87,033 research outputs found
Management of swallowing disorders in multiple sclerosis.
No full textDysphagia can complicate multiple sclerosis (MS). Its real prevalence may be estimated to be around 30%–40%. Furthermore, dysphagia is life-threatening. In fact, its complications such as dehydration and aspiration pneumonia are a common cause of death and morbidity in late MS. The management of dysphagia should be focused on treatment of the specific dysphagic symptom and the underlying pathophysiology. The symptomatic management of dysphagia is based on two different types of approaches: the rehabilitative treatment and the pharmacological treatment. Botulinum toxin treatment may be a valid therapy in MS patients with oro-pharyngeal dysphagia associated with upper oesophageal sphincter hyperactivity
Current opinion in diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal carcinoma.
No full textLaryngeal carcinoma is the 11th commonest form of cancer in men world-wide, with 121,000 new cases in 1985. More than 95% of all laryngeal malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas. Treatment indications in cancer of the larynx are often controversial, since there are few comparative studies of different available therapeutic approaches. Surgery and radiotherapy are both widely used, and the choice between these two procedures is the most common therapeutic decision which has to be taken. Laryngeal function preservation has gained more and more weight in the last decades and chemotherapy is also a significant component of several curative approaches. In the last decades, several organ-preserving surgical techniques have become available and consequently total laryngectomy results less applied. Regardless of the treatment modality, Tis, T1, T2 laryngeal carcinomas have an 80-90% probability of cure, whereas for more advanced tumours this is approximately 60%. The most effective approach to laryngeal cancer remains prevention and early diagnosis when this cancer is curable with function preserving treatments
Mouse rosette forming cells and surface immunoglobulins in human lymphoid cells
No full textPeripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects were studied for mouse rosette-forming cells (MRFC) and their relationship to surface immunoglobulins (SIg). The majority of MRFC expressed both SIgM and SIgD, although some dissociation between population showing SIgM+/MRFC- and SIgM-/MRFC+ could be seen. A similar pattern of association was found in human derived cultured cells of B lineage, but no simple correlation and the number of SIgM+ cells could be established. Increased percentages of MRFC were detected in two foetal livers but greater dissociation of MRFC and SIgM was shown. This heterogeneity of MRFC may be explained by a selective expression of this surface marker in the early stages of B lymphocyte differentiation
Management of swallowing disorders in multiple sclerosis
No full textDysphagia can complicate multiple sclerosis (MS). Its real prevalence may be estimated to be around 30%-40%. Furthermore, dysphagia is life-threatening. In fact, its complications such as dehydration and aspiration pneumonia are a common cause of death and morbidity in late MS. The management of dysphagia should be focused on treatment of the specific dysphagic symptom and the underlying pathophysiology. The symptomatic management of dysphagia is based on two different types of approaches: the rehabilitative treatment and the pharmacological treatment. Botulinum toxin treatment may be a valid therapy in MS patients with oro-pharyngeal dysphagia associated with upper oesophageal sphincter hyperactivity
The 2010 Volcanic Ash Cloud and Its Financial Impact on the European Airline Industry
No full textLast April, European air traffic was heavily disrupted by the volcanic ash cloud generated by the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull. A (partial) shortcut to the all but impossible task of estimating all those impacts is an analysis of financial markets. In this paper, we will provide a first basic estimate of some of the economic effects of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano’s eruption, focusing on the airline industry, together with some evaluations of potential gainers, namely alternative transport industries
Immunohistochemical and HPV-related features of laryngeal adenosquamous carcinoma.
No full textBACKGROUND:
Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the head and neck is a rare malignancy characterized by loco-regional and distant aggressiveness. At histology, ASC reveals two distinct, juxtaposed components, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and true adenocarcinoma.
METHODS:
The immunohistochemical expression of AE3, CK19 and CAM5.2, and HPV infection was tested in a case of laryngeal ASC.
RESULTS:
The patient had no regional lymph node metastases, but developed a recurrence in neck soft tissues shortly after primary radical surgery. The laryngeal surgical specimen had the typical morphological features of ASC. The tumor's squamous and glandular components were both strongly and diffusely immunoreactive for AE3 and CK19, whereas CAM5.2 selectively stained only the gland-like part. We found no high- or low-risk HPV DNA (28 genotypes) in the specimens. The patient underwent salvage extended radical neck dissection and received postoperative radio-chemotherapy. At 4-month follow-up control, neck recurrence was found. Palliative chemotherapy was instituted.
CONCLUSIONS:
An accurate histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis is mandatory to differentiate ASC from conventional SCC. Radical surgical excision is recommended for laryngeal ASC. Adjuvant postoperative therapy is administered in most cases, but there are no widely accepted indications for these treatments
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The financial impact of the volcanic ash crisis on the European airline industry
No full textImmediately after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in April 2010, there were claims of huge economic impact on the air travel industry. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate estimates of the overall economic impact that can be ascribed to a natural disaster like this, because of the unpredictable behaviour of nature, the adaptive behaviour of travelers, the possible profits for alternative transport businesses, and a number of offsetting factors like the fuel saved. A (partial) solution to the impossible task of estimating and aggregating all those impacts lies in the exploration of financial markets. In this chapter, an event study analysis – a consolidated econometric method – is employed in order to provide some estimates of financial losses for selected airline companies and potential gains for alternative transport companies that may be ascribed to the volcanic ash cloud. A few key results can be summarized: (1) the initial occurrence of the crisis generated major negative impacts on airlines, then return to normal financial operations was quite rapid; (2) as the ash cloud returned to affect flight operations in May, despite the relatively low impact in terms of disrupted flights and grounded passengers, the financial reaction was quite strong; (3) potential gains for economic agents that can benefit from the disruption of air travel seem to be short-lived, consistently with the adaptive behaviour of agents and the time needed for structural adjustments (e.g. increasing capacity for car rentals). Our overall estimate for nine selected European flag carriers is a financial loss of about €3.3 billion over one month, a figure that is well above the overall economic impact estimated by various air traffic organizations in the aftermath of the event for all European airlines
- …
