1,315 research outputs found
Tabata training: one of the most energetically effective high-intensity intermittent training methods
No full textFor decades, high-intensity interval/intermittent exercise training methods have been used by elite athletes to improve their performance in sports. One of the most effective training methods, i.e., 'Tabata training,' is reviewed herein from the viewpoint of the energetics of exercise. The prior research describing the metabolic profile and effects of Tabata training is also summarized, with some historical anecdotes.review articl
Letter from Jimmie Tabata, First Vice President, Japanese American Citizens League Monterey Peninsula to Japanese American Citizens League of Monterey Peninsula Board Members, September 17, 1945
No full textLetter from Jimmie Tabata, First Vice President of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) Monterey Peninsula Chapter, explaining to other board members of the JACL Monterey Peninsula Chapter that the JACL Monterey Chapter Hall will be released by the California State Guards, and Guy Curtis, who had been given power of attorney to represent the JACL Monterey Chapter during WWII, would like to relinquish his duties.
A letter is enclosed for board members to sign and return to Jimmy Tabata that gives Guy Curtis permission to surrender possession of the JACL Monterey Chapter Hall to Jimmie Tabata and releases Curtis of all power of attorney responsibilities.The Monterey Peninsula Japanese American Citizens League Collection features the records of the Monterey Peninsula chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League, including correspondence, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and event planning materials. It also includes materials documenting the history of Japanese Americans in Monterey and WWII incarceration camps
A Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Running and TABATA on Postprandial Metabolism: A Pilot Analysis
No full textPURPOSE: Compare the postprandial response following: 1) rest, 2) high-intensity interval running (HIIR), and 3) Tabata. METHODS: Recreationally active males (n = 7; age = 24.3 ± 4.8 yrs; body mass = 86.9 ± 20.1 kg; body fat% = 23.6 ± 6.2) performed each of the 3 bouts (in a randomized order) on 3 separate mornings with at least 7 days in between each bout. All participants were fasted for 10 hours prior to each bout. Rest was sitting for 25 minutes. Tabata was 25 minutes of repeated cycles of body calisthenics at maximal effort for 20 seconds followed with 10 seconds of rest. HIIR was performed the same as Tabata except the mode of exercise was treadmill running. Heart rate (HR) was monitored during both exercise bouts. The energy expenditure (kcal) from each exercise bout was estimated using the exercise HR and a regression equation. Thirty minutes following the completion of each bout, participants ingested a 75g oral glucose solution (OGS). At 2 hours following each bout, a high-fat meal (HFM) was ingested. Blood samples were acquired just prior to each bout and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours following the OGS. Postprandial blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, and triglyceride (TG) concentration. The postprandial response was quantified via the incremental area under the curve (AUCI) using the trapezoidal method. Significant differences (p\u3c.05) in the postprandial response between the 3 bouts were determined using a one-way, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: Average HR (bpm) during Tabata (167.6±7.1) was significantly lower (p=.04, ES= -.49) compared to HIIR (171.4±8.2). Energy expenditure was similar during Tabata (384.4 ± 35.5 kcal) and HIIR (404.5 ± 42.9 kcal) (p=.06, ES=.51). No statistically significant difference was found in the TG AUCI between rest (175.7 ± 102.6 mg· dl-1· 6hr-1) and Tabata (161.5 ± 86.8 mg· dl-1· 6hr-1) (p = .73, ES = .14) or between rest and HIIR (126.7 ± 74.6 mg· dl-1· 6hr-1) (p = .14, ES = .48). No statistically significant difference was found in the glucose AUCI between rest (80.8 ± 61.7 mg· dl-1· 6hr-1) and Tabata (41 ± 48.3 mg· dl-1· 6hr-1) (p = .29, ES = .65) or between rest and HIIR (51 ± 32.1 mg· dl-1· 6hr-1) (p = .13, ES = .48). No statistically significant difference was found in the insulin AUCI between rest (126.8 ± 55.8 µIU-1· ml∙6hr-1) and Tabata (74.5 ± 50 µIU-1· ml∙6hr-1) (p = .07, ES = .94) or between rest and HIIR (75.5 ± 33.3 µIU-1· ml∙6hr-1) (p = .13, ES = .92). CONCLUSION: Neither exercise regimen significantly reduced the postprandial TG response. The inability of either exercise bout to lower the TG response might be due to the consumption of the oral glucose solution post-exercise resulting in partial replacement of the expended energy. Previous studies have reported that partial or complete replacement of expended energy inhibits the ability of the exercise to lower the postprandial TG concentration. Despite no statistical difference, the postprandial glucose and insulin response following the exercise bouts might have been meaningful. HIIR lowered the glucose response in 6 of 7 participants by 3.5 to 71.7%. Tabata lowered the glucose response in 5 of 7 participants by 27.1 to 92.9%. HIIR lowered the insulin response in 5 of 7 participants by 10.9 to 77%. Tabata lowered the insulin response in 5 of 7 participants by 36.6 to 77.9%. The small sample size used in this study might also explain why no statistical difference was found. Previous studies evaluating Tabata-like exercises with a larger sample size have reported conflicting postprandial results. Using a larger sample size in the current study might have clarified the effectiveness of the exercises
The Effects of Multiple Bouts of TABATA on Post-Exercise Metabolism: A Pilot Analysis
No full textPURPOSE: Compare the resting metabolic rate (RMR) following: 1) no exercise (REST), 2) completion of 1 bout of TABATA (1-BOUT), 3) completion of 2 bouts of TABATA (2-BOUT), and 4) completion of 10 bouts of TABATA (10-BOUT). METHODS: Recreationally active individuals (n = 5; 1F, 4M; age = 23.4 ± 1.9 yrs; body mass = 72. 7.2 ± 16.9 kg; body fat% = 28.7 ± 4.9) performed each of the 4 protocols on separate days with at least 7 days in between protocols. Rest consisted of not exercising on the day of the assessment. 1-BOUT consisted of performing a single bout of TABATA for 20 minutes. 2-BOUT consisted of performing two 20-minute bouts of TABATA. 10-BOUT consisted of performing ten 4-minute bouts of TABATA. Tabata involved performing repeated cycles of body calisthenics at maximal effort for 20 seconds followed with 10 seconds of rest. Participants completed the 1-BOUT just prior to having their RMR assessed. For the 2-BOUT, one 20-min bout was completed during the morning and the second 20-min bout was completed in the afternoon just prior to the RMR assessment. For the 10-BOUT, five separate 4-min bouts were completed in the morning and 5 more bouts were completed separately in the afternoon just prior to the RMR assessment. For rest, participants avoided vigorous activity throughout the day and then sat quietly in the laboratory for 40 minutes during the afternoon just prior to the RMR assessment. For each bout, the participants wore a Charge 3 Fitbit watch to track their physical activity on the day of their RMR assessment. Each of the four protocols was completed by 1600 hours in the afternoon. Five minutes following the completion of each protocol, the participants’ metabolic rate (MR) was assessed in 10-minute intervals over the next hour and was completed by 1730 hours. The RMR assessment included the participants’ average VO2 (l/min), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), fat oxidation (total grams), carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation (total grams), and total energy expenditure (TEE). Significant differences (pRESULTS: Average VO2 was unchanged between protocols (p=.86). TEE was unchanged between protocols (p=.86). RER was unchanged between protocols (p=.37). Fat oxidation was unchanged between protocols (p=.30). CHO oxidation was unchanged between protocols (p=.53). CONCLUSION: When compared to rest, the Tabata regimens did not have a statistically significant impact on the individuals’ metabolism. Despite no statistical difference, there were some meaningful reductions in RER following 1-BOUT (ES = -1.2), 2-BOUT (ES = -1.4), and 10-BOUT (ES = -1.6). In addition, there were meaningful elevations in fat oxidation following 1-BOUT (ES = 1.2), 2-BOUT (ES = 1.8), and 10-BOUT (ES = 1.7). There was also some mild elevation in energy expenditure following 1-BOUT (ES = .46), 2-BOUT (ES = .66), and 10-BOUT (ES = .58). This study is ongoing and the small sample size from which this data is being reported might explain why no statistical difference was found with the Tabata regimens. Assuming the moderate changes reported in RER, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure would remain, incorporating a larger sample size might lead to significant changes in the metabolic response following the Tabata regimens
DAMPAK PENERAPAN LATIHAN TABATA TERHADAPPENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KECEPATAN (SPEED)(Studi Eksperimen pada Atlet Futsal PuteriAnggota UKM Futsal UPI Bandung)
No full textDalamlatarbelakangpenelitianinimembahaskomponenfisikkecepatan(speed).Ada beberapapolalatihanuntukmengembangkanataumeningkatkankecepatan(speed), salahsatunyaadalahpelatihanTabata.Permasalahan yang penulisajukanpadapenelitianinimengenaidampakpenerapanpelatihanTabataterhadappeningkatankemampuankecepatan(speed).TujuandalampenelitianiniuntukmelihathasildaripenerapanpelatihanTabataterhadappeningkatankemampuankecepatan(speed).Metode yang diguakanyaitumetodeeksperimen.Populasidalampenelitianinisebanyak 32 orang anggota UKM Futsal Puteri UPI, tekniksampling yang digunakanyaitusampling purposive, sampel yang diambil 18 orang yang dipilihsebagaisuatukebutuhantim.Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument 20 meter dash sprint.Dari hasilperhitunganstatistikdari data pre-testdanpost-test, denganmenggunakanujikesamaandua rata-rata (skorberpasangan). Dari hasilpengolahandananalisis data diperoleh rata-rata test meningkatdari3,65menjadi 3,53. KesimpulandaripenelitianinibahwapelatihanTabatamemberikandampak yang signifikanterhadappeningkatankemampuananaerobikyaitukemampuankecepatan(speed).
The background of this study isdiscuss physical component speed. There are some pattern exercises to develop or to increase speed capability, one of them is tabata training. The problems that proposed by the author on this study is the impact of the application of training tabata on increasing speed capability. An objective of this research is to see the result of the application of tabata training on increasing speed capability. This research used an experimental methods. The respondents of this study are 32 members of woman futsal of Indonesia University of Education, the sampling technique used is sampling purposive , 18 person are taken and they are chosen because of the needs on that team. To collect the data the researcher used 20 meters dash sprints as an instrument of the test. The result of calculation of statistics from pre-test and post-test data , by using two tests in equality of the average score ( pairs score ). The result of the processing and analysis of data collection is the test increased from 3.65 to 3.53. The conclusion of this research is tabata training can increase significant impact on the anaerobic skill,one of that skill is speed capability
Capacity of repeated sprints in professional futsal athletes: an analysis of the Tabata protocol
No full textFutsal seems to require a high amount of high intensity efforts and the ability to generate repeated sprints justifies the athlete's ability to maintain maximum effort over repeated sprints, a feature that is indispensable for the sport. Objective: to evaluate the ability of repeated sprints (TSR) in futsal players in an analysis considering the Tabata training protocol. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional p, composed of nine athletes from a futsal team from Paranavaí, Paraná, Brazil who was currently competing in the silver series (second division) of the state championship. Only players who act on the line are selected. Aerobic capacity was evaluated by the intermittent 30:15 test and the after 48 h, the athletes were recruited to perform the Tabata protocol of high intensity interval training, which originally consists of eight sprints of 20 seconds at 170% of the maximum vVO2, interspersed by 10 seconds of passive recovery. In each sprint, the subjective perception of exertion (PSE), speed and percentage of the maximum vVO2 were noted. Results: The reported PSE values by the athletes increased with each sprint performed, and all athletes finished with maximum perception of effort. Another important data shows that five of the nine athletes evaluated, managed to perform only the first sprint in the intensity of the protocol, so the final average of the percentage of the maximum vVO2 was 121.96 ± 9.32 %. Conclusion: Professional futsal players were not able to perform the Tabata training protocol at the intensity proposed by the author (170% maximum vVO2), as well as had significant loss in running speed and significant increases in PSE, with 100% of the players reported maximum effort at the end of the protocol
The Caloric Cost of Self-Paced Exercise in Full Body Tabata, Treadmill Running Tabata, and Continuous Running
No full textWeight management via exercise is critical in both athletic and general populations. It is unclear what modality of exercise elicits the greatest caloric efficiency. PURPOSE: To compare the energy expenditure of three different exercise regimens when performed at a self-selected pace. METHODS: Recreationally active men (n=3) and women (n=4) performed 3 separate exercise bouts at a self-selected pace: total body Tabata (TBT), treadmill running Tabata (TRT), and continuous running (CONT) in a counterbalanced manner with at least 48h between bouts. Trials consisted of a 10-minute rest period, 5-minute warmup, 25-minute exercise bout, and a 25-minute recovery period. TBT consisted of repeated cycles of body calisthenics for 20 seconds with 10-seconds rest in between. TRT consisted of repeated sprints on a treadmill in the same manner as TBT. CONT was a continuous exercise bout on a treadmill. In TRT and CONT trials, participants could manipulate treadmill speed in 5-minute increments. For each bout, participants wore a portable metabolic analyzer (CosMed K-5) during the rest, warmup, exercise, and recovery period to assess energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), fat oxidation (FO), and excess post-exercise consumption (EPOC). Heart rate (HR) was recorded during exercise and recovery in 5-minute increments. Significant differences (pRESULTS: There were no significant differences in average HR (bpm) during exercise (TBT = 174.9±6.1; TRT = 182.1±5.9; CONT = 181.4±8.4) or during recovery. EE during exercise was significantly higher in CONT (356.7±82.9 kcals) than TRT (312.8±70.0 kcals; p=0.007, ES=.56) and TBT (266.3±63.9 kcals; p=0.001, ES=1.2). Additionally, EE during exercise was significantly higher in TRT than TBT (p=.005, ES=.59). During minutes 0-25 of recovery, no significant differences were found in EE or fat oxidation. However, in minutes 10-25 of recovery, TBT (31.7±8.7 kcals) was significantly higher in EE than CONT (26.0±7.0 kcals; p=0.009, ES=.69) and had a higher rate of FO (0.19±0.07 g∙min-1) than TRT (0.12±0.06 g∙min-1; p=0.013, ES=1.03) and CONT (0.13±0.05 g∙min-1; p=0.036, ES=.87). During exercise, RER was significantly higher in TBT (1.00±0.04) than TRT (0.94±0.03; p=0.019, ES=1.28), but there were no differences during recovery. EPOC at minutes 0-25 of recovery was significantly higher in TBT (3.7±1.8 L∙min-1) than TRT (2.0±1.2 L∙min-1; p=0.039). CONCLUSION: At a self-selected pace, intensity was similar across trials. When compared to TBT and TRT, CONT burned more calories during exercise, implying that CONT burns more calories when matched for time and intensity. However, TBT elicited higher EE and FO while recovering, possibly due to TBT relying more on carbohydrates as evidenced by the higher exercise RER. The increased use of fat during recovery helps replenish glycogen stores and facilitates the body’s full recovery to pre-exercise levels. Future studies should examine the metabolic responses that take place during the performance of other self-paced exercise modalities to determine the most calorically efficient exercise
Biologically active kigamicin analogues by sequential palladium catalysed C-O and C-C bond construction
No full textThis thesis describes the study of the synthesis and biological evaluation of
analogues of the kigamicin natural products. Chapter One gives a background to
pancreatic cancer and explains the anti-austerity strategy for new therapeutics. It
then describes the kigamicins and their biological activity, focusing on why they are
thought to be clinically applicable. Other structurally related, tetrahydroxanthone
containing, natural products are also discussed.
Chapter Two focuses on the synthesis of the tetrahydroxanthone nucleus. Existing
methodology is initially utilised, before exploring formation of the
tetrahydroxanthone using milder, metal catalysed routes. Copper and palladium are
both explored for this transformation and an underlying uncatalysed process is
revealed and fully investigated. This methodology is extended to tandem catalysis
for the synthesis of 7-arylated tetrahydroxanthones through combination of this
chemistry with Suzuki-Miyaura couplings. Examples of Sonogashira and Heck
couplings as well as alternative substitution patterns, are also presented.
Chapter Three discusses the attempted synthesis of the fused rings of the
kigamicins. Our efforts towards suitable substrates are detailed.
Chapter Four outlines the anti-austerity assays established to evaluate the potency
and selectivity of analogues synthesised in Chapter Two. Kigamicin C is tested in
this assay to compare with literature values and validate our assay. The potency and
selectivity of our analogues are reported and compared to the natural product. The
anti-austerity effect of kibdelone C and analogues, is investigated for the first time.
Attempted isolation of the natural product is also described.
Chapter Five details the experimental procedures and characterisation data for the
novel compounds produced
Organizational Modes within Firms and Productivity Growth
No full textThis paper develops a simple growth model with moral hazard contracting to examine the interactions between the organizational mode of firms and economic productivity growth. The organizational mode of firms differs in terms of the degree to which decisions of R&D investment are delegated to a manager. We show that the market size restricts the extent of delegation with respect to R&D, which in turn determines the productivity growth rate of the economy. We then show that there exist multiple equilibria: gpartial decentralization equilibriumh with a low growth rate and gfull decentralization equilibriumh with a high growth rate. Finally, we study the effects of social capital and competition on equilibrium organizational modes and show that, under some parametric conditions, these factors induce more decentralized organization and higher productivity growth while lowering the risk of the economy converging to a poverty trap.Centralization and Decentralization, Moral Hazard, Social Capital, Multiple Equilibria, Economic Growth, Competitive Policy
Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento con método Tabata en el estrés laboral de trabajadores colombianos con cargos administrativos
No full textWork-related stress is a frequent cause of physical and mental overload, which leads to multiple health and work performance problems, such as difficulties in the level of attention, work pace, repetitiveness, absenteeism, among others. The objective of this study was to establish the effects of a Tabata training program on work-related stress in administrative workers. In this study, a non-randomized clinical trial was carried out, in which 44 men and women participated, the individuals were divided into two groups: intervention group and control group and were subjected to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) tests before and after the intervention. The findings of the study show that in the intervention group there was a significant decrease in emotional exhaustion [p=0.009], BMI [p=0.015] and an increase in the level of physical activity [p=0.002], after the training program. In the control group, a significant decrease in personal fulfillment [p=0.017] was found. These results lead to the conclusion that the Tabata high-intensity intermittent training method contributes to the decrease of the multiple problems derived from work-related stress, generating a positive impact on the health of the working population.El estrés laboral es causa frecuente de saturación física y mental, que provoca múltiples problemas de salud y de rendimiento en el trabajo, tales como dificultades en el nivel de atención, ritmo laboral, repetitividad, ausentismo, entre otros. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento con método Tabata en el estrés laboral de trabajadores del área administrativa en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. En este estudio se realizó un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado, en el que participaron 44 personas entre hombres y mujeres quienes fueron divididos en dos grupos: Grupo de intervención y Grupo control, se utilizaron los test de The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) e International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) antes y después de la intervención. Los hallazgos del estudio muestran que en el grupo de intervención se produjo una disminución significativa en el cansancio emocional [p =0,009], el IMC [p =0,015] y un aumento en el nivel de actividad física [p =0,002], después de realizado el programa de entrenamiento. En cuanto al grupo control, se halló una disminución significativa en la realización personal [p = 0,017]. Con estos resultados se concluyó que el método de entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad Tabata, contribuye a la disminución de las múltiples problemáticas derivadas del estrés laboral, generando un impacto positivo en la salud de la población trabajadora
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