627 research outputs found
tedder, a
No full texttedder, a. . . a "tedder" - a device to ted hay. . . . Composed of many forks, and horse-drawn, it made easier/the work of shaking out and turning hay.JH 10/73Not usedNot usedWithdraw
Novel immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B surface 'escape' mutants and its application in liver transplant recipients.
No full textTherapy-induced clearance of HCV core antigen from plasma predicts an end of treatment viral response
No full textDuring viral assembly, viral proteins are released into plasma and can be used to infer viral load. The Architect hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (Ag) assay is a potential alternative to HCV RNA quantification for measuring response to therapy and predicting an end of treatment viral response (EOTR). The HCVp22Ag assay was used to infer viral load in 68 window RNA-containing samples and in 284 samples from baseline to week 14 of ribavirin/interferon treatment in 23 patients with EOTR including three who relapsed, 20 not achieving EOTR and 11 controls. HCV Ag and RNA correlated well (r = 0.86) with linear dose responses on dilution. In patients on therapy and control patients, plasma HCV antigen was detected in 51 of 54 with an interpolated LOD cut off between 10(3) and 10(4) RNA IU/mL. Plasma HCV antigenaemia and plasma RNA levels were significantly different in EOTR from non-EOTR patients at 3 days after treatment start and all times thereafter. Positive and negative EOTR predictive values for HCV RNA >2 log drop and HCV Ag loss at 12 weeks were 70% and 74%, 85% and 93% respectively. HCV Ag reactivity has a linear dose response independent of genotype and correlates well with HCV RNA. The failure to clear HCV Ag is as accurate as the failure to clear HCV RNA at twelve weeks into therapy in predicting the likelihood of failure to achieve EOTR. HCV Ag potentially offers a convenient alternative to RNA measurement for defining a futility flag in HCV therapy.</p
Direct assessment, by immunofluorescence, of the cytotoxic effect of T lymphocytes on virus-infected hepatocyted in chronic HBV infection
No full textDifferential distribution of hepatitis B core and E antigens in hepatocytes: analysis by monoclonal antibodies
No full textCurrent knowledge on the expression of HBeAg in hepatocytes is incomplete because of difficulties in obtaining monospecific antisera devoid of anti-HBc reactivity. In this study, we have examined by immunofluorescence the expression of HBcAg and HBeAg in cryostat liver sections from 25 chronic carriers of HBsAg using monoclonal antibodies. Although virtually all liver biopsies displayed concordance for HBeAg and HBcAg expression, the pattern of fluorescence differed markedly. Thus, monoclonal anti-HBc gave nuclear staining in all 13 reactive biopsies, while cytoplasmic staining was observed in only two of these. In contrast, monoclonal anti-HBe showed cytoplasmic reactivity coexisting with nuclear reactivity in 10 of 13 reactive biopsies. Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase activity in the serum appeared to correlate better with the presence of HBcAg in hepatocytes rather than HBeAg. These results provide further evidence that HBeAg is expressed both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of infected hepatocytes. The observation that the number of cells expressing HBeAg exceeds those expressing HBcAg in carriers with active virus replication would suggest that assembly of core particles occurs in only a proportion of infected hepatocytes expressing HBeAg
Relationship between expression of HBV antigenes in isolated hepatocytes and autologous lymphocyte cytotoxicity in patients with chronic HBV infection.
No full text‘Passionate about teaching’ – the role of mentors in implementing professional standards
No full textThis article originated from a qualitative research project that inquired into the impact of the changing requirements of programmes leading to teaching qualifications in the Learning and Skills Sector (LSS). The project was undertaken with the participation of a number of trainees, tutors and managers and used biographical methods to explore the experience of being mentored and the functioning of Individual Learning Plans(ILPs) within restructured programmes of Initial Teacher Education (ITE). Particular interest was taken in what participants had to say about the subject specialist mentoring that was intended to be a particular feature of new programmes. The authors conclude that there is dissonance between formal structures and trainees’ expectations: while programme specifications emphasise the knowledge and skills of mentors, participants in ITE look for more human qualities
Self-sampling by direct mail: a novel approach to influenza surveillance during a pandemic
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