3,052 research outputs found
Riukiaria mundyi Korsós, Nakamura & Tanabe, 2011, sp. n.
No full textRiukiaria mundyi sp. n. Figs 4 –6, 14– 19. Holotype male (NSMT-My 379)— Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Mt. Dunandake, primary forest, N 24.4577 ° E 122.9711 °, 146 m alt., 31 August 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura. Paratypes: 3 males, 5 females, 2 juvs. (RUMF, HNHM)—Same locality and date. 1 male, 1 female (RUMF)— Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Adigara Cave area, near construction place, N 24.4599 ° E 122.9594 °, 44 m alt., 2 September 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura 2 females (NSMT-My 380)— Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Arakawabana forest trail, 134 m, primary forest, N 24.4441 ° E 123.0107 °, 1 September 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura 4 males, 5 females, 3 juvs. (RUMF, HNHM)— Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Kubura-bari, N 24 ° 27.4 ’ E 122 ° 56.6 ’, 50 m alt., rocky grassland, 14 February 2010, leg. R. & Z. Korsós Diagnosis. A member of the genus Riukiaria as defined by Shinohara (1977) and Tanabe and Shinohara (1996) with the simple, forceps-like male gonopod conformation. It differs from congeners first of all by its coloration in life (almost uniformly pinkish-orange), by its exclusive occurrence on a single island (Yonaguni-jima), and in details of gonopod morphology. FIGURES 14–16. Riukiaria mundyi sp. n. 14 = Anterior body part paratype male, dorsal view; 15 = Epiproct of paratype male, dorsal view; 16 = Sternum, coxa, and prefemur of 2 nd legpair of paratype male, posterior view. Scales 1 mm (14,15) and 0.5 mm (16). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Mr. Imre Mundy (Budapest), a Hungarian engineer, long time friend and supporter of the first author (genitive, masculine). Description. Measurements: Body size generally smaller than in most other Riukiaria species. Length of males 36–42 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.5–8 mm, metatergal length 1.8–2 mm, collum width 6–6.6 mm, length 2.4–3 mm (n= 4). Female body length 36–41 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.8–8.6 mm, metatergal length 1.8–2 mm, collum width 6.3–7.1 mm, length 2.8–3.3 mm (n= 8). Kubura-bari population (see Remarks): Male body length 25–26 mm, midbody paranotal width 5.1–5.3 mm, metatergal length 1.2–1.3 mm, collum width 4.4– 4.6 mm, length 1.9–2.1 mm (n= 4). Female body length 30–31 mm, midbody paranotal width 6.3–6.8 mm, metatergal length 1.3–1.4 mm, collum width 5.2–5.5 mm, length 2.5–2.6 mm (n= 5). Color in life (Fig. 4): Whole body is almost uniformly light orange, pinkish, occasionally tending toward reddish or dark yellowish. Head, prozona, legs, and underside paler, 6 th segment of antennae, tibiae and tarsi whitish. On collum and each metatergum a slightly darker, almost brownish median patch, pronounced towards paranota as oval spots. On preserved specimens (70 % ethanol) the vivid color quickly disappears, only shadows of the abovementioned pattern remains. Coloration of males and females does not differ. Fluorescence in UV light strong (Figs 5–6), especially on prozona and underside, metazona are slightly greyish. Head smooth, epicranial suture distinct, 2 + 2 frontal setae, several setae scattered above clypeus, with 2 dense rows at its margin and on labrum. Antennae straight, first article globose, 2 nd slightly clavate, subequal with articles 3 –5, 6th longest, about 1.2 x longer than 5 th, 7 th small, slender, slightly longer than wide. Gnathochilarial stipites and lamellae linguales covered densely with short hairs, large, triangular mentum with smaller, distinct, median hair-field. Collum convex, smooth, shiny, lateral and posterior margin with weak ridge, lateral corners triangular, slightly directed caudad. Pro- and metaterga smooth without any traces of tubercles or punctuation, not even wrinkles. Posteriolateral edge of paranota 2–3 triangular, on 4 th and onwards strongly pointed caudad (Fig. 14). Pore formula normal, pores on paranota 5,7,9,10,12,13,15,16, 17, and 18, in median excavation of paranota (in lateral view). Sides between segments 6–13 perfectly parallel, segments 14–19 gradually tapering, posteriolateral projections become more pointed. Epiproct in dorsal view subtriangular (Fig. 15), in lateral view protruding over paraprocts, parallel-sided, slightly curved ventrad, with 7 + 7 setae, 3 + 3 of them sitting on knobs. Paraprocts strongly marginate with 2 + 2 setae, hypoproct with 1 + 1 setae on knobs. Midbody legs well separated (by 1.8–1.9 mm in males, 2.4–2.8 mm in females), sterna wide and smooth. Postgonopodal legs with moderately developed ventral spine on prefemur, increasingly stronger towards body end, femur about twice as long as prefemur, straight, postfemur crassate, tibia straight, both subequal in length and about 1 / 3 rd of femur, tarsus slender, about twice as long as tibia, claw (ca. 0.5 mm long) curved. Sexual characters: Male 2 nd legpair (Fig. 16) coxa with strong median projections about half as long as length of coxa, apically with membraneous tubules surrounded by strong setae, 1 + 1 macrosetae sitting at joint of prefemur (1 anteriorly, and 1 posteriorly). No other sternal or leg modification could be observed. Male gonopodal aperture on segment 7 wide, elliptical, about twice as wide as long, gonopods in situ usually deeply embedded, with acropodites crossing each other. Coxa (Figs 17–18, c) long, slender, about twice as long as wide, without apophysis but with small apophyseal macroseta (cm). Cannula normal, hidden on mesal side. Telopodite consists of two simple processes (Figs 17–18) forming a simple, forceps-like appearance typical for Riukiaria (Tanabe & Shinohara 1996), the shorter branch being the prefemoral process (pfp), growing proximally from the base of prefemur, the latter being thick and short, and densely covered with long hairs. Prefemoral process about 3 / 4 th of length of acropodite, devoid of any seta, knob, or additional process, flattened, parallel-sided, spatula-shaped, almost transparent. Acropodite (as a continuation of prefemur) long, scythe-shaped, arched proximally towards prefemoral process, with its slightly broadened to triangular, pointed tip (s) almost bending back to that. Distinction between prefemur and acropodite indefinite, hairs becoming scarcier at about 1 / 3 rd of total length, but about half length still a strong macroseta (ms) on lateral side of acropodite. Prostatic groove runs straight medially along mesal side of acropodite, and ends indistinctly on its pointed tip. Female cyphopods (Fig. 19) closely packed behind 2 nd legpair, in large, ∞-shaped aperture, valves (v) are oval, nearly as high as wide, densely setose, operculum (op) on lateral side small, less than half as high as valves, with fewer and shorter but stronger setae, receptacles (r) embracing valves both anteriorly and posteriorly, subrectangular, with several series of short hairs only along ventral margin. Distribution. R. mundyi sp. n. is restricted to Yonaguni-jima Island, the southwesternmost member of the Yaeyama Island Group, southern Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Remarks. Yonaguni-jima island, the type locality of R. mundyi sp. n., is situated about 100 km east of Taiwan, and 80 km west of Iriomote-jima, another member of the Yaeyamas. On two of this latter island group, Iriomotejima and Ishigaki-jima islands, another species, R. chelifera, occurs. It is slightly larger (body length 45 mm), and its color pattern is different: head, antennae, proterga, large part of metaterga anteriorly dark brown or grey, posterior margin, paranota, tip of epiproct, and legs yellow. This is in strong contrast with the uniformly orange-yellow color of the new species. Male gonopods also differ, acropodite and prefemoral process being straight, slender, and almost equal in length, as opposed to the longer and curved acropodite with macroseta in R. mundyi sp. n. Comparison to the possible Taiwanese species, R. cohaesiva, R. contigua, and R. uraensis (from the region of Taipei, Wulai), all inadequately described and poorly illustrated by Wang (1956, 1957), is impossible without freshly collected material. Specimens of the new species in Yonaguni-jima were mostly collected along the edge of natural, deciduous forests, mostly in moist litter under the large leaves of Alocasia odora, but also close to human-disturbed areas like abandoned construction sites, ruined cave entrances etc. Adult specimens were collected at the locality Kuburabari, too, which is actually a pasture for the native, endemic race of horse (the Yonaguni pony), and these specimens were distinctly smaller than members of the other populations. This is perhaps due to that relatively harsh environment, the wind-swept rocky grassland on the western side of the island, generally poor in organic litter. The species was mentioned and illustrated as an undescribed Riukiaria from Yonaguni-jima island by Tanabe (2005). It was included into the Red Data Book of threatened wildlife of Okinawa and, though categorized as ’data deficient’ (DD), its habitat was proposed for preservation. According to our observations, the species is not confined to any characteristic or undisturbed biotope on Yonaguni-jima Island so perhaps habitat conservation is not the best approach, but considering that the total area of the island itself is only 28.8 square kilometers, the populations of the new and unique species are indeed worthy of legal protection.Published as part of Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki & Tanabe, Tsutomu, 2011, Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 2877 on pages 62-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27756
Riukiaria maculata Korsós, Nakamura & Tanabe, 2011, sp. n.
No full text<i>Riukiaria maculata</i> sp. n. <p>Figs 2–3, 7–13.</p> <p> Holotype male (NSMT-My 377)— Japan, Northern Ryukyus, Osumi Group, Tane-ga-shima Island, Nakatane Town, <i>Cryptomeria</i> mixed forest close to the airport, 260 m alt., N30.6401° E130.9797°, 7 July 2010, leg. R. & Z. Korsós.</p> <p>Paratypes: 3 females, 3 juvs (NSMT-My 378, HNHM)—Same locality and date.</p> <p> 3 females (RUMF)— Japan, Northern Ryukyus, Osumi Group, Tane-ga-shima Island, Nakatane Town, <i>Cryptomeria</i> forest close to the airport, 260 m alt., N30.6401° E130.9797°, 12 October 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A species of the genus <i>Riukiaria</i> as defined by Shinohara (1977) and Tanabe and Shinohara (1996) with the simple, forceps-like male gonopod conformation. It differs from all congeners by its coloration (a pair of distinct dark, brownish-black patches on each segment, including collum), by its exclusive occurrence on a single island (Tane-ga-shima), and in details of gonopod morphology: a small but definite triangular process ventrally on coxa (Figs 10-11, <i>tp</i>), and by shape and length of both prefemoral process and acropodite.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named after the color pattern, unusual in the genus (adjective, feminin).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Measurements: Medium sized species in comparison to other members of the genus. Length of holotype male 40 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.5 mm, metatergal length 1.9 mm, collum width 6.2 mm, length 2.7 mm. Adult female body length 40–43 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.7–8.5 mm, metatergal length 1.8–2.2 mm, collum width 6.4–6.7 mm, length 2.9–3 mm (n= 3).</p> <p>Color in life (Fig. 2): Same coloration in both sexes, prozona, metazona with yellow background, metaterga laterally with a pair of distinct, oval, brownish-black patches, occupying about 1/4th of total paranotal width on both sides. Paranota yellow with slightly darker, orange margins. Head dark greyish-brown, antennae, legs, and underside pale yellow or whitish. Collum with broad yellow anterior and lateral margins, the two dark spots closer to each other than on following metaterga. Last segment with epiproct uniformly yellow. Dark patches also distinct in UV light (Fig. 3), their fluorescence much less intense. Preserved specimens (70% ethanol) after 10 months still have the typical pattern, although the patches are somewhat faded. Juvenile specimens (with body length of ca. 15 mm) uniformly greyish-yellow, and do not show the characteristic spots.</p> <p>Head smooth, epicranial suture distinct, 2+2 frontal setae, 1+1 between antennal sockets, 1+1 above clypeus, and 2 dense rows at its margin and on labrum. Antennae straight, first article globose, 2nd about twice as long as first, articles 3–6 subequal in length, slightly longer than 2nd, 7th smallest, shorter than wide. Anterior part of gnathochilarial stipites and lamellae linguales densely hairy, mentum with a distinct, median hair-field.</p> <p>Collum convex, smooth, shiny, lateral and posterior margins with very weak ridge, lateral corners triangular, pointed caudad. Pro- and metaterga (Fig. 7) smooth without traces of tubercles or punctuation, but from 5th onwards with definite posterior marginal ridge. Posteriolateral edge of paranota 2–3 triangular, of 4th and onwards pointed caudad. Pores on paranota 5,7,9,10,12,13,15,16,17, and 18, in median depression in lateral view. Body sides between segments 5-16 parallel, segments 17–19 strongly tapering, posteriolateral projections becoming more pointed. Epiproct in dorsal view triangular, its straight shape only broken by 3+3 lateral and 1+1 apical knobs (Fig. 8), in lateral view protruding over paraprocts (anal valves), parallel-sided, straight. Setation: 1+1 anterio-laterally on knobs, 4+4 medially on lateral sides, 2 of them on knobs, and 2+2 apically, not on knobs. Paraprocts marginate with 2+2 setae, one pair marginally, the other pair posteriorly on sides of paraprocts, hypoproct wide subtrapezoid, with 1+1 setae on knobs.</p> <p>Midbody legs well separated, in male closer to each other (1.8 mm), in females separated by 2.4–2.5 mm, sterna smooth. Postgonopodal legs (in both sexes) with well-developed ventral spine on prefemur, increasingly stronger towards body end, coxa and prefemur subequal in length, femur long and slender, slightly clavate, about 2.5x as long as prefemur, postfemur and tibia subequal in length, postfemur thicker, tibia more slender, its length about 1/3rd of femur, tarsus even more slender, about 1.5x as long as tibia, claw (ca. 0.5 mm long) slightly curved.</p> <p> <i>Sexual characters:</i> Coxa of 2nd legpair (Fig. 9) of holotype male with well-developed median projections about half as long as length of coxa, apically rounded without membraneous tubulae, with several short setae, 2+2 macrosetae sitting proximally from j oint of prefemur (1 anteriorly, 1 posteriorly), and 1+1 small ones on lateral <b>FIGURES 7–9.</b> <i>Riukiaria maculata</i> <b>sp. n.</b> holotype male. 7= Anterior body part, dorsal view; 8= Epiproct and 19th segment, dorsal view; 9= Sternum, coxa, and prefemur of 2nd legpair, posterior view. Scales 1 mm (7,8), 0.5 mm (9).</p> <p> sides of coxa. Sternum on segment 4 (legpair 3) narrow, without lobes, on segment 5 (legpairs 4–5) and 6 (legpairs 6–7) gradually wider and smoother, bridging the 1.8 mm intercoxal distance on postgonopodal legs. No other sternal or leg modifications could be observed. Male gonopodal aperture on 7th segment wide, elliptical, about twice as wide as long, gonopods in situ usually deeply embedded, with acropodites crossing each other. Coxa (Figs 10– 11, <i>c</i>) stout, approximately as long as wide, without proximal apophysis but with small apophyseal macroseta (<i>cm</i>), and distally (ventrally) with small but definite, triangular projection (<i>tp</i>). Cannula normal, situated on mesal side. Telopodite has two simple processes (Figs 10–12), a shorter, more slender prefemoral process (<i>pfp</i>), and a long, curved, leaflike acropodite (solenomere, <i>s</i>), delimitation of which from the densely setose prefemur is hardly visible. The two processes form the the simple, forceps-like gonopodal apparatus typical for <i>Riukiaria</i> (Tanabe & Shinohara 1996). Prefemoral process slender, triangular (Fig. 12, <i>pfp</i>), about 3/4th of length of acropodite, with no setae, hairs, or processes. Tip of acropodite (Fig. 12, s) bending backwards toward prefemoral process, almost touching it, its sides gradually tapering, prostatic groove running along mesal side, and ending on the pointed tip.</p> <p> Female cyphopods (Fig. 13) embedded closely behind 2nd legpair, in large, ∞-shaped aperture, valves (<i>v</i>) subrectangular, almost twice as wide as high, densely setose, with basal bumps of each seta giving a rough appearance to its surface and margins. Lateral operculum (<i>op</i>) large, thick, almost as high as valves, with dense setation, receptacles (<i>r</i>) embracing valves both anteriorly and posteriorly, subrectangular, with several series of short hairs along ventral, serrated-like margin.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from Tane-ga-shima Island, northern Ryukyus (Osumi Island Group), Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Specimens were found in the single locality of a mixed forest of deciduous trees, possibly an old <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> plantation. Search in other similar habitats on the island (about 445 square kilometers of total surface area) produced no more specimens.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Tane-ga-shima island, the locality of the new species’ population, is a member of the Osumi Islands, Northern Ryukyus, about 50 km southeast of Kyushu. It is an elongate island 57 km from north to south, and about 5–12 km from east to west, with the highest elevation 282 m. The nearest island is the small, uninhabited Mage-jima, with an area of only 8 km 2, and with no worth-while habitat for native millipedes. Yaku-shima island, on the other hand, the largest member of the Osumi Group, is about 30 km to the west, and has a notable vegetation and fauna. Its high mountains (up to 1936 m a.s.l.) are mainly covered by ancient Japanese cedar (<i>Cryptomeria japonica</i>) forest, and provide an optimal habitat for many endemics. Two <i>Riukiaria</i> species have been described from Yaku-shima (<i>R. puella</i> and <i>R. jamila</i>), but they both differ considerably in size (32–36 mm) and coloration from <i>R. maculata</i> <b>sp. n.</b>: <i>R. puella</i> is almost entirely yellow, whereas tergites of <i>R. jamila</i> are gray with yellowish white paranota. (For gonopod differences see Diagnosis.)</p> <p> In the southern part of Kyushu, one of the four main islands of Japan, three <i>Riukiaria</i> species are known to occur: <i>R. cornuta</i>, <i>R. anachoreta</i>, and <i>R. semicircularis</i>. Whereas their size is similar (<i>R. anachoreta</i>, body length 39–45 mm, <i>R. semicircularis</i> 40 mm) to, or larger (<i>R. cornuta</i>, 55 mm) than <i>R. maculata</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, all three have a generally greenish or brownish gray color, with a little yellow or whitish tint on the paranota in <i>R. cornuta</i> and <i>R. semicircularis</i>. Moreover, metatergites of <i>R. anachoreta</i> show 3 transverse rows of conspicuous tubercles. Male gonopods also differ in the length and shape of the acropodite and prefemoral process, the former in case of <i>R. cornuta</i> bearing a small mesal tooth. The prefemoral process of <i>R. semicircularis</i> is long and slender, undulated like a flagellum, and only a little shorter than the acropodite, the tip of which bends backwards to form an almost completely closed oval.</p> <p> Based only on superficially similar coloration, we also might to compare <i>R. maculata</i> <b>sp. n.</b> with <i>R. falcifera</i> from Okinawa-jima island. The two locations are more than 500 km apart by sea, and <i>R. falcifera</i> is considerably larger (53–65 mm), but its coloration also differs from the new species, the dark spots never being so strong, and not of the same size. In <i>R. maculata</i>, the spots are always widely separated by the yellow median part, and all are the same size on each segment, giving really a 'spotted' appearance to the animal. In <i>R. falcifera</i>, on the other hand, the spots are blurred, sometimes missing or fused together, and change in their size and shape along the body of the animal.</p> <p> Since <i>R. maculata</i> <b>sp. n.</b> is only known from a single population, and because its attractive, colorful appearance we recommend the new species for full legal protection. The new species could well be one of the rarest <i>Riukiaria</i> species in Japan.</p>Published as part of <i>Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki & Tanabe, Tsutomu, 2011, Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 2877</i> on pages 58-62, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/277567">10.5281/zenodo.277567</a>
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) signaling in PC12 cells: activation of juxtamembranedomains in PDGF/DDR/TrkA chimeric receptors.
No full textThe discoidin domain receptor (DDR1) is characterized by a discoidin I motif in the extracellular domain, an unusually long cytoplasmic juxtamembrane (JM) region, and a kinase domain that is 45% identical to that of the NGF receptor, TrkA. DDR1 also has a major splice form, which has a 37 amino acid insert in the JM region with a consensus Shc PTB site that is lacking in the shorter receptor. One class of ligands for the DDR receptors has recently been identified as being derived from the collagen family, but neither native PC12 cells, which express modest amounts of DDR1, nor transfected PC12 cells, which express much larger amounts of DDR1, respond to this ligand. A chimeric receptor, containing the extracellular domain of hPDGFRß fused to the transmembrane and intracellular regions of DDR1, also fails to mediate neuronal-like differentiation in stably transfected PC12 cells and is only weakly autophosphorylated. However, chimeric receptors, which are composed of combinations of intracellular regions from DDR1 and TrkA (with the extracellular domain of hPDGFRß), in some cases provided ligand (PDGF) -inducible receptor responses. Those with the TrkA kinase domain and the DDR1 JM regions were able to produce differentiation to varying degrees, whereas the opposite combination did not. Analysis of the signaling responses of the two chimeras with DDR1 JM sequences (with and without the insert) indicated that the shorter sequence bound and activated FRS2 whereas the insert-containing form activated Shc instead. Both activated PLC through the carboxyl-terminal tyrosine of the TrkA domain (Y785 in TrkA residue numbering). Mutation of this site (YF) eliminated PLC activation (indicating there are no other cryptic binding sites for PLC in the DDR1 sequences) and markedly reduced the differentiative activity of the receptor. This is in contrast to TrkA (or PDGFRß/TrkA chimeras), where ablation of this pathway has no notable effect on PC12 cell morphogenic responses. Thus, the activation of FRS2 and Shc (leading to MAPK activation) is weaker in the DDR1/TrkA chimeras than in TrkA alone, and the PLC contribution becomes essential for full response. Nonetheless, both DDR1 JM regions contain potentially usable signaling sites, albeit they apparently are not activated directly in DDR1 (or DDR1 chimeras) in a ligand-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that the DDR1 receptors do have signaling capacity but may require additional components or altered conditions to fully activate their kinase domains and/or sustain the activation of the JM sites.—Foehr, E. D., Tatavos, A., Tanabe, E., Raffioni, S., Goetz, S., DiMarco, E., De Luca, M., Bradshaw, R. A. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) signaling in PC12 cells: activation of juxtamembrane domains in PDGFR/DDR/TrkA chimeric receptors
Isomer-specific analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs) in red fox and human adipose tissue from central Italy
No full textThe general exposure of humans and foxes to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT in Italy was determined by analysis of adipose tissue samples collected from 1991-1992. Sigma PCB concentrations varied between 1.0 and 2.6 mu g/g (wet wt.). Sigma DDT concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 5.0 mu g/g (wet wt.). About thirty-five PCB congeners were identified in most samples. PCB congeners of IUPAC Nos. 138, 153, and 180 were the most abundant compounds, accounting for an average of 50% of the Sigma PCBs in humans and 64% in foxes. Generally, higher chlorinated biphenyls and those with a 2,4,5-chlorine substitution in one ring and at least one substitution in the 4-position of the other ring were preferentially accumulated. Coplanar PCB congeners were detected at considerable concentrations and there is no sign of decline in their concentrations with respect to previously reported data. IUPAC Nos. 118, 156 and 126 were the main contributors to toxicity in humans and foxes. The significant contribution of mono-ortho congeners in humans and non-ortho congeners in foxes suggests that differences in metabolic potential may affect the PCB toxicity pattern
Accumulation pattern of butyltin compounds in dolphin, tuna and shark collected from Italian coastal waters
No full textTributyltin (TBT) and its breakdown products, mono-(MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) were determined in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) and blue shark (Prionace glauca) collected from the Italian coast of the Mediterranean Sea in 1992-1993. Concentrations of total butyltin (BTs) in the liver of dolphin (1,200-2,200 ng/g wet wt) were an order of magnitude higher than in the blubber (48320 ng/g wet wt). TBT was the predominant butyltin species in the blubber while DBT accounted for an higher proportion in the liver of dolphins. Butyltin concentrations in bluefin tuna were lower than those in dolphins, with TBT highest in the muscle and DBT in the liver. Concentrations of BTs in blue sharks were lower than those in dolphin and tuna, with kidney having the highest concentrations. TBT was the predominant form of butyltin derivatives in all the tissues of shark. Accumulation of butyltin compounds in liver/kidney seems to be associated with the presence of proteins such as glutathione
On the solvability and the maximal regularity of complete abstract differential equations of elliptic type
No full textIn this paper we give some new results on complete abstract second order differential equations of elliptic type in a Banach space. Existence, uniqueness and maximal regularity of the strict solution are proved under some natural assumptions generalizing previous theorems on the subjec
On the solvability of complete abstract differential equations of elliptic type
No full textIn this work we give some new results on complete abstract second order differential equations of elliptic type in a Banach space. The existence and the uniqueness of the strict solution are proved under some natural assumptions generalising previous theorems on the subjec
Chilodonta Kaim, Jenkins, Tanabe & Kiel, 2014, sp. nov.
No full textChilodonta ? reticulata sp. nov. (Fig. 3 B–D) Diagnosis. Shell thick, low-turbiniform with strong orthocline axial ribs, weaker spiral ribs and knobs at the intersections. Shell flank convex. Peristome almost circular with wide callus around the peristome; no denticles or plaits. Holotype: GZG.INV. 84971, the only specimen available, H = 7.6 mm, W = 6.3 mm. Type locality and strata: Bear Creek, Colusa County, California, USA; locality # 4 in Kiel et al. (2008 b). Great Valley Group, Grizzly Canyon member of Crack Canyon Formation; Valanginian (Early Cretaceous). Description. Protoconch unknown. Shell turbiniform with three whorls preserved. Number of spiral ribs increasing during ontogeny from four to eight. Approximately 15 axial ribs per whorl. Base ornamented by six spiral ribs. Shell evenly convex with no angulation. Shell wall thick. Generating curve circular, aperture tangential, and peristome uninterrupted. Outer, inner and parietal lips wide and smooth; no umbilicus. Remarks. Chilodonta ? reticulata is most similar to Chilodonta cureti (Cossmann, 1900) from the Early Cretaceous of southern France (Cossmann 1900, 1918). That latter species was originally described as Amberleya by Cossmann (1900) and later moved to Eucyclus (Cossmann 1915 b, 1918). Recently Gründel & Kollmann (2013) assigned the species to Chilodonta arguing that clathrate sculpture and spirals on the base are more characteristic to chilodontids, though the latter character is present even in the type species of Eucyclus (e.g., Ferrari et al. in press). On the other hand, neither Chilodonta ? cureti nor Cantrainea ? reticulata possess denticles or plaits on the peristome, features that are characteristic for chilodontids. The aperture of C. ? reticulata resembles those of other colloniins from Cretaceous chemoautotrophy based communities (Kaim et al. 2008 b, 2009 and herein) e.g., Cantrainea and Hikidea. The Recent species of Cantrainea (Warén & Bouchet 1993; Sasaki et al. 2005), however, have low spiral ridges but no axials. Chilodonta? reticulata may actually represent a new, yet undescribed genus of seep-related colloniins or chilodontids. We refrain from introducing a new generic name for it due to the scarcity and imperfection of the available material. A somewhat similar shell has been described by Ascher (1906) as Littorina dictyophora Ascher, 1906 from the locality Koniakauer Schloss (Koňákov “Castle”) in Czech Republic, which allegedly represents an Early Cretaceous seep locality (Kiel & Peckmann 2008; Kaim et al. 2013 b). The material of Ascher (1906) is apparently lost precluding detailed comparisons. Also similar are specimens referred to as Calliotropis sp. from Eocene and Miocene seep deposits of Barbados (Gill et al. 2005). Distribution. Type locality only. Etymology. From Latin rēticulātus, made like a net.Published as part of Kaim, Andrzej, Jenkins, Robert G., Tanabe, Kazushige & Kiel, Steffen, 2014, Mollusks from late Mesozoic seep deposits, chiefly in California, pp. 401-440 in Zootaxa 3861 (5) on page 410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3861.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25246
Chilodonta Kaim, Jenkins, Tanabe & Kiel, 2014, sp. nov.
No full textChilodonta ? reticulata sp. nov. (Fig. 3 B–D) Diagnosis. Shell thick, low-turbiniform with strong orthocline axial ribs, weaker spiral ribs and knobs at the intersections. Shell flank convex. Peristome almost circular with wide callus around the peristome; no denticles or plaits. Holotype: GZG.INV. 84971, the only specimen available, H = 7.6 mm, W = 6.3 mm. Type locality and strata: Bear Creek, Colusa County, California, USA; locality # 4 in Kiel et al. (2008 b). Great Valley Group, Grizzly Canyon member of Crack Canyon Formation; Valanginian (Early Cretaceous). Description. Protoconch unknown. Shell turbiniform with three whorls preserved. Number of spiral ribs increasing during ontogeny from four to eight. Approximately 15 axial ribs per whorl. Base ornamented by six spiral ribs. Shell evenly convex with no angulation. Shell wall thick. Generating curve circular, aperture tangential, and peristome uninterrupted. Outer, inner and parietal lips wide and smooth; no umbilicus. Remarks. Chilodonta ? reticulata is most similar to Chilodonta cureti (Cossmann, 1900) from the Early Cretaceous of southern France (Cossmann 1900, 1918). That latter species was originally described as Amberleya by Cossmann (1900) and later moved to Eucyclus (Cossmann 1915 b, 1918). Recently Gründel & Kollmann (2013) assigned the species to Chilodonta arguing that clathrate sculpture and spirals on the base are more characteristic to chilodontids, though the latter character is present even in the type species of Eucyclus (e.g., Ferrari et al. in press). On the other hand, neither Chilodonta ? cureti nor Cantrainea ? reticulata possess denticles or plaits on the peristome, features that are characteristic for chilodontids. The aperture of C. ? reticulata resembles those of other colloniins from Cretaceous chemoautotrophy based communities (Kaim et al. 2008 b, 2009 and herein) e.g., Cantrainea and Hikidea. The Recent species of Cantrainea (Warén & Bouchet 1993; Sasaki et al. 2005), however, have low spiral ridges but no axials. Chilodonta? reticulata may actually represent a new, yet undescribed genus of seep-related colloniins or chilodontids. We refrain from introducing a new generic name for it due to the scarcity and imperfection of the available material. A somewhat similar shell has been described by Ascher (1906) as Littorina dictyophora Ascher, 1906 from the locality Koniakauer Schloss (Koňákov “Castle”) in Czech Republic, which allegedly represents an Early Cretaceous seep locality (Kiel & Peckmann 2008; Kaim et al. 2013 b). The material of Ascher (1906) is apparently lost precluding detailed comparisons. Also similar are specimens referred to as Calliotropis sp. from Eocene and Miocene seep deposits of Barbados (Gill et al. 2005). Distribution. Type locality only. Etymology. From Latin rēticulātus, made like a net.Published as part of Kaim, Andrzej, Jenkins, Robert G., Tanabe, Kazushige & Kiel, Steffen, 2014, Mollusks from late Mesozoic seep deposits, chiefly in California, pp. 401-440 in Zootaxa 3861 (5) on page 410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3861.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25246
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