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Different in vitro response to rIL-1β of newborn and adult rat astroglia
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International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
Volume 9, Issue 5, 1991, Pages 501-507
Different in vitro response to rIL-1β of newborn and adult rat astroglia (Article)
Colasanti, M.a,
Ramacci, M.T.b,
Foresta, P.c,
Lauro, G.M.a
a Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università La Sapienza, Via degli Apuli, 1-00185 Roma, Italy
b Istituto per la Ricerca sulla Senescenza. SIGMA-TAU, Pomezia, Italy
View references (17)
Abstract
In recent literature, lymphokines have been reported to be able to promote both proliferation and maturation of some glial populations. In this paper, we compare the effect of rIL-1 on newborn and adult rat astroglial cells in vitro. In newborn, but not in adult astrocytes, 100 U/ml of rIL-1β increase [3H]thymidine incorporation with a maximal response by 3 days as compared to the control untreated culture. In contrast, rIL-1β induces an increase of GFAP immunoreactivity both in newborn and in adult astrocytes, as compared to the control untreated cells. These data indicate that, while both newborn and adult astroglial cells are capable of responding to rIL-1β, only newborn astrocytes can respond to this lymphokine with proliferation. Thus, it appears likely that different factors, other than rIL-1β, are needed by adult astrocytes to proliferate
Transient cerebral ischemia in the rat: a study by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
No full textThe energy state and the levels of metabolites involved in the phospholipid turnover during and following a transient cerebral ischemia have been evaluated with the aids of 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ischemia was induced by electrocoagulation of vertebral arteries in combination with transient occlusion of both common carotid arteries. After 10-min ischemia, the brain energy charge and the levels of high-energy phosphates were reduced, whereas lactic acid levels had undergone an 8-fold increase. Sixty minutes after cerebral blood flow recovery, brain energy charge and levels of high-energy phosphates returned to basal values, whereas lactic acid levels remained persistingly elevated; an increase in phosphocreatine was also observed. At this same time, glycerolphosphorylcholine levels were found to be significantly reduced
Disinhibition of the hypothalamo pituitary adrenocortical axis as a marker of brain aging in the rat: a model for the study of anti aging agents
No full textMicro- and macrostructure of learning in active avoidance: A quantitative approach
No full textThe dynamics of learning in the Active Avoidance test was analyzed at the trials level as well as at the level of daily sessions, each comprising numerous trials. The two scales (large scale for the sessions and small scale for the trials) were demonstrated to be mutually independent. The intermediate derived scales (blocks of trials) were found consistent among themselves and with small scale hut independent of the large one. Moreover, the two extreme scales were kinetically discriminable. These results point to the existence of two independent mechanisms for large and small scale learning together with the need to postulate a consolidation process during the rest period. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc
Multivariate data analysis in biochemistry: a new integrative approach to metabolic control in brain aging
No full textPrincipal component anal. (PCA) allows one to obtain a quant. measure of the state of metab. as a whole. This method was applied to the study of energy metab. during the aging process and of the effect of a drug (acetyl-1-carnitine) on the aging brain
NMDA-dependent NGF mRNA expression by human astrocytoma cells is mediated by nitric oxide
No full textImproved resolution of P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of phospholipids from brain
No full textA method is described wherein the resolution of P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the lipophilic fraction from a Bligh-Dyer extract of rat brain can be enhanced. The lipids are dispersed as micelles in aqueous solution with sodium deoxycholate, and spectral resolution is further optimized by adjusting the pH and by removing ions from the solution. The application of the method to the study of aging in rat brain serves as an example
VALPROIC ACID AND BICUCULLINE AFFECT TREFORMATION OF GLYCEROLIPID IN RAT BRAIN
No full textTo ascertain the effects of bicuculline and of sodium valproate on the incorporation of glycerol into rat brain lipid, rats were divided into 5 groups: (a) controls; (b) treated with sodium valproate
(400 mg/kg body wt); (c) treated with bicuculline (12.5 umol/kg body wt); (d) treated with sodium valproate as in (b) + bicuculline as in (c); and (e) treated with bicuculline (25 umol/jkg body wt). Only rats of group (e) had seizures, which lasted until the end of the experiment. Each animal received 20 uCi of [2-3H]glycerol by intraventricular route and was sacrificed 12 min afterwards. Hippocampi and cerebella were taken and lipid extracted and separated by chromatography. The type of treatment infiuenced very much the fate of injected, labeled glycerol. Indeed, total recovered radioactivity increased following either convulsions or the administration of valproate, whereas both treatments decreased the amount of radioactivity incorporated into lipid. These effects were more evident in cerebella than in hippocampi.
The distribution of radioactivity among lipid classes (diglyceride, triglyceride and total phospholipid) was also affected by seizures, which decreased the labeling ratio phospholipid/neutral lipid. The
distribution of radioactivity among phospholipid classes was infiuenced by bicuculline (both at convulsant . and non-convulsant doses) and these effects were sometimes antagonized by valproate. We conclude that some effects ofbicuculline are exerted through the systemic modifications due to seizures and that other effects are probably connected to neuronal hyperfiring. The data reported in this paper are consistent with both mechanisms of action proposed for valproate, i.e. increased membrane permeability and modifications of GABAergic systems
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