1,721,062 research outputs found
Life cycle assessment di impianti di osmosi inversa per l'arricchimento dei mosti
No full textL’arricchimento dei mosti costituisce una delle più diffuse pratiche enologiche,
finalizzata al raggiungimento di un ottimale grado zuccherino nei mosti elevando, entro
i limiti della legislazione Comunitaria, il contenuto di zuccheri riduttori e
conseguentemente il grado alcolico del vino prodotto. Attualmente il processo enologico
di concentrazione più diffuso è quello ad alta temperatura che però risulta
energeticamente dispendioso e suscettibile di incidere negativamente sulle
caratteristiche organolettiche del prodotto. Recentemente si stanno affacciando sul
mercato altri metodi di concentrazione quali la concentrazione a bassa temperatura o
l’osmosi inversa. I sistemi di concentrazione ad osmosi inversa, tuttavia, rimangono
poco studiati nelle applicazioni enologiche, in particolare per quanto riguarda le
membrane semipermeabili da impiegare e i vari aspetti energetici ed ambientali degli
impianti, in funzione anche delle variabili di processo.
Il presente volume illustra i risultati del progetto di ricerca finanziato dalla Regione
Puglia ed è frutto della collaborazione dei merceologi afferenti al Dipartimento Jonico
dell’Università degli Studi di Bari, che hanno condotto negli ultimi venti anni numerose
ricerche sulla compatibilità ambientale di prodotti e processi appartenenti a svariati
settori merceologici, e l’azienda Itest Srl di Corato (Ba), produttrice di impianti per i
settori enologico, oleario, pastario e caseario. Obiettivo generale della ricerca è stato
quello di acquisire le conoscenze necessarie a stabilire le caratteristiche ambientali che
gli impianti di osmosi inversa per l’arricchimento dei mosti devono possedere, ai fini di
un’ottimizzazione della realizzazione degli stessi.
Il testo riporta, oltre ad una panoramica sullo strumento del Life Cycle Assessment e
sulla sua recente evoluzione, un approfondimento sul processo di concentrazione dei
mosti con le varie tecniche esistenti. Vengono successivamente illustrati i risultati della
ricerca seguendo l’articolazione proposta dalla norma ISO 14040 sull’Analisi del Ciclo
di Vita del prodotto
Industrial symbiosis in the Taranto industrial district: current level, constraints and potential new synergies
No full textThe environmental crisis affecting the Taranto provincial industrial district in Italy, centred around the
Ilva steelworks, has made its existence within the surrounding contexts unsustainable. The application of
industrial symbiosis principles in this district can certainly represent a purposeful means for a move
towards a more sustainable industrial system. This work presents the results of a research project,
funded by the Caripuglia Foundation, for a study of industrial symbiosis in the Taranto industrial district.
The study of the district, which is characterized by the presence of heavy industries such as steelworks,
oil refinery, cement industry and power stations with an energy consumption of 182.4 PJ/year, identified
the industrial sectors and firms that could be involved in symbiotic activities and the spontaneous
existing synergic interactions taking place among the largest firms of the district. The study has also
quantified and illustrated the useful recycling, within various industrial sectors, of inefficiently used and
disposed waste energy (44.6 PJ/year of heat) and material waste and by-products (3.28 Mt/year). Among
the latter are steelworks slag, mill scale, spent refractories and coal fly ash. However, the study has
revealed that, despite the presence of multiple anchor tenants on the territory, the industrial symbiosis is
still implemented at a basic level. There are different constraints on the full development of the industrial
symbiosis in the industrial district of Taranto. Among these, the focus of the entrepreneurs on their core
business was the main one, while additional uses of the current waste are seen as a diversion of human
resources and capital
Environmental and technical improvement of a grape must concentration system via a life cycle approach
No full textIrregularities in grape yields can often affect wine production both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Hence concentration systems, such as those based on reverse osmosis, are often employed to overcome
such problems. The present study illustrates the results of a life cycle assessment approach implemented
as means to improve the existing performance and sustainability of a specific industrial reverse osmosis
concentration system used in a southern Italian winery to concentrate a specific must. The application of
lifecycle approaches to reverse osmosis must concentration is sparsely documented in scientific literature
with little or no specific data. The life cycle assessment of this study, developed using large amounts
of inventory data and other novel information gathered from industrial testing, has highlighted the use
phase as the most impacting one due to the energy consumption during the concentration operations
and due to the membrane cleaning operations. In view of these results, the machine setup was improved
and tested by varying the feed-flow velocity and the resulting new setup re-assessed via a life cycle
approach. The final results exhibit the relationship between permeate production and feed flow velocity
that does not appear to have been sufficiently investigated in other work found in literature regarding
wine must. Specifically, the curve fitted to the experimental readings indicates that the maximum
performance of the reverse osmosis system under analysis is achieved with a feed-flow velocity of
approximately 2 m/s. Furthermore the new optimised setup of the machine lowered the environmental
profile of all impact categories within a range from a minimum of 25.3% to a maximum of 26.7%, due to
lower energy consumption, higher permeate production and reduced cleaning operations for the
membranes. Concurrently to the environmental optimisation a technical improvement was identified,
namely the substitution of the over-dimensioned piston pump, together with a potential reduction of
purchase, running and labour costs of the optimised reverse osmosis system. Overall the study highlights
the utility of analysing industrial machinery, such as reverse osmosis must concentration systems, from a
life cycle analysis perspective, that can bring about not only environmental sustainability improvements
but also technical and economic developments
Valutazione economica: gli effetti sanitari come esternalità negativa.
No full textobiettivo del presente contributo ai lavori del workshop ”Valutazione
economica degli effetti sanitari dell’inquinamento atmosferico:
la metodologia dell’eea” è quello di descrivere la metodologia
impact pathway analysis (ipa), che è considerata dalla commissione
europea come la più idonea per effettuare valutazioni economiche
delle esternalità legate all’inquinamento di siti produttivi,
e confrontarla con la metodologia sviluppata dall’european environmental
agency (eaa) nel rapportorevealing the costs of air
pollution from industrial facilities in europe (eaa, 2011).
sin dal 1990 la commissione europea con un team di oltre 200
scienziati dei diversi paesi membri e con un investimento di oltre 15
m€ ha lanciato il progetto ExternE il quale, attraverso lo sviluppo della
metodologia di ipa si pone l’obiettivo di valutare in modo site specific
il danno ambientale e monetario derivante dal funzionamento
di centrali termoelettriche alimentate con combustibili fossili, con
fonti rinnovabili e con combustibile nucleare (externe, 1995).
il contributo si articola su tre parti: l’introduzione, in cui verrà
descritto l’inquinamento in termini di esternalità, e sarà evidenziata
l’utilità della quantificazione dei costi esterni con le metodologie
ipa di tipo site-specific e le differenze con il Life Cycle Inventory
(lci) di tipo site-indipendent; nella seconda parte verrà
maggiormente dettagliato l’approccio dell’IPA nel progetto ExternE;
il contributo termina con una breve descrizione del rapporto
dell’eea, Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities
in Europe, operando una comparazione tra l’ipa e i risultati del predetto
rapporto dell’eaa, , ottenuti con una metodologia di impact
pathway approach
Life Cycle Assessment of a steelworks
No full textThe purpose of this work is that of carrying out an accurate and extensive environmental
analysis of the steel production in the Taranto district, in order to highlight its main hot spots.
The development for such an analysisis based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of steel
production. The analysis has the specific objective of identifying the use of material and energy
together with the quantities and qualities of the emissions during all the lifecycle phases. The
LCA has a cradle to LD-converter gate approach that covers the stages from raw material
extraction to solid steel production. The results give an indication of the most burdening phases
of the steelmaking process, in terms of impact categories and energy consumption, and at the
same time they represent an information basin that can be used for the identification of possible
improvements needed to progress the sustainability of the steelworks and its surrounding
productive distric
L’efficienza energetica: quadro di riferimento europeo ed italiano alla luce della direttiva 2012/27/UE
No full textEuropean wheat environmental profile
No full textThe objective of this study is that of getting an insight into the environmental burden of wheat
production and consumption at national level in the EU by taking into account national wheat
imports and fertiliser and pesticide use. In order to accomplish such an environmental study a Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is implemented. The method used for this work involves: the
statistical analysis of EU wheat production and consumption; the inventory analysis of EU wheat
production; and the environmental analysis of wheat consumption of each EU country via LCA.
The results highlight differences in the environmental impact of wheat consumption among the EU
member nations deriving from the different use of fertilisers and pesticides, climatic conditions,
production yields and quantities and origin of the imports needed to cover such national wheat
consumptions
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