243 research outputs found
Are heterogenous results of EGFR immunoreactivity in renal cell carcinoma related to non-standardised criteria for staining evaluation?
No full textAIMS:
To assess whether heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunoreactivity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is related to non-standardised criteria for staining evaluation.
METHODS:
EGFR expression was investigated in 132 primary and 55 metastatic conventional RCCs using a tissue microarray technique.
RESULTS:
Overall, membranous and/or cytoplasmic EGFR immunostaining was present in 123 of 132 (93%) primary and 49 of 53 (92%) metastatic RCCs, with extensive immunoreactivity (> 50% of tumour cells) in 110 of 132 (83%) primary tumours and 39 of 53 (73%) metastases. Cytoplasmic staining was associated with high tumour stage and high tumour grade. In addition, strong membranous staining (score 3+) prevailed in high grade RCCs. Cytoplasmic immunostaining was associated with an unfavourable prognosis, whereas overall (cytoplasmic and membranous) immunoreactivity and intensity of membranous staining were not.
CONCLUSIONS:
Different methods of immunohistochemical evaluation led to different results, strengthening the need for standardisation, especially against a background of rapidly evolving EGFR targeted cancer treatment strategies
Zigeuner als gesellschaftliche Randgruppe
No full textU uvodnom dijelu rada objašnjen je pojam marginalnosti te su
istaknuti osnovni pristupi konceptu marginalizacije. Ukratko su
osvijetljena idejna polazišta socioekonomskog i sociokulturnog
pristupa marginalnosti. U središnjem dijelu rada nastojalo se
analizirati ključne dimenzije marginalnosti Roma. Autor drži da
su najvažnije dimenzije: ekonomska, prostorna, kulturna i politič
ka te ih pobliže elaborira. Sklonost prema određenim zanimanjima
i profesijama, uključenost u formalne oblike rada i
ekonomski položaj jesu ključni pokazatelji ekonomske marginalizacije.
Prostorna marginalizacija se očituje u prostornoj segregaciji
i “kvaliteti” prostora na kojem Romi žive. Kulturna marginalizacija
je vidljiva na razini vrijednosnog sustava i načina
života, dok je politička marginalizacija vezana uz slabu političku
participaciju i parcijalni građanski status. Također, autor polazi
od toga da su Romi višestruko marginalizirana skupina, pa pokuš
ava ustanoviti promjene koje se događaju na pojedinim dimenzijama
marginalizacije. U završnom dijelu rada bavi se
problemima i specifičnostima socijalne integracije Roma. U Roma
se dogodila tzv. obrnuta akulturacija, tj. proces akulturacije
je uvelike zahvatio elemente njihove intrinzične kulture. Sve je to
utjecalo na to da su Romi dosta dugo zadržali svoju plemensku
organizaciju života i ostali isključeni iz modernizacijskih procesa
u kojima su sudjelovali ostali građani. Na kraju se predlažu određ
ene mjere koje bi mogle pospješiti socijalnu integraciju Roma.In the introductory part the notion and basic concepts of
marginality are explained. The starting points of
socioeconomic and sociocultural approach are highlighted
briefly. In the central part of the paper the main dimensions
of marginality of Gypsies are analyzed. The author attaches
most importance to economic, spatial, cultural and political
dimensions and elaborates them in more detail. A tendency
to some occupations and professions, integration in formal
employment and economic status are key indicators of
economic marginalization. Spatial marginalization manifests
itself in spatial segregation and the “quality” of space where
Gypsies live. Cultural marginalization is evident at the level
of value system and style of life, while political
marginalization is related to poor political participation and
partial citizenship. Also, as the author found that Gypsies are
marginalized on many dimensions, he tries to identify
changes taking place on each dimension of marginalization.
In the final part of the paper the author deals with specific
problems in social integration of Gypsies. The so-called
reversed acculturation characterizes Gypsies; that is, the
process of acculturation encompassed considerably a lot of
elements of their intrinsic culture. The consequence is that
Gypsies have retained their tribal organization for a long
time and have been excluded from processes of
modernization in which other citizens have taken part. Eventually, some measures are proposed in order to make
the social integration of Gypsies more successful.Die vorliegende Arbeit erklärt einleitend den Begriff der
Marginalität sowie die Hauptansätze des
Marginalisationskonzepts. Es werden kurz die
Ausgangspunkte des sozioökonomischen und des
soziokulturellen Ansatzes zur Untersuchung des
Marginalisationsphänomens erörtert. Der mittlere Teil der
Studie bemüht sich um eine Analyse der wichtigsten
Dimensionen des unter den Zigeunern zu beobachtenden
Marginalisationsphänomens. Nach Meinung des Verfassers
sind diese Dimensionen ökonomisch, räumlich, kulturell und
politisch bedingt; es folgt eine eingehendere Erläuterung
dieser Faktoren. Die Vorliebe für bestimmte Gewerbe und
Berufe sowie die wirtschaftliche Lage sind die
Hauptindikatoren der wirtschaftlichen Marginalisation. Die
räumliche Marginalisation offenbart sich in der räumlichen
Segregation der Roma und in der »Qualität« ihres
Lebensraums. Die kulturelle Marginalisation wird auf dem
Plan des Wertesystems und der Lebensweise sichtbar,
während die politische Marginalisation auf die geringfügige
Teilnahme am politischen Geschehen und den partiellen
bürgerlichen Status zurückgeht. Der Verfasser geht von der
These aus, dass die Zigeuner eine mehrfach marginalisierte
Bevölkerungsgruppe darstellen, und versucht Veränderungen
festzuhalten, zu denen es in den einzelnen Dimensionen der
Marginalisation kommt. Der abschließende Teil der Studie
befasst sich mit den Problemen und Spezifika der sozialen
Integrierung der Roma. In dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe kam
es nämlich zur sog. umgekehrten Akkulturation, d.h., der
Akkulturationsprozess hat weite Teile der intrinsischen Kultur
der Roma erfasst. All dies hat dazu beigetragen, dass sich
die Stammesorganisation als Lebensform sehr lange erhalten
hat und die Zigeuner ausgeschlossen blieben von
Modernisierungsprozessen, an denen die übrigen
Bevölkerungsgruppen teilnahmen. Es werden zuletzt
bestimmte Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, die die soziale
Integration der Zigeuner verbessern könnten
Autologous fibrin glue using the Vivostat system for hemostasis in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
No full textObjectives: Haemostasis remains the greatest challenge during laparoscopic
partial nephrectomy. Use of fibrin sealant currently is increasing.
We describe first a technique for achieving effective haemostasis during
laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the VivostatTM system.
Methods: Ten patients underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Autologous fibrin sealant was prepared with the VivostatTM system
and applied to the resection bed. This system is an automated medical
device for the preparation of an autologous fibrin sealant, generating up
to 5 ml of sealant from 120 ml of the patient’s blood. The concentration of
fibrin and the volume of sealant are stable; the sealant may be kept at
room temperature for up to 8 hours before application without a loss of
properties and effectiveness.
The patients were evaluated for acute and delayed bleeding.
Results: Mean patient’s age was 54 years (range, 31–68). Haemostasis was
immediate in all cases after application of the sealant for 1 to 2 minutes
to the resection site; no additional haemostatic measures were required.
Mean warm ischemia time was 23 minutes (range, 20–27); mean blood
loss was 90 cc (range, 20–200). Pre-operative and post-operative serum
haemoglobin did not differ significantly (mean, 14.9 vs 12.6 g/dl) and
creatinine values (mean, 0.91 vs 0.95 ng/ml). Mean operative time was
136 minutes (range, 60–180). No postoperative bleeding or other complications
occurred.
Conclusions: In this study, immediate haemostasis was achieved and
maintained after the kidney was reperfused. Our initial experience with
the VivostatTM system in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has been
encouraging
Handicap of walking by a huge paratesticular liposarcoma
No full textWe describe the case of a 71-year-old male with a huge left-sided paratesticular tumour, whose walking was increasingly handicapped by this vast mass. Two palliative excisions of tumour tissue were performed. Histology revealed a poorly differentiated paratesticular liposarcoma. The patient achieved satisfying mobility for several months before he died of cachexia
Laparoscopic fenestration of lymphoceles after kidney transplantation with diaphanoscopic guidance
No full textGYPSY ELEMENTS IN CARL LOEWE’S ZIGEUNER SONATA, OP. 107b
No full textThe Roma people for many years led a nomadic lifestyle scattered across various parts of the world due to various reasons including discrimination and prejudice. After settling in a particular region, Roma musicians tended to incorporate local musical elements to varying degrees into their music, resulting in the diversity and complexity of their music. Hungarian-Gypsy music was partly a result of the combination of Hungarian folk elements with Roma performance style.
This dissertation primarily examines the Hungarian-Gypsy elements in German composer Carl Loewe’s Zigeuner Sonata, 107b. The elements are musical and extramusical. The author uncovered a multitude of Gypsy musical elements throughout the five movements of this programmatic sonata, drawing upon the characteristics of the style hongrois as discussed in Jonathan Bellman’s work and verbunkos characteristics stemming from Shay Loya’s work among others. Loewe’s work provides ample evidence of Kuruc fourths, ornamentation, the imitation of violin playing (double-stops, parallel thirds and sixths), evocation of cimbalom playing, augmented seconds, along with rhythmic elements such as alla zoppa, anapest, bokázó, Lombard, and spondee, underscoring at the same time the importance of music and dance in Bohemian culture. Regarding extramusical Gypsy elements, the Roma ancestral connection to India, the Roma belief in supernatural beings and reverence for nature, and a literary association with Goethe’s Mignon areexplored among others
Prognostic factors and predictive models in renal cell carcinoma: a contemporary review.
No full textCONTEXT: The natural history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is highly
unpredictable. Small renal masses may be accompanied by metastatic disease.
Conversely, patients with locally advanced disease may enjoy long-term
disease-free survival.
OBJECTIVE: To review the status of prognostic factors in RCC.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature review was performed using the PubMed,
MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases for articles published as of February 15, 2010.
Electronic articles published ahead of print were also considered. Search was
limited to the English language. Search was conducted using the following
keywords: renal cell carcinoma, molecular, tissue, markers, blood, urine,
progression, prognosis, risk factor, and survival. Studies were selected
according to the relevance of the study, the number of patients included,
originality, actuality, and clinical applicability of the results.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Four areas of prediction were examined: (1) new RCC
diagnostics, (2) RCC grade and stage at diagnosis, (3) disease progression, and
(4) disease-specific mortality. All identified reports represented either case
series or controlled studies. Although a large number of markers were identified,
only a few were validated. Several prognostic factors were integrated in
predictive or prognostic models.
CONCLUSIONS: Several prognostic factors can help discriminate between favourable
and unfavourable RCC phenotypes. Of those, several clinical, pathologic, and
biologic markers have been tested and validated, and they are used in predictive
and prognostic models. Nonetheless, the search continues, especially for
informative markers predicting the response to targeted therapies
Prognostic factors in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas: a comprehensive review of the current literature.
No full textContext: The heterogeneity of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) biology and prognosis, as well as the presence of different treatment options, makes the clinical decision-making process extremely challenging. Objective: Provide an overview of the currently available prognostic factors for UTUC, focusing on clinical and pathologic characteristics, as well as on molecular markers. Evidence acquisition: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify original articles, review articles, and editorials regarding prognostic factors in patients with UTUC. Keywords included urothelial carcinoma, renal pelvis, ureter, upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma, prognosis, prognostic factors, markers, and survival. Articles published between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed and selected with the consensus of all the authors. Evidence synthesis: Prognostic factors can be divided into four different categories: preoperative/clinical factors, intraoperative/ surgical factors, postoperative/pathologic factors, and molecular markers. Because of the rarity of the disease, only a small amount of level 1 evidence information from prospective randomized trials is available. Conversely, several single-institutional and multi-institutional studies have been published providing level 3 evidence information on various prognostic factors. Tumor stage and grade represent the best-established predictors of prognosis in patients with UTUC, but controversies still exist regarding the prognostic impact of tumor location and tumor necrosis. Several promising biomarkers have also been evaluated, but further studies evaluating their prognostic role are still needed. Finally, few prognostic models have been developed to provide clinicians with accurate estimates of the outcome of interest. Conclusions: In the past few years, several prognostic factors have been identified to help clinicians dealing with patients with UTUC in the decision-making process. However, well-designed multi-institutional studies are still needed to provide stronger evidence and to promote the use of these prognostic factors in clinical practice
Roma und Sinti
No full textR. ist die Eigenbezeichnung verschiedener Gruppen jenes Volkes, das in der pejorativen Fremdbezeichnung im Deutschen „Zigeuner“ genannt wird; in Österreich seit der Anerkennung als Volksgruppe (1993) Überbegriff, dem auch S. untergeordnet sind
Roma und Sinti
No full textR. ist die Eigenbezeichnung verschiedener Gruppen jenes Volkes, das in der pejorativen Fremdbezeichnung im Deutschen „Zigeuner“ genannt wird; in Österreich seit der Anerkennung als Volksgruppe (1993) Überbegriff, dem auch S. untergeordnet sind
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