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Studies on Volatile Organic Compounds of Tuber borchii and T. asa-foetida.
No full textAscomata of two truffle species, Tuber borchii and T. asa-foetida, both naturally growing in woodlands of the Basilicata region (southern Italy), were identified on the basis of ascospore morphology and compared under a volatile organic compound profile to determine the particular volatile organic compounds that characterize each taxon. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the samples showed the presence of 1-methyl-1,3-butadiene as a primary component in both truffles. T. asa-foetida showed a compound, toluene, not present in T. borchii, which creates the penetrating "solvent" smell of the truffle
Viruses of globe artichoke: An overview
No full textAn account is given of the current knowledge of viruses that infect globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) and the diseases they cause. Most of the 23 viruses found in these crops were recorded from Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, where they constitute serious threats to the artichoke industry. They are: 10 viruses with isometric particles ca 30 nm in diameter that belong to six genera [Nepovirus (Artichoke Italian latent virus, Artichoke yellow ringspot virus, Artichoke Aegean ringspot virus, and Tomato black ring virus), Cheravirus (Artichoke vein banding virus), Fabavirus (Broad bean wilt virus), Ilarvirus (Tobacco streak virus), Cucumovirus (Cucumber mosaic virus), Tombusvirus (Artichoke mottled crinkle virus), and Anulavirus, a newly proposed genus in the family Bromoviridae (Pelargonium zonate spot virus)]; two viruses with rod-shaped rigid particles that belong to the genera Tobamovirus (Tobacco mosaic virus) and Tobravirus (Tobacco rattle virus); nine viruses with filamentous particles that belong to four genera [Potyvirus (Artichoke latent virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, and Turnip mosaic virus), Carlavirus (Artichoke latent virus M, Artichoke latent virus S, an unnamed virus distantly related serologically to Poplar mosaic virus), Potexvirus (Artichoke curly dwarf virus, Artichoke-degeneration virus, and Potato virus X), and Crinivirus (Tomato infectious chlorosis virus)]; two viruses with enveloped particles that belong to the family Rhabdoviridae (Cynara virus) or the genus Tospovirus (Tomato spotted wilt virus), respectively. The main properties of these viruses are illustrated and the techniques used for their detection and identification are reviewed. Micropropagation techniques for obtaining virus-free artichoke plants are also outlined
Properties of carnation yellow stripe virus, a member of the tobacco necrosis virus group
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