668 research outputs found
Impatto ambientale del farmaco veterinario
No full textIl rischio ambientale rappresentato dal potenziale rilascio di farmaci ad uso veterinario nell’ambiente è argomento di crescente interesse. La valutazione del rischio ambientale è ormai parte integrante dei dossier per l’ottenimento dell’autorizzazione all’immissione in commercio di un farmaco. Non tutti i farmaci destano preoccupazione per il loro possibile impatto sull’ambiente: le molecole che sono impiegate in elevati quantitativi (es. trattamenti di massa degli animali da reddito), che possono causare effetti indesiderati agli organismi terrestri ed acquatici non-target o che si dimostrano difficilmente degradabili, sono senza dubbio sostanze prioritarie. E’ inoltre necessario considerare il potenziale inquinamento di falde acquifere, come del resto sottolineato dal reperimento di variabili concentrazioni di alcuni farmaci in matrici come terreno e acqua. La valutazione d’impatto ambientale si basa sull’esposizione, sul destino ambientale e sugli effetti tossici che caratterizzano il principio attivo o i suoi prodotti di derivazione (metabolici o di degradazione). La valutazione del rischio, condotta in due fasi successive in funzione della concentrazione ambientale prevista nel terreno, indica se il potenziale rischio ambientale derivato dall’impiego del farmaco ad un determinato dosaggio in una specifica specie è considerabile accettabile o meno. E’ possibile quindi che alcune misure di attenuazione del rischio vengano presto introdotte nei foglietti illustrativi dei prodotti farmaceutici. Il veterinario è dunque chiamato ad avere un ruolo chiave non solo nel proporre trattamenti farmacologici mirati ma anche in materia di tutela ambientale e di sostenibilità dell’allevamento intensiv
Short wavelength geodesic acoustic mode excitation by energetic particles
No full textTaking the collisionless damping of the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) in the short wavelength limit originally investigated in [Z. Qiu et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 51, 012001 (2009)] as an example, the physics processes underlying wave particle resonances in the short wavelength limit are clarified. As an illustrative application, GAM excitation by energetic particles in the short wavelength limit is investigated assuming a single pitch angle slowing-down fast ion equilibrium distribution function. Conditions for this energetic particle-induced GAM to be unstable are discussed. © 2018 Author(s)
Pharmacokinetics of Eltenac in the horse after intravenous administration
No full textThe aim of this study was to establish a heterologous expression system for the equine adenosine A3 receptor (eA3-R) in an effort to ascertain its pharmacologic profile. Initially, radioligand binding assays identified clones expressing the eA3-R in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) based on the specific binding of [125I]AB-MECA. Subsequently, adenylate cyclase assays were utilized to demonstrate functional coupling of the eA3-R to the G-protein/adenylate cyclase system. Equilibrium competition binding assays were then performed using selective and non-selective A3 agonists and antagonists. Results from these experiments revealed a rank order of agonist potency to be IB-MECA > NECA > CGS21680, and an antagonist potency of MRS1220 > ZM241385 > 8-p-sulphophenyltheophylline; these rank orders were in agreement with that of other mammalian A3-R's. Lastly, NF-κB reporter gene assays revealed an IB-MECA concentration-dependent inhibition of TNFα-stimulated NF-κB activity. These results indicate that the heterologously expressed eA3-R is functional, has a pharmacological profile similar to that of other mammalian A3 receptors, and its activation has an inhibitory effect on a key regulatory pathway in the inflammatory response. Thus, the eA3-R may serve as a pharmacological target in the treatment of equine inflammatory disease
Effects of energetic particles on zonal flow generation by toroidal Alfvén eigenmode
No full textGeneration of zonal flow (ZF) by energetic particle (EP) driven toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) is investigated using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory. It is found that nonlinear resonant EP contribution dominates over the usual Reynolds and Maxwell stresses due to thermal plasma nonlinear response. ZF can be forced driven in the linear growth stage of TAE, with the growth rate being twice the TAE growth rate. The ZF generation mechanism is shown to be related to polarization induced by resonant EP nonlinearity. The generated ZF has both the usual meso-scale and micro-scale radial structures. Possible consequences of this forced driven ZF on the nonlinear dynamics of TAE are also discussed. © 2016 Author(s)
Singolari esemplari di armi da fuoco rudimentali utilizzati nella pratica venatoria illecita, responsabili di ferimenti accidentali in campagna.
No full textKinetic modeling and dopant effect on silicon deposition - Low pressure and plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition
No full textThe mixed Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-full-wave approach and its application to lower hybrid wave propagation and absorption
No full textThe mixed Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB)-full-wave approach for the calculation of the 2D mode structure in tokamak plasmas is further developed based on our previous work [A. Cardinali and F. Zonca, Phys. Plasmas 10, 4199 (2003) and Z. X. Lu et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 042104 (2012)]. A new scheme for theoretical analysis and numerical implementation of the mixed WKB-full-wave approach is formulated, based on scale separation and asymptotic analysis. Besides its capability to efficiently investigate the initial value problem for 2D mode structures and linear stability, in this work, the mixed WKB-full-wave approach is extended to the investigation of radio frequency wave propagation and absorption, e. g., lower hybrid waves. As a novel method, its comparison with other approaches, e.g., WKB and beam tracing methods, is discussed. Its application to lower hybrid wave propagation in concentric circular tokamak plasmas using typical FTU discharge parameters is also demonstrated. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4798408]http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317295200016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, Fluids & PlasmasSCI(E)EI8ARTICLE3null2
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