1,720,983 research outputs found
Delitto e Progetto, conoscere la tecnologia attraverso il metodo di Sherlock Holmes
No full textPerché ha quella forma? Di che materiale è fatto? Come è stato realizzato? Queste domande sono frequenti in chi cerca di comprendere le ragioni di una determinata forma, la scelta di un materiale, l’impiego di una lavorazione per realizzare un progetto. È possibile mediante un’analisi di un oggetto risalire alle scelte effettuate nel corso della progettazione? La curiosità è alla base delle conoscenze di un architetto e l’analisi di progetti realizzati da maestri ci permette di scoprire che delle scelte apparentemente solo tecniche sono il frutto di una comprensione delle problematiche tecnologiche e di una oro risoluzione all’interno del progetto. La comprensione dei processi progettuali di prodotti innovativi ci può dunque salvare dalla banalità di riproporre soltanto gli aspetti formali.
Questo saggio propone un lettura guidata all’analisi di alcuni oggetti di design, con l’accento alle problematiche tecnologiche che influenzano il progetto. Con questo intento ho trovato aiuto in Sherlock Holmes e nel suo infallibile metodo di indagine, alla ricerca dei misteri che si nascondono dietro ai progetti.Why in that shape? Which material is it? How was it made? These are some of the frequent questions that are likely to arise when one tries to understand the reasons for a given shape, the choice for a material, the processing to complete a design project. Is it possible to trace the origin of the design choices of an object by analizing it? Curiosity lies at the bottom of architects’ know-how and the analisys of a masterpiece allows us to learn an important lesson. Most of the design choices are not only technique-driven but they come from a deep comprehension/understanding of the technological issues they involve, as well as from the skill of solving them into the design process. The understanding of design processes of innovative products could really help designers and architects to avoid formal approaches.
This essay aims at showing a guided analisys of some design products, highlighting those technical issues that affect/shape the design. Following this intention, I undestood that Sherlock Holmes’ method might represent an unfailing source of inspiration to me, while I was searching for the hidden misteries of design products
4 Awarded Competition Project selection: 1- New Hi-Speed Railway , Florence. 2002 Score: shortlisted second stage- international competition - international jury, 2- Balaustrade of the Vittoriano Monument, Rome. 2001 Score: first prize - national competition - national jury 3- Zooprophilactic Institute, Teramo. 2004 Score: first prize - international competition - international jury 4- Tiburtina Railway station, Rome. 2001 Score: shortlisted second stage - international competition - international jury
No full textI quattro progetti selezionati sono stati premiati in concorsi di architettura Nazionali e internazionali e pubblicati su riviste e testi di settore. In questi progetti A.Raimondi ha partecipato come membro di team multidisciplinari, svolgendo il ruolo di consulente di Tecnologia dell’Architettura e Materiali da Costruzione. I progetti sono un chiaro esempio di ricerca applicata alla progettazioneThe four displayed projects have been awarded in National and International Design Competitions, and published in many reviews. These projects were carried by multidisciplinary design teams, in which A.Raimondi had the role of Bulding Technology and Construction Materials Consultant. All the projects are a clear example of research applied on project design
Riqualificazione Energetica di un edificio per uffici
No full textIl patrimonio edilizio italiano degli anni ’50 fino agli anni ’80 ha sovente dei notevoli problemi di efficienza energetica, il caso in esame è emblematico delle problematiche progettuale e delle relative strategie di riqualificazione energetica di un edificio degli anni ’70.
L’edificio per uffici , inserito nella carta della qualità del comune di Roma, è realizzato interamente in cemento armato, con ampie superfici vetrate e facciate molto articolate.
L’intervento ha riguardato tutti gli aspetti energetici, sia attivi che passivi.The italian building stock dating from the ‘50s to the ‘80s
is often suffering for huge energy consumption /
is very energy-unefficient
The case study is emblematic of the most common problems related to buildings of this age and of the related energy-saving strategies and issues in retrofitting. The office building, protected by the local regulations (Roma, town council regulations) is entirely made in reinforced concrete, with wide openings and glazings and articulated fronts. The deep energy retrofit intervention involved all the energy saving aspects, ranging from passive to active strategies, by taking a whole-building approach, addressing many systems at once
Voce, “Ciclo produttivo"
No full textDefinizione
L’insieme delle attività volte a produrre un bene, con particolare riferimento al tempo necessario alla produzione dello stesso.
I cicli produttivi si differenziano in base alla velocità di risposta tra domanda e offerta e in base alle modalità con cui si manifesta la domanda e si organizza la risposta produttiva. Il ciclo produttivo di un bene è composto di quattro fasi: ideazione, progettazione, produzione, vendita.
Ciclo produttivo in architettura
La produzione di un edificio in sé o la produzione dei componenti che, aggregati, costituiscono un edificio appartengono a due cicli produttivi differenti: il primo fa riferimento all’industria delle costruzioni e ha come oggetto la produzione di un edificio in un cantiere; il secondo fa riferimento all’industria per le costruzioni, o indotto edilizio, e ha come oggetto la produzione di materiali e componenti per un edificio mediante le modalità della produzione industrial
RETROFIT OF A “BRUTALIST” OFFICE BUILDING FROM THE '70S IN ROME
No full textUpgrading the existing building stock is one of the challenges for the near future.
The replacement of the façade for most office buildings from the '60s to the '80s, is one of the main actions to increase their energy performance and inner comfort.
Nevertheless, replacing the façades could have a big impact on the building's appearance. The question that arises is: how can we refurbish listed buildings, maintaining the original features of their architecture?
The case study that is presented in this paper is the retrofit of a “brutalist” exposed concrete office building from the '70s in Rome. The retrofit project aims to an overall improvement of the energy performance to make it compliant with the principles of CO2 emission reduction. The focus is on a new high-performance glazed façade with relevant thermal and acoustic performance and with a daylight integrated control system device.
This building is listed in the Carta della Qualità della Città di Roma (Quality Chart of the City of Rome) drawn up to address and control transfor-mations on the Roman architectural heritage. The intervention saved, therefore, the building’s original design by preserving volumes and materials and, especially, the exposed concrete façade.
This paper focuses on the large size glass windows that identify the contemporary character of the project.
The window frames dimension has significantly increased since the '70s and high-performance façade glazing cause a different appearance. Subse-quently the change of the overall image of the building is a design issue.
Design goals was to minimize the perceived dimension of the window frames and maximize the energy performances, at the same time give a new image to the building through the new façade
Hi-tech Low-tech: an experimental sustainable house
No full textWhy should we think it is sustainable to buy a prefabricated wood house in northern Italy and to assemble it 1000 km far away in southern Italy? Which features should a small house have in order to be suitable for southern Italy climate and landscape? The design team I belong to, tried to give an answer to this question by taking part to the Italian Ministry for Environment, Territory and Sea competition Ecoluoghi 2011 to design a 45m2 sustainable house. The project “Low-Tech High-Tech” was awarded, with other projects, in 2011 and the prototype of the house was built and eventually exhibited at the MAXXI Museum (National Museum of the 21st Century Arts) of Rome in summer 2012. The name we chose for the project, “Low-Tech, Hi-Tech”, well embodies the concept that lies underneath it: to take advantage from this apparent opposition of terms.
Method
The prototype made it mainly possible to test the constructability of the project on the base of the following “sustainability” criteria
• to reduce long distance transportation of heavy materials
• to concentrate the hi-tech performance in few elements of the building
• to support local economy
• to favour the integration with the local landscape
• to maximize the reuse of building material
• to minimize the consumption of soil and non-renewable energy
• to keep costs affordable
Results
From the “Low-tech” approach we took some “vernacular” elements belonging to southern Italian architecture: thick stone walls with small windows, tall roofs to facilitate the hot air stratification and circulation, open shaded spaces where to expand the activity of the house; from the “High-tech” approach we employed high thermal performance materials to minimize heat losses, a convertible winter garden made of EFTE air cushions, solar panels to gain thermal and electric energy and high performance heating plant.
The Low-tech domain capitalized on simplified building techniques, recycled or easily available materials and implied making use of local unskilled manpower. The “Hi-tech” area applied, instead, to technologically more complex building elements, often produced in far areas of the country and requiring skilled work. In Mediterranean countries, where mild winters alternate to hot summers, the internal comfort is essentially stemming from a good control on irradiation thermal gain and from a good ventilation of the rooms. Here below we provide a description of the features of the house according to the principles of sustainability, constructability, adaptability, comfort.
• Sustainability
The Low-Tech elements of the house are: the load-bearing 55 cm thick wall, combining a high thermal inertia (16h), and good insulation (0.27 W/m2 K), and the external coating in local stones without mortar (as if for the construction of a dry wall). This is contained in wire mesh gabions and has the function to protects the wall from solar irradiation. High-tech elements included in the project are the winter garden structure and the windows. The winter garden, with low temperatures, has the task of working as a buffer zone between the outside and the glass wall to the south.
• Adaptability
In order to reach the goal of adaptability to the landscape and use, we applied the camouflage approach by recycling part of the material extracted from the excavation to cover the external walls. The need of “adaptability” to different weather conditions was met by transforming the traditional “porch” in a year-long liveable place, where residents can spend their time out-door also with different climatic conditions.
• Comfort
Interior comfort is based on the use of natural resources (sun, wind, water and soil), by focusing on the integration of active and passive behaviour of the house. The house, according to the calculations of the testing model, is ranked class A with an average consumption of 25 kWh/m2 year.
Constructability
Building up the “Low-tech” part of the house is easy to do. The “Low-tech” consists of heavy masonry envelope. This does not require skilled workers and materials can be found on the local markets. The external coating is an evolution of the traditional dry stonewall, with stones taken from excavation made in the local soil. We use box shaped elements made with steel mesh. The High-tech elements are mainly represented by the winter garden, the windows, and the mechanical plants. They all need skilled workers and transportation from distant markets.
Conclusion
The “Low-tech high-tech” house embodies a combination of a semi-prefabricated and a semi-handmade building at reasonable costs. Without the need to repeat vernacular house type, simplified technologies (low-tech) have been used wherever these proved to be compliant with the required performance, whereas advanced (hi-tech) technological solutions were applied to obtain the highest levels of performance. The results show a possible perspective to look at the issue of southern Europe sustainable house building
Zero Waste . Come sta cambiando la progettazione ? Quali prodotti verranno usati nell’edilizia? Esiste un’estetica del riciclo ?
No full textPer soddisfare le richieste della UE per il 2020 in materia di riciclo dei rifiuti,
l’Italia dovrà incrementare del 27% la quota di riciclaggio e compostaggio
dei Rifiuti Urbani ed incrementare di circa il 63% il riciclaggio dei rifiuti da
costruzione e demolizione (C&D). Ad oggi appena il 7% dei rifiuti da C&D
è avviato a riciclo, di questo circa il 91% è riutilizzato sotto forma di inerti,
il restante 9% è composto da materie prime seconde, facilmente reperibili
nei RU. Ipotizzando, allora, di prelevare il 35% dei rifiuti urbani e destinarlo
a riciclo, ad uso esclusivo dell’edilizia, pur mantenendo le proporzioni nella
composizione dei rifiuti da C&D, si otterrebbero quantità a disposizione di
gran lunga maggiori e la possibilità di ampliare notevolmente l’offerta di
prodotti di derivazione non limitando il riciclaggio dei rifiuti da costruzione e
demolizione alla sola produzione di aggregati, ma aprire il mercato all’intera
produzione edile. Si è voluto sperimentare la sostituzione di materiali
comuni con altri ad alto contenuto riciclato in un progetto, valutandone le
conseguenze in termini di prestazioni, sostenibilità ed aspetto. L’impiego di
materie prime seconde ha apportato un notevole miglioramento, verificato
dal protocollo LEED, senza modificare in modo significativo le prestazioni
degli elementi edilizi. Supponendo che l’Italia riesca a recuperare i deficit e
ad integrare positivamente la produzione e l’impiego di prodotti a contenuto
riciclato, nei tempi prestabiliti, cosa si otterrebbe? Un profilo zero sprechi,
dove i rifiuti diverrebbero risorsa.To meet the requirements of the EU for 2020, in regard of waste recycling,
Italy has to increase by 27% its proportion of recycling and composting
of Urban Waste and about 63% of Construction & Demolition waste.
Nowadays, only 7% of C&D waste is recycled and about 91% of it is,
then, reused as aggregates; the remaining 9% is composed of secondary
materials, available in the UW. Assuming then to take 35% of Urban
Waste, in order to recycle it exclusively in construction field, maintaining
the proportions in the composition of C&D waste, it would be possible
to get a far greater amount of products available able to expand the
offer, not restricting the recycling of Construction and Demolition waste
to the production of aggregates, but enlarging the market to the entire
construction field. The replacement of common materials with similar high
recycled content ones, it has been verified through a project, evaluating the
consequences in terms of performance, sustainability and appearance.
The use of secondary materials greatly improved on the project quality,
verified by LEED certification, without significantly changing the building
structure. Assuming that Italy would be able to recover the deficit and to
increase the production, and use, of recycled content products, by 2020,
what would we get? A zero waste profile, where waste becomes resource.
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Resistance to transformation: synthetic visual indicators to evaluate the environmental impact of building refurbishment through the use of BIM models
No full textRefurbishment design is a complex operation, which has to take into account multiple
constraints, and that imposes numerous choices. Every project produces an impact on the
environment due to demolition and reconstruction processes. To optimize the use of resources,
and to reduce the impact of transformation, synthetic indicators that can support designers and
planners in evaluating the impact of the different design alternatives should be considered in
the early phase of the design process. Thanks to rapid response data evaluation, the increasing
diffusion of BIM technologies allows to quantification of the impact on the environment of
alternative measures from the very first phases of building design. The main aim is to give
designers a synthetic estimation of the impacts generated by transformation of existing
buildings in the early stages of the design process. These indicators should be clearly and
rapidly comprehensible. The overall impact is measured through the specific environmental
impacts, namely GWP (Global Warming Potential) indicators, for demolition as well as for
reconstruction. Values are taken from the existing LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) database.
BIM Models allow combination of building elements with synthetic values for the GWP
indicators. Every modification of the building model can generate an image of the impact with
different colors, similar to thermographies
One-and-a-half skin glass facade
No full textDouble skin facades are very popular and offer advantages over the "single skin" that can be synthesized in: greater efficiency in summer and winter, the ability to accommodate protected mobile shielding systems and maximize natural light and transparency. These advantages are countered by disadvantages that are essentially the result of increased space consumption and higher costs. In temperate climates, characterized by mild winters and hot summers, the cost of double skin is generally not compensated by the advantages it offers. A dynamic facade, using glass and curtains, was designed for a specific project on a small conference room, in an office building in Rome. Regarding the facade, the objectives of the project were to have the maximum possible transparency of the glazed volume and the possibility of integrating systems to partially shield or obscure the room. At the same time, allowing the air space to be used most of the year.Ambitions - the design of a one-and-a-half skin facade. During the summer months, the facade of the building receives only a few hours of direct radiation in the morning, then the adjacent buildings create shade. This condition made it possible to conceive a volume with a large glass surface, a solution that in a different condition, with greater irradiation, would have been difficult to achieve in Rome.The first skin is a glass facade, while the inner skin is made up of two roller blinds overlapping to form a 60 cm air space. The curtains are made of interwoven narrow mesh fibre sheets, the first is white fibreglass with a high reflecting power and diffusing light, the sec-ond is carbon fibre with a high darkening power. In winter, the curtains are used only to diffuse the light inside or decrease the level of lighting. In summer, the curtains are lowered and generate the air space. The vents, placed on the floor and at the top, open generating an upward flow of air that expels the accumulated heat. When the temperature in the air space increases, the flow of air from natural first becomes forced and then, to further increase the heat exchange, the air is cooled. A preliminary investigation on the facade behaviour in the passive asset has been conducted. Several configurations have been inves-tigated to evaluate temperature values in the room and in the gap, with or without natural ventilation and different type of curtains. Considering various combination with fixed external condition and no mechanical system. The project is in progress and since we have a real building, this case study will be furthermore investigated; a in-field monitoring survey, to measure the relevant environmental parameters, is being planned. A more in-depth analysis, with the energy simulation of the building and the estimate of energy savings, will be carried out in combination with the indoor environmental monitoring, as a second step of the researc
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