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Everything needs to change, so everything can stay the same’:The Italian welfare state facing new social risks
Italian society is very different from what it was 20 years ago. The
social risks that the Italian population faced at the beginning of the
1990s have substantially changed, though some long-standing problems
– such as poverty and unemployment, which are widespread in the
South – still persist today. Although the main indicators of inequality
exhibited a stable trend until the explosion of the current crisis, in
the same period, major structural changes have largely redrawn the
map of social risksIn this chapter, we show how these social and economic changes
have not been matched by analogous transformations in the welfare
system
Policy inaction. L’inerzia delle politiche LTC in Italia e le sue ragioni
Italy’s long-term care (LTC) system has been caracterised by enduring institutional inertia, remaining virtually unchanged since 1990 – a situation without parallel in the European context. Even the Covid-19 pandemic, which prompted reform efforts in LTC systems across other European countries, failed to bring about significant change in Italy. Although the pandemic highlighted the system’s weaknesses and led to the introduction of a legislative reform tied to the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), this reform was never implemented. Various explanations have been offered for the persistent inertia in this policy sector. This article contributes to the discussion by examining the most recent LTC system reform and interpreting it as a case of policy inaction. Through this analysis, the article identifies the system’s prolonged stagnation as the outcome of several interconnected factors: the absence of a meaningful public debate, the influence of social stakeholders, competition between ministries, and the lack of strong political incentives to pursue reform
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