, 22K, 61A, 62A, B, E, 63A, B Rhopalurus lacrau Lourenço and Pinto-da- Rocha, 1997: 182–183, figs. 1–3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14; Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 220; Lourenço, 2008: 3; Prendini et al., 2009: 222, 223; Brazil and Porto, 2010: 50, 62; Porto et al., 2010: 293–295, table 1; Lourenço, 2014: 69, 73–75, fig. 12; Gallão and Bichuette, 2016: 2, 3, 9–11, figs. 1, 18; Ubinski et al., 2016: 122. Rhopalurus brejo Lourenço, 2014: 71–75, figs. 1–12; syn. nov. TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Rhopalurus lacrau: Holotype ♀ (MZSP 15175), Bahía: Município Itaeté: Lapa do Bode (inside the cave), 12°56′S 41°04′W, 7.ix.1993, E. Trajluio. Rhopalurus brejo: Holotype ♀ (MNHN), Ceará: Chapada (serra) do Araripe, Brejo Grande, S of Santana, ii.1964. DIAGNOSIS: Troglorhopalurus lacrau differs from its sister species, T. translucidus, as follows. The soma and appendages are shorter and broader in T. lacrau than T. translucidus, in which the soma and appendages are elongate and slender: total body length is about 40 mm in T. lacrau and 60 mm in T. translucidus; the pedipalp is 4.5× longer than the carapace in T. lacrau but 6.5× longer in T. translucidus; the pedipalp chela manus is incrassate and slightly shorter than the chela movable finger in T. lacrau but very slender, the manus almost half the length of the movable finger in T. translucidus; the pedipalp patella is 3.8× longer than wide in T. lacrau, but 6× longer in T. translucidus; metasomal segment V is 2.7× longer than wide in T. lacrau, but 4.5× longer in T. translucidus. The retromedian and secondary accessory carinae of the pedipalp chela manus are weakly granular in T. lacrau, and absent in T. translucidus. Eight subrows of denticles are present in the median denticle row of the chela fixed finger of T. lacrau, whereas nine subrows are present in T. translucidus. Macrosetae on the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela are shorter than the chela width in T. lacrau, but longer in T. translucidus. Macrosetae of the telson vesicle are shorter than the subaculear tubercle in T. lacrau, but longer in T. translucidus. The subaculear tubercle of the telson is blunt in T. lacrau, but has a sharply pointed tip in T. translucidus. The posterior third of the aculeus is curved in T. lacrau, but straight in T. translucidus. DISTRIBUTION: Troglorhopalurus lacrau is endemic to Brazil, and known from only two populations, in the states of Bahía and Ceará (fig. 9A). All except two specimens were collected from two connected caves, Lapa do Bode Cave and Gruta Escondida in the Município Itaeté of Bahía. A single, dead individual was collected from Bob Cave, ca. 20 km northeast (Gallão and Bichuette, 2016), also in Município Itaeté. The second population of T. lacrau is represented by the type locality and only known specimen of its junior synonym, R. brejo, in the state of Ceará. The two localities are 700 km apart but the region between them, the Serra do Espinhaço, is poorly sampled. Assuming the record from Ceará is reliable, this species may be discovered in the Serra do Espinhaço when it is more thoroughly surveyed. ECOLOGY: Most of the known specimens of T. lacrau were collected under stones inside limestone caves. Despite extensive searches, no specimens were found outside the type locality, Lapa do Bode Cave (Gallão and Bichuette, 2016), where this species has a well-established population (fig. 2G). The habitat, distribution and habitus are consistent with the troglophile ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001 b). REMARKS: Rhopalurus brejo was poorly described in an obscure journal with distorted plates. The original description and illustrations barely permit us to determine to which genus this taxon belongs. Although the holotype and only known specimen of R. brejo was not directly examined during the present investigation, its identity was verified by photographs received from the MNHN (and now publicly available at https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/ mnhn/collection/rs/). Examination thereof, together with the limited data provided in the original description, leaves no doubt that R. brejo is conspecific with T. lacrau. Rhopalurus brejo shares with T. lacrau the presence of distinct pedipalp carinae and eight subrows of denticles in the median denticle row of the chela fixed finger. We therefore propose the following synonym: Rhopalurus brejo Lourenço, 2014 = Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), syn. nov. MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Bahía: Município Itaeté: trail connecting caves Lapa do Bode and Gruta Escondida, 12°56′9.1″S 41°03′56.2″W, 21.i.2007, C.I. Mattoni, R. Pinto-da-Rocha and H.Y. Yamaguti, under rocks, 2 ♀ (AMNH), 1 subad. ♀, 4 juv. (AMCC [LP 7637]); Lapa do Bode Cave, 24.i.2007, C.I. Mattoni, R. Pinto-da-Rocha and H. Yamaguti, 1 subad. ♀ (AMCC [LP 10211]).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 119-120, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Ischnotelson peruassu Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017, sp. nov.
No full textIschnotelson peruassu, sp. nov. Figures 9 B, 15B, 17B, 19B, 36C, D, 37B, D, 38B, 40 Rhopalurus sp. n. 1: Ubinski et al., 2016: 122. TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Município Januária: Januária, Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu: Holotype ♂ (MZSP 31138 / AMCC [LP 9937]), 15°07′26″S, 44°14′28″W, 4–25.i.2009, R.S. Recoder and M. Teixeira, Jr. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (UFMG 4820), 1 subad. ♀ (UFMG 4818), 1 juv. ♂, 1 juv. ♀ (UFMG 4824), 15°09′0 9″S 44°14′30″W, 17–22.x.2010, G.F.B.P. Ferreira. DIAGNOSIS: Ischnotelson peruassu, sp. nov., differs from its sister species, I. guanambiensis, as follows. Ischnotelson peruassu is larger, varying from 48–59 mm in total length, than I. guanambiensis, which varies from 35–45 mm. Metasomal segments IV, V, and telson are paler in I. peruassu than in I. guanambiensis. The pedipalp chela fingers are similar in color to the chela manus in I. peruassu but noticeably darker than the manus in I. guanambiensis. The pedipalps and legs are sparsely setose in I. peruassu, but covered by fine setae in I. guanambiensis. The carinae of the carapace are less pronounced in I. peruassu than in I. guanambiensis and the carapace more finely granular in I. peruassu than in I. guanambiensis. The dorsal intercarinal surfaces of the metasoma are smooth in I. peruassu and shagreened in I. guanambiensis. Sternite III is not elevated anteriorly in I. peruassu unlike in I. guanambiensis. Finally, the sexual dimorphism of the adult male I. peruassu is less pronounced than that of the adult male I. guanambiensis: the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela are shallowly curved proximally and the posterior broadening of the metasoma is less pronounced in the former. ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, referring to the type locality, a Brazilian state park covered by savanna that protects important caves. DESCRIPTION: The following description is based on the holotype male unless otherwise noted (for measurements, see table 3). Only characters that differ from the generic description are noted. Total length: Medium-sized scorpions (total length, 48–59 mm). Color: Carapace and tergites I–VI brown, tergite VII and metasomal segments I–III dark yellow, metasomal segments IV, V, and telson darker than preceding segments, reddish brown (fig. 40); telson vesicle paler than metasomal segments IV and V, aculeus black; carinae of carapace, tergites, and metasoma dark brown. Sternites yellow. Chelicerae pale yellow; pedipalps yellow, chela fingers similar in color to chela manus; legs yellow, slightly paler than pedipalps. Carapace: Shape trapezoidal (fig. 15B). Width of anterior margin approximately two thirds that of posterior margin. Anteromedian, median ocular, and posteromedian sulci shallow but well developed, forming single, almost continuous, longitudinal sulcus. Lateral ocular carinae present but weakly developed, central lateral and posterior central submedian carinae distinct, finely granular to costate-granular and fused, forming single nearly continuous, oblique carina, extending along almost entire length of carapace; anterior central submedian carinae distinct, finely granular and separate. Carapace anterior margin with large spinoid granules. Pedipalps: Pedipalp fingers each with seven oblique subrows (fused basal subrows) of primary denticles and short subrow of terminal denticles (fig. 17 B). Chela manus slightly incrassate, with fixed and movable fingers shallowly curved proximally, in male. Carinae granular to costate-granular except femur and patella prolateral carinae comprising spiniform granules; chela manus proventral and promedian carinae absent. TABLE 3 Legs: Legs III and IV, tibial spurs absent; I–IV, surfaces carinate; basitarsi each with bifurcate prolateral pedal spur; telotarsi each with irregular tufts of fine, acuminate macrosetae. Sternum: Subtriangular. Median longitudinal sulcus deep throughout, extending from anterior margin to posterior margin. Genital operculum: Genital opercula suboval, completely divided longitudinally; genital papillae present (♂). Pectines: Tooth count, 26/26 (♂), 27/27 (♀). Pectinal plate rectangular, width approximately 2× length, median anterior notch present. Mesosoma: Tergites similar to posterior width of carapace, I–III similar in width, IV and V slightly wider than I–III. Dorsomedian carina absent on I, restricted to posterior half on II–IV, posterior third on VI and V; dorsosubmedian carinae absent on segments I and II, restricted to posterior quarter on III–VI. Tergite VII pentacarinate, dorsomedian carinae present on anterior third but weakly granular. Sternite III not distinctly elevated anteriorly (fig. 19B). Spiracles on sternite III ovoid, width approximately 2× length. Suface of sternites III–VI smooth, sternite VII granular, with four granular carinae. Metasoma: Metasomal segments longer than wide, but increasing in width posteriorly such that segment V is one third wider than segment I (fig. 37B, D). Carinae well developed, segments I and II with 10 carinae, lateral inframedian carinae of segment III weakly developed; segment IV with 8 carinae; segment V with 5 carinae. Hemispermatophore: Flagelliform. Sexual dimorphism: Adult males and females differ as follows. Males are smaller than females in total length. The carinae of the carapace, metasoma, and pedipalps are more finely granular in males than females. The pedipalp chela manus of males is incrassate and the fixed fingers slightly curved proximally (fig. 36D). The chela manus of females is not incrassate (fig. 36D). The metasomal segments are proportionally broader in males, exaggerating the posterior increase in metasomal width, compared to females, in which the metasomal segments are more similar in width. Metasomal segments IV and V, though darker than the preceding segments in both sexes, are relatively paler in females than males. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from only two adjacent localities within the Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, in the Municipio Januária of northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil (fig. 9B). ECOLOGY: The known localities are situated on the ecotone of Brazilian caatinga and cerrado, a semiarid environment along the Peruaçu River, close to São Francisco River, which exhibits several microclimates due to topographical variation and the presence or absence of waterbodies. The type specimens were collected on calcareous sandy soil with sparse vegetation, at arid, highelevation localities within the park. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001b).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 68-70, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Jaguajir rochae Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017, comb. nov.
No full textJaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov. Figures 1 D, 2D, 8, 11D, 15F, 17C, 19F, 21F, 22F, 24E–H, 41C, 42C, 43C, F, 44C, 47 Rhopalurus rochae Borelli, 1910: 3–5; Mello- Leitão, 1932: 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Lourenço, 1982 a: 122, 135, figs. 47–62, 78, table 1; 1982b: 74, figs. 1–3; 1986b: 165, fig. 7; 1990: 161; Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 222; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 9, table 2, pl. 44; Volschenk et al., 2008: 651, 652, 654, 660, 661, 663, 664, 674, fig. 2E, tables 1, 2; Prendini et al., 2009: 222–224. Centrurus stenochirus Penther, 1913: 240–242, figs. 1, 2 (synonymized by Lourenço, 1982 a: 122). Centrurus barythenar Penther, 1913: 242–243, figs. 1, 2 (synonymized by Lourenço, 1982 a: 122); Werner, 1927: 358; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 286. Rhopalurus barythenar : Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252, 276, 281, 282, pl. 5, fig. 27, pl. 8, fig. 34; 1924b: 318, 341, 347, pl. 5, fig. 27, pl. 8, fig. 34; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 16, 31; Vellard, 1932: 556; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1940: 26, 34, 35. Rhopalurus rochai : Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252, 276, 279–281, pl. 10, figs. 35, 36; 1924b: 318, 341, 345, 346, pl. 10, figs. 35, 36; Werner, 1927: 358; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 16; Prado, 1940: 26, 34; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 285– 288, figs. 118, 119; Bücherl, 1959: 269; 1971: 327; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 263; Stahnke and Calos, 1977: 119; Lourenço, 1979: 215, fig. 7; Araújo, 1981: 235; Lucas et al., 1981: 128, table 1; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 222; Brazil and Porto, 2010: 25, 50, 59, 66, figs. 5B, 7A; Porto et al., 2010: 292–294, 296, fig. 2B, table 1; Ubinski et al., 2016: 122. Rhopalurus stenochirus : Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252, 275, 278, 279, pl. 11, fig. 39; 1924b: 318, 341, 343–345, pl. 11, fig. 39; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1940: 26, 30, 31; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 288–290, figs. 120, 121; Bücherl, 1971: 327; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 263; Stahnke and Calos, 1977: 119; Araújo, 1981: 235; Lourenço, 1982 a: 122, 123, figs. 49, 50. Centruroides stenochirus : Werner, 1927: 357. Ropalurus barythenar: Viquez, 1935: 111 , fig. 40. TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Bahía: Centrurus barythenar: 12 ♂ syntypes (NMW 2248), Joazeiro. Centrurus stenochirus: 2 ♂, 1 juv.? ♀ syntypes (NMW 2251), Barra. Ceará: Rhopalurus rochae: Lectotype ♀, paralectotype ♂ [desig. Lourenço, 1982 a: 138] (MIZT Sc 421 ex 645), Fortaleza. DIAGNOSIS: Jaguajir rochae can be differentiated from J. agamemnon and J. pintoi by its paler coloration and more slender metasoma. Whereas the base coloration is pale to dark yellow, and the metasoma of the male slightly wider posteriorly in J. rochae, the base coloration is brown to black, and the metasoma of the male markedly wider posteriorly in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi. Additionally, the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are slightly curved, creating a small proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male exhibits a prominent proximal lobe in J. rochae, whereas the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are markedly curved, creating a large proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male is reduced or absent in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi. Furthermore, the subaculear tubercle of the telson is much reduced, forming a small protuberance in J. rochae, as in J. pintoi, but well developed and spinoid in J. agamemnon. DISTRIBUTION: Jaguajir rochae is endemic to northeastern Brazil and recorded from the states of Bahía, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Río Grande do Norte and Sergipe (fig. 8). A record from Costa Rica (Viquez, 1935) is based on a misidentification. ECOLOGY: This species inhabits open savannah (fig. 2D). Specimens collected by the authors were found under stones during the day and with UV light detection at night. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001 b). REMARKS: Borelli (1910) named the species after Francisco Diaz da Rocha, but the original spelling was feminine, rochae. Fet and Lowe (2000) noted that the masculine spelling is rochai and changed it accordingly. Although the corrected spelling has been adopted by others (e.g., Teruel, 2006: 52), we consider it an unjustified emendation and continue to use Borelli’s (1910) original spelling. It is noteworthy that, on the page preceding the description of R. rochae , Borelli (1910) described Tityus duckei Borelli, 1910, after Mr. Ducke, implying he was aware of the proper ending for a masculine name and it was not a lapsus. If Rocha is considered a Latin name, the proper ending, even if dedicated to a man, is rochae (ICZN, 1999: Art. 31.1.1. Examples), which may be what Borelli (1910) intended. MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Bahía: Barra, Igarité, 5.vi.2008, 1 ♀ (MZSP 31122/ AMCC [LP 9963]); Catu, Ibiraba, 2.viii.2000, 1 ♀ (MZSP 31123/AMCC [LP 9953]); Guanambí, Ceraíma, 14°13′S 42°46′W, 10–17. xii.2007, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 ♂ (MZSP 30881/AMCC [LP 9684]); Guanambí, 7 km S, 14°17′5.6″S 42°47′2.2″W, 533 m, 24.i.2007, C.I. Mattoni, R. Pinto-da-Rocha, and H.Y. Yamaguti, UV sampling, modified savannah, cloudy and raining, 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 7638]); Guanambí, 16 km SE, 14°17′19″S 42°41′31.1″W, 559 m, 25.i.2007, C.I. Mattoni, R. Pinto-da- Rocha, and H.Y. Yamaguti, UV sampling and under leaf litter, banana plantation and surrounds, 1 juv. (AMCC [LP 7655]); Fazenda do Fabiano, 8 km NE Guanambí, 14°10′17.6″S 42°43′56.4″W, 539 m, 24.i.2007, C.I. Mattoni, R. Pinto-da-Rocha, and H.Y. Yamaguti, under rocks, rocky hill and surrounds, open savannah modified, 1 ♀ (AMNH), 1 ♂, 2 juv. (AMCC [LP 7639]); Jeremoabo, Espadoado de Cima, 10°04′S 38°23′W, 27.v.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, T.J. Porto, and M.B. da Silva, 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 30882/AMCC [LP 9685]); Ibotirama, 12°10′34″S 43°11′33″W, 8.vi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, M.B. da Silva, and T.J. Porto, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31125/AMCC [LP 9956]), 1 ♀ (MZSP 31124/ AMCC [LP 9947]); Jeremoabo, 10°04′S 38°23′W, 25.v.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, M.B. da Silva, and T.J. Porto, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31126/AMCC [LP 9945]); Várzea do Poço, 19.x.2007, 1 ♀ (MZSP 31127/AMCC [LP 9926]). Minas Gerais: Janaúba, 11.xii.2007, H.Y. Yamaguti, S. Outeda- Jorge, and C.A. Souza, 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31136/ AMCC [LP 9957]); Janaúba, UNIMONTES, Campus Janaúba, 11.xii.2007, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 subad. ♂ (MZSP 30879/AMCC [LP 9682]). Paraíba: Soledade, 07°02.118′S 36°27.311′W, 575 m, 16.iii.1999, A. Kury and A. Giupponi, 3 ♂ (AMCC [LP 1581, 1582, 1775]). Pernambuco: Escola Aquicola, Exu, 30.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, caatinga, 1 ♂ (AMNH), 27.vi.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♂ (AMNH); Exu, 07°26′44″S 39°44′21″W, 1.vi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, M.B. da Silva, and T.J. Porto, 1 ♀ (MZSP 31144/AMCC [LP 9955]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31143/AMCC [LP 9951]); Exu, 18 km E, 5. iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, under leaf of granite on boul- der, caatinga habitat, 2 ♀, 68 1 st instars (AMNH); Exu, 20 km E, 30.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (AMNH); Exu, 3 km NW, 10. iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. (AMNH); Exu, 3 km W, 30.v.1977, L.J. Vitt, 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 4 juv. (AMNH), 1.vi.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Exu, 5 km E, 8.v.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 juv. (AMNH); Exu, 5 km N, 6.iv.1977, L.J. Vitt, caatinga, 1 ♂, 1 juv. (AMNH), 18.i.1978, L.J. Vitt and K.E. Streilein, 1 juv. (AMNH); Exu, 6 km N, 15. iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, open fields (cotton), under fallen logs, 1 ♀, 1 juv. ♂ (AMNH); Exu, 6 km NE, 16.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, under rock on larger rock, caatinga habitat, 1 ♀, 49 1 st instars (AMNH); Fazenda Batente, 5 km NE Exu, 29. iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 juv. (AMNH); Fazenda Caterino, 10 km NE Exu, 1.viii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 7 ♂, 3 ♀, 3 juv. (AMNH); Fazenda Chelonia, 8 km S Exu, 28.vii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 2 juv. (AMNH); Fazenda Guarani, 3 km N Exu, 14.vii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 1 subad., 3 juv. (AMNH); Fazenda Guarani, 5 km N Exu, 29.vii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♀, 3 juv. (AMNH), 19.ii.1978, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Serra Talhada, 07°58′11″S 38°19′16″W, 30.v.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, M.B. da Silva, and T.J. Porto, 2 ♀ (MZSP 31146/AMCC [LP 9943], MZSP 31147/AMCC [LP 9930]); Vitória do Santo Antão, 08°07′S 35°25′W, 28.v.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, M.B. da Silva, and T.J. Porto, 1 ♀ (MZSP 31148/AMCC [LP 9946]). Piauí: Castelo do Piauí, 05°13′43″S 41°41′57″W, 13.viii.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha and L.S. Carvalho, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31150/AMCC [LP 9961]), 1 ♀ (MZSP 31151/AMCC [LP 9941]). Sergipe: near Genipapo, vii.1982, O.F. Francke, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (AMNH); UHE Xingó, Canindé de São Francisco, 22.viii.2007, Arnaldo Jr., 1 ♀ (MZSP 30880/AMCC [LP 9683]).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 84-86, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Jaguajir agamemnon Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017, comb. nov.
No full textJaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov. Figures 1 C, 7, 10B, 12A, 15C, 19C, 21D, 22D, 23S–V, 41A, 42A, 43A, D, 44A, 45 Androctonus agamemnon C.L. Koch, 1839: 103– 105, pl. CCV, fig. 506. Tityus agamemnon: C.L. Koch, 1850: 91; Pocock, 1902 b: 377. Heteroctenus agamemnon: Pocock, 1893: 393. Centrurus agamemnon: Kraepelin, 1895: 95; 1899: 89, 94; 1908: 187, 190, 194; Penther, 1913: 240. Rhopalurus borellii Pocock, 1902 b: 377, 378 (synonymized by Lourenço, 1982 a: 128); 1902a: 37; Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 276, 285, 286; 1924b: 318, 342, 351, 352; Werner, 1927: 358; Prado, 1939: 6; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266, 270, 272; Bücherl, 1959: 268; Lucas et al., 1981: 129, table 2. Rhopalurus agamemnon: Pocock, 1902 a: 37; Mello- Campos, 1924a: 252, 275, 276; 1924b: 318, 341, 342; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 14, 30; Prado, 1940: 25, 27; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 269, 270; Bücherl, 1959: 268; 1971: 327; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 263; Stahnke and Calos, 1977: 119; Lourenço, 1982 a: 123, 136, figs. 1, 64–76, 78, table 1; 1986a: 133, fig. 15; 1986b: 165, fig. 7; 1990: 161; 1992: 55; Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 218; Lenarducci et al., 2005: 7, table 2; Lourenço, 2008: 6; Prendini et al., 2009: 222, 223; Brazil and Porto, 2010: 41, 50, 59, 66, figs. 2A, 5A; Porto et al., 2010: 292– 295, table 1; Ubinski et al., 2016: 122. Centrurus intermedius Penther, 1913: 240 (synonymized by Lourenço, 1982 a: 123). Rhopalurus acromelas Lutz and Mello, 1922 a: 25, 26; Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252, 276, 282, 283, pl. 11, fig. 38; 1924b: 318, 342, 347, 348, pl. 11, fig. 38; Werner, 1927: 358; Mello- Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1940: 26, 29; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266, 267– 269; Bücherl, 1959: 268; 1971: 327; Lou- renço, 1982a: 128, 129, 135, 137, figs. 77, 78, table 1; 1986a: 133, fig. 11; 1986b: 165, fig. 7; 1990: 161; 1992: 55; Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 217, 218; Lenarducci et al., 2005: 7, table 2; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 9, table 2; Lourenço, 2008: 1; Prendini et al., 2009: 222, 223; Porto et al., 2010: 292, 295, table 1; syn. nov. Rhopalurus melleipalpus Lutz and Mello, 1922 b: 25 (previously synonymized with R. acromelas by Lourenço, 1982 a: 129); Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252, 275, 283, pl. 11, fig. 37; 1924b: 318, 341, 348, 349, pl. 11, fig. 37; Werner, 1927: 358; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1940: 26, 32; Lourenço, 1982 a: 129; syn. nov. Rhopalurus borelli: Mello-Campos, 1924 a: 252; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Prado, 1938: 347– 349, fig. 2; 1940: 27, 35, 36; Bücherl, 1971: 327; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 262, 263, map; Araújo, 1981: 235; Lourenço, 2008: 6. Rhopalurus iglesiasi Werner, 1927: 357, 358, fig. 2a–d (synonymized with R. borellii by Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 262); Mello-Leitão, 1932: 15, 31; Meise, 1934: 42; Prado, 1938: 347– 349, fig. 2; 1939: 6; 1940: 26, 33; Roewer, 1943: 219; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 274; Bücherl, 1959: 268; 1971: 327; Lourenço, 1979: 215; 1982 a: 128; syn. nov. Rhopalurus lambdophorus Mello-Leitão, 1932: 12–15, 31, 38, 39, fig. 8, 8a–8c (previously synonymized with R. acromelas by Lourenço, 1982 a: 129); Prado, 1940: 26, 30; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266, 278, 279; Lourenço, 1982 a: 129; syn. nov. Rhopalurus intermedius: Mello-Leitão, 1932: 14; Prado, 1940: 26, 28; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267, 277, 278; Bücherl, 1959: 268. Heteroctenus borellii: Meise, 1934: 42. Centruroides (Rhopalurus) borellii: Werner, 1934: 274, fig. 33, 33a. Rhopalurus dorsomaculatus Prado, 1938: 347– 349, figs. 1, 2 (previously synonymized with R. borellii by Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 262); Prado, 1940: 26, 33, fig.; Lourenço, 1982 a: 128; syn. nov. Rhopalurus goiasensis Prado, 1940: 26, 31, 32, fig. (previously synonymized with R. acromelas by Lourenço, 1982 a: 133); syn. nov. Rhopalurus iglesiasi dorsomaculatus: Mello- Leitão, 1945: 267, 275–277, figs. 113, 114; Bücherl, 1959: 268; Lucas and Bücherl, 1971: 636, figs. 1–4. Rhopalurus stenochirus goyasensis: Mello-Leitão, 1945: 267; Lourenço, 1979: 215. Rhopalurus stenochirus melleipalpus: Mello- Leitão, 1945: 267, 292, 293. Rhopalurus stenochirus goiasensis: Mello-Leitão, 1945: 290–292; Lucas and Bücherl, 1972: 263. Rhopalurus borelli borelli: Jaume, 1954: 1090. Rhopalurus stenochirus goiazensis: Bücherl, 1959: 269. Rhopalurus agamemnom: Porto et al., 2010: 294, fig. 2A. TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Androctonus agamemnon: Holotype [sex?] (ZMB) [lost]. Ceará: Rhopalurus melleipalpus: Holotype ♀ [lost], Assare. Rhopalurus lambdophorus: Holotype ♂ [lost; original type depository unknown;?“ Museu Rocha, Ceará ”], Ceará. Goiás: Rhopalurus borellii: 1?juv. ♀ lectotype [desig. Lourenço, 1982 a: 139] (BMNH 1842.6.20.1), Goiás; paralectotype ♂ (BMNH). Rhopalurus dorsomaculatus: Holotype ♀ (IBSP 35), Cana Brava, Nova Roma. Rhopalurus goiasensis: 1 juv.? ♂ holotype (IBSP 66), paratype ♀ (IBSP 31), Cana Brava. Piauí: Centrurus intermedius: Holotype ♀ (NMW 2246), Barra do Parnaguá. Rhopalurus acromelas: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ syntypes [lost], Terezina. Rhopalurus iglesiasi: 1 ♂, 8 ♀ syntypes (SMF 5280), Piauí. DIAGNOSIS: Jaguajir agamemnon is most closely related to J. pintoi. The two species resemble one another, and differ from J. rochae, in their darker coloration and broader metasoma. Whereas the base coloration is brown to black, and the metasoma of the male markedly wider posteriorly in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi, the base coloration is pale to dark yellow, and the metasoma of the male slightly wider posteriorly in J. rochae. Additionally, the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are markedly curved, creating a large proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male is reduced or absent in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi, whereas the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are slightly curved, creating a small proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male exhibits a prominent proximal lobe, in J. rochae. Furthermore, the subaculear tubercle of the telson is well developed and spinoid in J. agamemnon, but very reduced, forming a small protuberance, in J. pintoi and J. rochae. Jaguajir agamemnon can be further differentiated from J. pintoi as follows. Jaguajir agamemnon is bicolored and generally paler, with the prosoma and tergites I–VI brown and tergite VII, metasoma, telson, pedipalps, and legs lighter, somewhat orange, whereas J. pintoi, is almost uniformly dark, with the prosoma, tergites, metasoma, telson, and pedipalps dark brown to black, and the sternites, legs, and telson somewhat lighter, reddish brown. Additionally, the metasoma of J. agamemnon is proportionally more slender, with metasomal segment V approximately 1.5× longer than wide, than that of J. pintoi, with metasomal segment V almost as wide as long. The dorsolateral carinae of the metasomal segments comprise small, acuminate granules in J. agamemnon, whereas the carinae comprise blunt spiniform granules, increasing in size posteriorly, especially prominent on segments III and IV, in J. pintoi. DISTRIBUTION: Jaguajir agamemnon is endemic to northeastern Brazil and recorded from the states of Bahía, Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Tocantins (fig. 7). ECOLOGY: This species inhabits open savannah. Personally collected specimens were found under stones during the day and with UV light detection at night. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001 b). REMARKS: The evidence and analyses presented by Esposito et al. (in review) demonstrated that R. acromelas is conspecific with J. agamemnon, justifying its synonymy, and that of its former synonyms, with the latter, resulting in the following new synonyms: Rhopalurus acromelas Lutz and Mello, 1922 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus melleipalpus Lutz and Mello, 1922 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus iglesiasi Werner, 1927 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus lambdophorus Mello-Leitão, 1932 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus dorsomaculatus Prado, 1938 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov.; Rhopalurus goiasensis Prado, 1940 = Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), syn. nov. MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Maranhão: Balsas, 07°28′44″S 46°07′0 9″W, 4.vi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 ♀ (MZSP 31132/AMCC [LP 9948]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31133/AMCC [LP 9932]); Caxias, 04°56′26″S 43°27′59″W, 16.viii.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 30883/AMCC [LP 9692]), 04°56′50″S 43°29′45″W, 15.viii.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31134/AMCC [LP 9936]); Santa Barbara, on shore of Rio Parnaíba, vi.1962, G. Eiten, 1 ♂ (AMNH). Pernambuco: Exu, 10 km N, 13.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, rocky habitat within thorn scrub forest, 1 ♀, 1 subad. ♀, 4 juv. (AMNH), 14.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, rocky habitat in thorn scrub, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Exu, 10 km NE, 28.iv.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 subad. ♀, 2 subad., 1 juv. (AMNH), 25.ix.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Exu, 15 km NE, 14.v.1977, L.J. Vitt, high caatinga, under bark of tree, 1 subad. ♀ (AMNH); Exu, 20 km E, 30.iii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 juv. ♂ (AMNH); Fazenda Caterino, 10 km NE Exu, 1.viii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 juv. ♂ (AMNH), 25.ix.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 ♀ (AMNH), 9.vii.1977, L.J. Vitt, 1 subad. ♂ (AMNH). Piauí: Barras, 04°19′0 4″S 42°18′26″W, 18.viii.2008, R. Pintoda-Rocha et al., 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 30884/AMCC [LP 9693]); Castelo do Piauí, 05°13′43″S 41°41′57″W, 13.viii.2008, R. Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 1 ♀ (MZSP 30887/AMCC [LP 9696]), 1 subad. ♂ (MZSP 31157/AMCC [LP 9933]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31156/AMCC [LP 9939]); Oeiras, 06°58′28″S 42°06′31″W, 2–3.iv.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti et al., 1 ♂ (MZSP 31160/AMCC [LP 9954]), 1 ♀ (MZSP 31161/AMCC [LP 9942]); Piracuruca, near Parque Nacional Sete Cidades, 04°10′0 7″S 41°41′56.7″W, 16.viii.2008, R. Pintoda-Rocha and L.S. Carvalho, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31167/ AMCC [LP 9949]); Sítio Ouro Verde, Teresina, 04°54′13.9″S 42°47′27.1″W, 27.vii.2008, L.S. Carvalho, 1 subad. ♂ (MZSP 30886/AMCC [LP 9695]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31169/AMCC [LP 9960]); Teresina, Campus UFPI, 05°02′43.5″S 42°46′13.4″W, 16.viii.2008, UFPI, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31170/AMCC [LP 9929]). Tocantins: Mateiros, Jalapão, 10°33.811′S 46°27.409′W, 17.iv.2009, S. Outeda-Jorge and F. Marques, 1 ♂ (MZSP 31182/ AMCC [LP 9938]), 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 31180/ AMCC [LP 9934]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31181/ AMCC [LP 9958]); Rio da Conceição, estrada para E.E. Serra Geral, 11°22′26″S 46°49′11″W, 7.vi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti, M.B. da Silva and T.J. Porto, 1 ♀ (MZSP 30885/AMCC [LP 9694]), 1 subad. ♀ (MZSP 31193/AMCC [LP 9935]).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 80-82, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
Jaguajir Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017, gen. nov.
No full textJaguajir, gen. nov. Figures 1 C, D, 2D, 6–8, 10B–D, 11D, 12A, 15C, D, F, 17C, 19C, D, F, 21D–F, 22D–F, 23S–V, 24A–H, 41–47 Androctonus agamemnon C.L. Koch, 1839 (= Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov.), type species, here designated. Androctonus (part): C.L. Koch, 1839: 103–105, pl. CCV, fig. 506. Tityus (part): C.L. Koch, 1850: 91; Pocock, 1902b: 377. Heteroctenus (part): Pocock, 1893: 393; Meise, 1934: 42. Centrurus (part): Kraepelin, 1895: 95; 1899: 89, 94; 1908: 187, 190, 194; Penther, 1913: 240 – 243, figs. 1–4; Werner, 1927: 358; Mello- Leitão, 1945: 286. Rhopalurus (part): Pocock, 1902a: 37; 1902 b: 377, 378; Borelli, 1910: 3–5; Lutz and Mello, 1922a: 25, 26; 1922b: 25; Penther, 1913: 242, 243, figs. 3, 4; Lutz and Mello, 1922b: 25; Mello-Campos, 1924a: 252, 275–286, pl. 5, fig. 27, pl. 8, fig. 34, pl. 10, fig. 35, 36, pl. 11, figs. 37–39; 1924b: 318, 341, 342–349, 351, 352, pl. 5, fig. 27, pl. 8, fig. 34, pl. 10, figs. 35, 36, pl. 11, figs. 37–39; Werner, 1927: 357, 358, fig. 2a–2d; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 11–15, 30, 31, 38, 39, 46, fig. 2a–2c, 8a–8c; Vellard, 1932: 556; Meise, 1934: 42; Viquez, 1935: 111, fig. 40; Prado, 1938: 347–349, figs. 1, 2; 1939: 6; 1940: 25–36, fig.; Roewer, 1943: 219; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266–272, 274–279, 284–293, figs. 113–115, 118–121; Jaume, 1954: 1090; Bücherl, 1959: 268, 269; 1967: 112; 1969: 767; 1971: 327; Lucas and Bücherl, 1971: 635–637; 1972: 252, 262, 263, 276, 282, 283, pl. 11, fig. 38; Stahnke and Calos, 1977: 119; Lourenço, 1979: 215, fig. 7; Araújo, 1981: 235; Lucas et al., 1981: 128, 129, tables 1, 2; Lourenço, 1982 a: 107, 108, 115–117, 122, 123, 128, 129, 133–139, figs. 1, 25–28, 39–62, 64–78, table 1; 1982b: 74, figs. 1–3; 1984b: 14; 1986a: 133, figs. 10, 11, 15; 1986b: 165, 170, fig. 7; 1990: 161; 1992: 55; 1997a: 590; Lourenço and Cloudsley- Thompson, 1995: 423–425, 428, figs. 1, 3–7; Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997: 183– 185, figs. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15–21; Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 217, 218, 221, 222; Lourenço et al., 2000: 143; Lourenço, 2002: 92, 93, 104–106, 110, 111, 304– 305, figs. 39, 192–204, 232–250; Manzanilla and Sousa, 2003: 9; Lourenço et al., 2004: figs. 9–10; Lenarducci et al., 2005: 7, table 2; Lira-da-Silva et al., 2005: 2; Teruel, 2006: 50–52; Lourenço, 2007: 359–361, fig. 1; Kamenz and Prendini, 2008: 9, table 2, pl. 44; Lourenço, 2008: 1, 3, 4–7, 9–12, figs. 2–4, 10–17, table 1; Teruel and Tietz, 2008: 1–3, 5–8, figs. 1–4, 7, table 1, 2; Volschenk et al., 2008: 651, 652, 654, 660, 661, 663, 664, 674, fig. 2E, tables 1, 2; Outeda-Jorge et al., 2009: 44, 46, 48, 49, fig. 4; Prendini et al., 2009: 222–224; Brazil and Porto, 2010: 25, 50, 59, 66, figs. 5B, 7A; Porto et al., 2010: 292–296, fig. 2A, B, table 1; Lourenço, 2014: 69; Ubinski et al., 2016: 122. Centruroides (part): Werner, 1927: 357; 1934: 274, fig. 33a. DIAGNOSIS: Jaguajir, gen. nov., differs from all other rhopalurusine genera by the fused lateral ocular and anterior central submedian carinae of the carapace. It differs further from Centruroides, Ischnotelson, gen. nov., Physoctonus, and Troglorhopalurus by the presence of a pecten-sternite stridulatory organ (proximal pectinal teeth, dorsal surfaces without nodules but with regular striations, sternite III, ventromedian carina elevated anteriorly, ventrosubmedian surfaces forming paired depressions, covered by large, regularly spaced acuminate granules, lateral margins forming smooth, raised carina); from Rhopalurus and Ischnotelson by the separate (unfused) central lateral and posterior central submedian carinae of the carapace; from Centruroides and Troglorhopalurus by the robust metasoma, increasing in width posteriorly (more so in the adult male); from Centruroides by the presence of macrosetae on the dorsobasal surface of the pectinal teeth; from Heteroctenus by the absence of depressions in the male pectinal plate and the presence of a subaculear tubercle on the telson; from Ischnotelson by the separate (unfused) lateral ocular and central lateral carinae of the carapace and the telson vesicle not laterally compressed; from Physoctonus by the larger size (30–70 mm), the more distinct carapacial carinae, the setose proximal dorsal fulcra of the pectines, the incrassate pedipalp chela manus of the adult male, the bifurcate prolateral pedal spur of leg I, and the oblique subrows of primary denticles on the pedipalp chela fingers flanked closely by pro- and retrolateral accessory (supernumerary) denticles; and from Troglorhopalurus by the proximal dentate margin of the chela fixed and movable fingers of the adult male emarginate, with a distinct gap evident between them, when closed. ETYMOLOGY: The name is taken from the Tupi word jaguajira, meaning “scorpion,” or “one who devours” (Von Martius, 1867). It is masculine in gender. DESCRIPTION: The following general description outlines characters common to the species of Jaguajir, gen. nov. Total length: Large, robust scorpions (total length, 50–110 mm). Color: Coloration varies considerably among the three species of the genus (fig. 1C, D), with J. pintoi predominantly dark brown to black, J. rochae predominantly pale to dark yellow, and J. agamemnon bicolored, with carapace and tergites I–VI brown, and tergite VII, metasoma, telson, pedipalps, and legs lighter, somewhat orange. Despite the differences, in all three species, the pectines are paler than the carapace, tergites, and metasoma; the legs, chelicerae, and pedipalps similar to or paler than the carapace, tergites, and metasoma; the coxosternal region and sternites slightly paler than the carapace, tergites, and metasoma; and sternite VII is slightly darker than the preceding sternites. Chelicerae: Base, dorsal surface with medial transverse row of well-developed tubercles. Carapace: Median ocular tubercle raised (fig. 15C, D, F); two median ocelli; three pairs of lateral macroocelli; one pair of lateral microocelli. Anteromedian, median ocular, and posteromedian sulci well developed, forming single, almost continuous, longitudinal sulcus. Lateral ocular and anterior central submedian carinae distinct, coarsely granular to costate-granular, and fused; central lateral and posterior central submedian carinae distinct, coarsely granular to costategranular, and separate (unfused). Pedipalps: Pedipalp femur retrolateral accessory carinae absent. Pedipalp chela manus of adult male incrassate, fixed and movable fingers curved proximally (fixed finger curved dorsally, movable finger curved ventrally), such that proximal dentate margin emarginate, distinct gap present between fingers proximally, when closed (fig. 41), manus of female not incrassate, fixed and movable fingers not curved proximally, such that proximal dentate margin sublinear, little or no gap present between them proximally, when closed (fig. 42); manus, proventral carina present, promedian carina absent; fixed and movable fingers, median denticle rows each comprising eight oblique subrows of primary denticles (J. agamemnon and J. rochae), or nine and 13 subrows, respectively (J. pintoi), flanked closely by pro- and retrolateral accessory (supernumerary) denticles; movable finger with or without proximal lobe (fig. 17 C). Pedipalps orthobothriotaxic Type A, α configuration; femur with five dorsal trichobothria, trichobothrium d 2 situated on prolateral surface; patella trichobothrium d 3 situated retrolateral to dorsomedian carina; chela fixed finger trichobothrium db proximal to trichobothrium et. Legs: Legs III and IV, tibial spurs absent; I–IV, basitarsi each with bifurcate prolateral pedal spur; telotarsi each with distinct pro- and retroventral rows of fine, acuminate macrosetae. Pectines: Pectinal plate without median depressions (male), anterior margin without sulcus (figs. 11D, 19C, D, F). Pectines proximally expanded, at least 1.5× wider proximally than medially; proximal dorsal fulcra setose; pectinal teeth almost straight, slightly curved laterally, proximal teeth, dorsal surfaces sinuous, due to presence of distal elevation, covered with striations, dorsobasal surfaces with macrosetae; pectinal sensillae peg shaped (fig. 12A). Mesosoma: Tergites IV and V wider than I–III (figs. 45–47); I–VI tricarinate, dorsomedian carinae finely granular, restricted to posterior two thirds on I–V, complete on VI; dorsosubmedian carinae finely granular, restricted to posterior third on I–III, restricted to posterior quarter on IV–VI. Tergite VII pentacarinate, dorsomedian carina restricted to anterior third of segment. Sternites smooth, carinate obsolete, more developed on VI and VII; sternite III, lateral margins forming smooth, raised carina, ventromedian carina elevated anteriorly, ventrosubmedian surfaces forming paired depressions covered by large, regularly spaced acuminate granules; respiratory spiracles (stigmata), width more than 5× length (figs. 10 B–D). Metasoma: Metasoma robust, increasing slightly to markedly in width posteriorly, segment V slightly or considerably wider than I in adult male, similar or slightly wider than I in adult female (figs. 43, 44). Segments I–III each with 10 distinct, costate-granular carinae, IV with eight distinct, costate-granular carinae, V with seven distinct but less pronounced, granular carinae; dorsosubmedian carinae obsolete, reduced to rows of granules on dorsal surfaces of segments I–IV, more pronounced on segment I; dorsolateral carinae complete on segments I–IV, and terminating in prominent, spiniform granules posteriorly on II and, to a greater extent, III on IV, absent on V; lateral supramedian carinae complete on segments I–V; lateral inframedian carinae complete on segments I–III, absent on IV and V; ventrosubmedian carinae complete on segments I–IV, restricted to anterior third of V; ventromedian carina absent on segments I–IV, complete on V. Intercarinal surfaces finely to coarsely granular. Telson: Vesicle subspherical, not laterally compressed, narrower than metasoma V; anterodorsal lateral lobes prominent (J. pintoi) or reduced (J. agamemnon and J. rochae); lateral and ventral surfaces granular or smooth, with shallow ventromedian carina; subaculear tubercle present, prominent and spinoid (J. agamemnon) or vestigial (J. pintoi and J. rochae). Hemispermatophore: Flagelliform; flagellum, elongate and narrow (figs. 23S–V, 24A–H); trunk markedly concave; three lobules, ental (LI), ectal (LE), and basal (LB); LI inclined slightly to sinistral side relative to axis of trunk and continuous until flagellar base; flagellar base narrow, half (J. pintoi and J. rochae) to one third (J. agamemnon) maximum width of trunk; LE length ca. half (J. pintoi) to two thirds (J. agamemnon and J. rochae) that of LI, with sharp tip and base width similar to that of LB; LB short, carina shaped, with sharp tip (J. pintoi), angle between LB and LE 45° (J. agamemnon and J. rochae) to 80° (J. pintoi). Cytogenetics: The diploid chromosome number of J. agamemnon, J. pintoi, and J. rochae (table 2) is 2n = 28 (Ubinski et al., 2016). INCLUDED SPECIES: Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov.; Jaguajir pintoi (Mello- Leitão, 1932), comb. nov.; Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov. DISTRIBUTION: Jaguajir is endemic to north and northeastern South America (figs. 6–8). Confirmed locality records occur in Brazil and Guyana, but the genus may also occur in Venezuela (Prendini et al., 2009). A single from record from Kourou, French Guiana (Lourenço, 2008) remains to be confirmed. ECOLOGY: The three species of this genus are typically associated with open vegetation (caatinga and cerrado; fig. 2D), and have been collected under stones during the day and with UV light detection at night. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001 b). REMARKS: The consistent paraphyly of Rhopalurus in the analyses by Esposito et al. (in review) and the identification of a well-defined, monophyletic group, comprising three species from northern and northeastern Brazil, i.e., R. agamemnon, R. pintoi, and R. rochae, justifies the creation of the new genus and the transfer of those species to it, resulting in three new combinations (fig. 13). The recognition of a new genus is consistent with the cytogenetic study of Ubinski et al. (2016) which identified a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 28 for R. agamemnon, R. pintoi, and R. rochae (table 2).Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 70-80, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/85138
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