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Effect of feed restriction during post-weaning growth on muscle energy metabolism and on fibre contractile and metabolic properties of biceps femoris muscle in the rabbit
No full textAt weaning (five weeks of age), 50 hybrid rabbits were at random divided into five groups (labelled blocks). Block 1, which were fed ad libitum with a commercial diet during weaning period, were slaughtered. The remaining rabbits were placed in individual cages and fed the same amount of food until slaughter, but differently rationed. From 5 to 8 wk of age, the rabbits coming from blocks 2 and 4 received 70% of ad libitum, meanwhile those belonging to blocks 3 and 5 received 90% of ad libitum. Animals of blocks 2 and 3 were slaughtered at 8 wk of age, while those of blocks 4 and 5 received the reverse restriction level and were slaughtered at 11 wk of age. All the animals were weighed before slaughter and the Biceps femoris muscle was immediately dissected and thereafter its fibers were typed (βR, αR and αW) and mean cross-sectional area was determined for each muscle. As expected, at eight-weeks slaughter age, rabbits given for 3 weeks the strictest feed restriction (70% of the ad libitum) showed the lowest body weight but presented significantly higher (P<0.01) body weights after successive 3 weeks of rationing at 90% of the ad libitum, if compared with the rabbits that followed the inverse feeding treatment. The 70-90% rationing mode reduced the proportion of oxidative fibers. No relationship was found between the enlargement of muscle fibers and body weight. At the light of actual knowledge further investigations are needed to better understand the relationship between feed restriction and fiber characteristics
EFFECT OF SOME BIOLOGICAL AND ZOOTECHNICAL FACTORS ON APPEARANCE OF GIANT FIBRES IN THE RABBIT. CONSEQUENCES ON MUSCLE FIBRE TYPE, MORPHOLOGY AND MEAT QUALITY
Full text link[EN] Three experiments were carried out to investigate
the contribution of sorne factors on the frequency of appearance and
on histochemical and morphological traits of giant fibres (GF), and
the effect of the GF presence on muscle fibre type and morphology
and on meat quality. Experiment 1 tested the effect of the type of
muscle (bíceps femoris - BF, gastrocnemius media/is - GM, so/eus -
SOL, semimembronosus proprius - SMP, longissimus /umborum -
LL, psoas major - PM). Experiment 2 considered the age at slaughter
(5, 8 and 11 weeks) and feeding restriction (ad libitum: until 5 weeks
of age, followed by slaughter; L-H: 70% ad libitum from 5 to 8 weeks
of age, then 90% from 8 to 11 weeks; H-L: the opposite). Experiment
3 took into account the sire genetic origin (INRA9077, INRA3889,
Hy+), the dietary energy concentration (H diet: 11.99 MJ DE/kg DM; L diet: 9.67 MJ DE/kg DM) and the age at
slaughter (69, 74 or 84 days) at equal body weight (2.5 kg). On all
muscles considered, GF were always classified into the 3 fibre types
(a.W, a.R and J3R) even though ene or more fibre types were not
present into the normal fibres of a given muscle. The type of muscle
infiuenced (P GM =SOL = SMP
> LL > PM). The frequency of appearance of GF was reduced as age
increased (P<0.05). Animals with GF exhibited the highest pHu ( BF:
5.83 vs 5.76, P<0.05), percentages (BF: 5.3 vs 3.6%, P<0.10) and
cross-sectional area (LL: 1643 vs 1243~1m2 , P<0.01) of J3R fibres.
lncreasing numbers of GF in BF muscle also led to an increase in
percentage of a.R fibres (P<0.05), aldolase activity (P<0.01 ), and
pHu (P<0.05).[FR] Dans le but d'étudier la contribution de plusieurs facteurs sur la
fréquence d'apparition et sur les caractéristiques istochimiques et
morphologiques des fibres géantes (GF) et l'effet de leur présence
sur le typage et la morphologie des fibres musculaires et sur la
qualité de la viand~. 3 expérimentations ont été conduites.
L'expérimentation 1 a évalué l'effet du type de muscle (bíceps
femoris - BF, gastrocnemius media/is - GM, so/eus - SOL,
semimembronosus proprius - SMP, /ongissimus lumborum - LL,
psoas major - PM). L'expérimentation 2 a considéré l'áge a
l'abattage (5, 8 et 11 semaines) et le rationnement alimentaire (ad
libitum: jusqu'a l'áge de 5 semaines, suivi par l'abattage; L-H: 70%
du ad libitum de 5 a 8 semaines, puis 90% de 8 a 11 semaines; H-L:
l'opposé). L'expérimentation 3 a étudié l'effet du type génétique (INRA9077, INRA 3889, Hy+), la concentration énergétique de
l'aliment (H: 11.99 MJ ED/Kg MS; L: 9.67 MJ ED/kg MS) et l'áge a
l'abattage (69, 74, 84 jours) a poids vif égal (2.5 kg). Dans tous les
muscles, GF ont été toujours classifiées dans les 3 types de fibres
(a.W, a.R and J3R) meme si les fibres normales d'un muscle donné ne
présentaient pas un ou l'autre type de fibre. Le type de muscle a
influencé significalivement (P<0.001) l'apparition des GF chez les 13 animaux
considérés dans rexpérimentation 1 (BF>GM=SOL=SMP>LL>PM). La
fréquence d'apparition des GF a été réduite en augmentant l'age a
l'abattage (P<0.05). Les animaux avec GF ont présenté valeurs de
pHu (m. BF: 5.83 vs 5.76, P<0.05), pourcentages (m. BF: 5.4 vs
3.7%, P<0.1 O) et dimensions (m. LL: 1643 vs 1243μm2
, P<0.01 ;) des
fibres J3R, les plus élevés. En augmentant le nombre des GF, la
pourcentage des fibres a.R (P<0.05), l'activité de l'aldolase (P<0.01)
et le pH (P<0.05) sont augmentés.Dalle Zotte, A.; Remignon, H.; Ouhayoun, J. (2001). EFFECT OF SOME BIOLOGICAL AND ZOOTECHNICAL FACTORS ON APPEARANCE OF GIANT FIBRES IN THE RABBIT. CONSEQUENCES ON MUSCLE FIBRE TYPE, MORPHOLOGY AND MEAT QUALITY. World Rabbit Science. 9(1). https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2001.439SWORD9
Meat quality and muscle fibre traits in rabbits of different genetic origin and sex
No full textThe results obtained in this study confirm that B and F crossbreds are less precocious than H rabbits. Furthermore, this study demonstrate that among B and F crossbreds, the B achieves earlier the fixed slaughter weight and produce leaner meat with a lower proportion of white muscle fibers but without change in the meat pHu and colour values. Compared to the H and F animals, the B ones evidenced a tendency towards higher CSA for all the fibre types in LL muscle. Further research need to be done in this area in order to clarify the relationship between the genetic origin and the fibre traits in rabbits slaughtered at advanced age for commercial purpose
Effect of maternal feed restriction on metabolic and contractile properties of muscle fibres of rabbit offspring
No full textThirty hybrid female rabbits of 15 weeks of age were at random divided into three groups and fed with one of the 3 following diets: "C diet" for young females (DE = 11.71 MJ/kg DM) fed ad libitum; "R diet" was the C diet fed at 80% of ad libitum, "F diet" rich in fiber (24.6% vs 18.7% for C diet; DE = 9.77 MJ/kg DM) fed ad libitum. The does were inseminated at the 19th weeks of age. The 3 diets were administered until the first parturition, afterwards all the does received the C diet ad libitum. Three pups per litter were slaughtered at birth, at 35d of age (weaning) and at 81d of age, respectively. At the second parturition, another pup per litter was slaughtered at birth. Ten minutes post mortem the Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle of each slaughtered rabbit was sampled and then underwent the histochemical treatment: mean cross-sectional area (CSA), compactness index (CI) and sphericity (SPH) of the fibers of the new-born rabbits; percentage of the fiber types (βR, αR or αW) and CSA for rabbits of 35 and 81d of age. At birth all the fibers of LL muscle were typed as αR. The maternal feed restriction, applied as qualitative restriction (diet F) or quantitative restriction (diet R) significantly increased the CI of LL fibers of newborn rabbits of the first kindling, while maternal feed restriction effect was not evident on young of second kindling. At weaning, the young rabbits belonging to the first kindling exhibited an effect of maternal feed rationing on fiber type distribution. R diet, compared with F and C diets, significantly increased the percentage of βR fibers, while F diet significantly reduced the percentage of αR fibers. The greatest effect of maternal feed restriction on weaning rabbit was observed on the percentage of αW fibers (P<0.01), which was the highest for F diet (85.2%), intermediate for C diet (78.0%) and the lowest for R diet (71.8%). At 81d of age, no effect of maternal dietary treatment was found on offspring
Effect of maternal feed restriction on muscular characteristics of rabbit offspring
No full textThirty hybrid female rabbits of 15 weeks of age were at random divided into three groups
and fed with one of the 3 following diets: "C diet" for young females (DE = 11.71 MJ/kg
DM) fed ad libitum; "R diet" was the C diet fed at 80% of ad libitum , "F diet" rich in fiber
(24.6% vs 18.7% for C diet; DE = 9.77 MJ/kg DM) fed ad libitum. The does were
inseminated at the 19th weeks of age. The 3 diets were administered until the first
parturition, afterwards all the does received the C diet ad libitum. Three pups per litter
were slaughtered at birth, at 35d of age (weaning) and at 81d of age, respectively. At the
second parturition, another pup per litter was slaughtered at birth. Ten minutes post
mortem the Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle of each slaughtered rabbit was sampled
and then underwent the histochemical treatment: mean cross-sectional area (CSA),
compactness index (CI) and sphericity (SPH) of the fibers of the new-born rabbits;
percentage of the fiber types (bR, aR or aW) and CSA for rabbits of 35 and 81d of age.
At birth all the fibers of LL muscle were typed as aR. The maternal feed restriction,
applied as qualitative restriction (diet F) or quantitative restriction (diet R) significantly
increased the CI of LL fibers of newborn rabbits of the first kindling, while maternal feed
restriction effect was not evident on young of second kindling. At weaning, the young
rabbits belonging to the first kindling exhibited an effect of maternal feed rationing on
fiber type distribution. R diet, compared with F and C diets, significantly increased the
percentage of ßR fibers, while F diet significantly reduced the percentage of aR fibers.
The greatest effect of maternal feed restriction on weaning rabbit was observed on the
percentage of aW fibers (P<0.01), which was the highest for F diet (85.2%), intermediate
for C diet (78.0%) and the lowest for R diet (71.8%). At 81d of age, no effect of maternal
dietary treatment was found on offspring
Effect of feed restriction during post-weaning growth on fiber characteristics of Biceps femoris muscle in the rabbit
No full textAt weaning (five weeks of age), 50 hybrid rabbits were at random divided into five groups (labelled blocks). Block 1, which were fed ad libitum with a commercial diet during weaning period, were slaughtered. The remaining rabbits were placed in individual cages and fed the same amount of food until slaughter, but differently rationed. From 5 to 8 wk of age, the rabbits coming from blocks 2 and 4 received 70% of ad libitum, meanwhile those belonging to blocks 3 and 5 received 90% of ad libitum. Animals of blocks 2 and 3 were slaughtered at 8 wk of age, while those of blocks 4 and 5 received the reverse restriction level and were slaughtered at 11 wk of age. All the animals were weighed before slaughter and the Biceps femoris muscle was immediately dissected and thereafter its fibers were typed (βR, αR and αW) and mean cross-sectional area was determined for each muscle. As expected, at eight-weeks slaughter age, rabbits given for 3 weeks the strictest feed restriction (70% of the ad libitum) showed the lowest body weight but presented significantly higher (P<0.01) body weights after successive 3 weeks of rationing at 90% of the ad libitum, if compared with the rabbits that followed the inverse feeding treatment. The 70-90% rationing mode reduced the proportion of oxidative fibers. No relationship was found between the enlargement of muscle fibers and body weight. At the light of actual knowledge further investigations are needed to better understand the relationship between feed restriction and fiber characteristics
The use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in the prediction of the chemical composition of goose fatty liver
No full textA proteomic approach to study local chicken breeds characterization
No full textAim of this study is to apply a proteomic approach for characterization of local
chicken breeds. The experiment involved a total of 29 males of Pépoi, Padovana, and Ermellinata local
chicken breeds. Sarcoplasmic protein fractions of breast muscle were analysed by bidimensional electrophoresis.
Image analysis followed by statistical analysis enabled to differentiate groups of individuals
on the similarities of protein expression. Individuals were distinguished into clusters and groups,
corresponding to the breed of origin. Results evidenced a possible utilisation of proteomic approach
in the field of breed characterization studies as an alternative to genomic analyses performed using
molecular markers, both for breed and product traceability purposes
Etude morphométrique et histochimique des fibres musculaires des lapereaux issus de mères nourries avec un aliment supplémenté en lysine
No full textMuscle fibre types in rabbit offspring in relation to different maternal dietary lysine contents. Forty-three does was fed control (C; Lysine: 0.68%) and 43 does a lysine supplemented diet (L; Lysine: 0.80%) during pregnancy and lactation. At birth, half litters of C does were put under C does (CC group), the other half under L does (CL group). The same procedure was followed for offspring of L does (LC and LL groups). Ten CC and 10 LL rabbits were slaughtered at kindling, 10 rabbits of each group (CC, CL, LC and LL) were slaughtered at 17d of age, 10 CC and 10 LL rabbits were slaughtered at 81d of age. The L. dorsi muscles were removed after death and fibre type percentage (αW, αR, βR) and morphometric traits were determined. At kindling age, the sphericity was higher in LL than in CC rabbits (P<0.01). Higher dietary lysine during lactation reduced the size and the percentage of β fibres in 17-days pups (P<0.10). At commercial slaughter age the LL rabbits showed lower percentage of βR fibres (P<0.05) than CC rabbits
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