947 research outputs found
The Network-Extended Mind
No full textWhereas the traditional view in cognitive science has been to view mind and cognition as something that is the result of essentially inner, neural processes, the extended cognition perspective claims that at least some human mental states and processes stem from complex webs of causal influence involving extra-neural resources, most notably the resources of our social and technological environments. In this chapter, we explore the possibility that contemporary and near-future network systems are poised to extend and perhaps transform our human cognitive potential. We also examine the extent to which the information and network sciences are relevant to our understanding of various forms of cognitive extension, particularly with respect to the formation, maintenance and functioning of extended cognitive systems in network-enabled environments. Our claim is that the information and network sciences are relevant on two counts: firstly, they support an understanding of the mechanisms underpinning socially- and technologically-mediated forms of cognitive extension; secondly, they serve to guide and inform engineering efforts that strive to enhance and expand our cognitive capabilities. We discuss the relevance and applicability of these conclusions to current and future research exploring the contribution of network technologies to military coalition operations
Primer análisis de resultados del proceso de rediseño de la propuesta académica y metodológica de la cátedra de AED (Ingeniería en Sistemas de Información - UTN FRC)
No full textEn el año 2015 se llevó a cabo la implementación de la nueva modalidad académica y metodológica para la Cátedra de Algoritmos y Estructuras de Datos (AED) de la Carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas de Información de la UTN - FRC. El citado rediseño llevó casi dos años para su formulación detallada, incluyendo cambio de paradigma de programación, cambio de lenguaje, capacitación del personal docente, fuerte aplicación y uso de aulas virtuales, replanteo y unificación del esquema de trabajo de toda la Cátedra y revisión del proceso de evaluaciones, entre muchos otros elementos. Al inicio del ciclo lectivo 2016 se contó entonces con un período completo finalizado en el que se aplicó con éxito la nueva modalidad, y se presentan aquí los principales resultados comparativos con relación a lo actuado en 2014 y otros ciclos anteriores. Se incluyen también algunos elementos comparativos que surgieron a partir de lo actuado en lo que va del ciclo 2016.Fil: Frittelli, Valerio. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.Fil: Steffolani, F.. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.Fil: Teicher, R.. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.Fil: Tartabini, M.. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.Fil: Bett, G.. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, J.. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.Fil: Serrano, D.. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.Fil: Strub, Ana. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina
The Web-extended mind
No full textThe rapid growth and penetration of the Web raises important questions about its effects, not just on our social activities, but also on the nature of our cognitive and epistemic profiles. The extended mind hypothesis may be particularly well-suited to addressing these questions because it encourages us to think about the way in which much of our cognitive success is grounded in processing loops that factor in the contributions of our extra-neural social and technological environments. When applied to the specific socio-technical context of the Web, the extended mind hypothesis gives us the notion of the ‘Web-extended mind’, or the idea that the technological and informational elements of the Web can (at least sometimes) serve as part of the mechanistic substrate that realizes human mental states and processes. This paper attempts to explore the notion of the Web-extended mind. It first provides an overview of cognitive extension and the extended mind hypothesis, and it then goes on to discuss the possibility of Web-based forms of cognitive extension involving current or near-future technologies. It is argued that while current forms of the Web may not be particularly suited to the realization of Web-extended minds, new forms of user interaction technology as well as new approaches to information representation on the Web do provide promising new opportunities for Web-based forms of cognitive extension. Extended minds, however, are not solely the product of technological innovation. Cognitively-empowering forms of bio-technological union sometimes rely on the emergence of social practices and conventions that shape how a technology is used, as well as the specific (bio-)cognitive mechanisms that are available to support its effective exploitation. In particular, it is suggested that Web-extended minds may depend on forms of socio-technical co-evolution in which social forces and factors play just as an important role as do the processes of technology design and development
Sea level anomaly on the Patagonian continental shelf: Trends, annual patterns and geostrophic flows
No full textWe study the annual patterns and linear trend of satellite sea level anomaly (SLA) over the southwest South Atlantic continental shelf (SWACS) between 54S and 36S. Results show that south of 42°S the thermal steric effect explains nearly 100% of the annual amplitude of the SLA, while north of 42°S it explains less than 60%. This difference is due to the halosteric contribution. The annual wind variability plays a minor role over the whole continental shelf. The temporal linear trend in SLA ranges between 1 and 5 mm/yr (95% confidence level). The largest linear trends are found north of 39°S, at 42°S and at 50°S. We propose that in the northern region the large positive linear trends are associated with local changes in the density field caused by advective effects in response to a southward displacement of the South Atlantic High. The causes of the relative large SLA trends in two southern coastal regions are discussed as a function meridional wind stress and river discharge. Finally, we combined the annual cycle of SLA with the mean dynamic topography to estimate the absolute geostrophic velocities. This approach provides the first comprehensive description of the seasonal component of SWACS circulation based on satellite observations. The general circulation of the SWACS is northeastward with stronger/weaker geostrophic currents in austral summer/winter. At all latitudes, geostrophic velocities are larger (up to 20 cm/s) close to the shelf-break and decrease toward the coast. This spatio-temporal pattern is more intense north of 45°S.Fil: Ruiz Etcheverry, Laura Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados UnidosFil: Saraceno, Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto Franco Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Piola, Alberto Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; ArgentinaFil: Strub, P. T.. State University of Oregon; Estados Unido
Understanding and Shared Understanding in Military Coalitions
No full textShared understanding is commonly seen as essential to the success of coalition operations, and current research efforts are attempting to develop techniques and technologies to improve shared understanding in coalition military contexts. In spite of this, our understanding of what the term ‘shared understanding’ actually means is surprisingly poor. In part, this problem is attributable to the difficulty in comprehending the true nature of understanding itself, although confusions also arise about the precise nature of the differences between shared understanding and ostensibly similar constructs, such as shared mental models and shared situation awareness. This paper discusses a number of issues associated with understanding and shared understanding. The paper begins with an attempt to identify what the notions of understanding and shared understanding might mean. It then attempts to distinguish understanding and shared understanding from ostensibly similar constructs, such as shared situation awareness, shared mental models and team sensemaking. Subsequent sections of the report discuss the potential importance of shared understanding to military coalitions, approaches to measuring and representing shared understanding, and future research to further our understanding of the factors that influence shared understanding in military coalition contexts
Dynamic Networks and Distributed Problem-Solving
No full textThe effect of dynamic networks on distributed problem-solving was examined using a multi-agent simulation environment. Synthetic agents were tasked with the problem of finding optimal solutions to a specific design problem, and they were allowed to communicate the results of their search efforts to other agents via a dynamically-evolving communication network structure. The growth of the network was determined by two parameters. One parameter determined the rate at which the network structure emerged, while the second determined the point at which the first network link was formed. Together, these parameters produced a reliable effect on collective problem-solving performance. Firstly, performance was negatively affected by the rate of network growth, with faster growth rates producing poorer performance. Secondly, performance was improved by introducing longer initial delay periods into the network formation process, a manipulation which also served to attenuate the decline in performance seen with increasing network growth rates. Of particular interest, the study found that networks with dynamic, constructive topologies delivered a better profile of performance relative to networks with fixed, static topologies. The results are discussed in relation to our understanding of how military coalition communication networks may affect performance outcomes in distributed problem-solving environments
Infrared confocal imaging for inspection of flaws in yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP)
No full textCustom made medical yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) components require a high standard of machining and inspection techniques to ensure high reliability of the manufactured parts. Due to heat generated during machining processes, which in turn can cause cracking, the strength of Y-TZP ceramics can be compromised. Thus, a novel confocal mid-infrared transmission imaging technique is introduced in this paper. It provides enhanced imaging capabilities for flaws and cracks introduced into the bulk of the component compared to previously developed imaging techniques. We demonstrate that micrometre scale cracks can be identified in Y-TZP components up to 3.5 mm thick with an imaging resolution of approximately 30 mu m, and also show that macro scale flaws can be observed in the volume of Y-TZP ceramics of up to 3.5 mm thick.</p
Emergent Capabilities for Collaborative Teams in the Evolving Web Environment
No full textThis paper reports on our investigation of the latest advances for the Social Web, Web 2.0 and the Linked Data Web. These advances are discussed in terms of the latest capabilities that are available (or being made available) on the Web at the time of writing this paper. Such capabilities can be of significant benefit to teams, especially those comprised of multinational, geographically-dispersed team members. The specific context of coalition members in a rapidly formed diverse military context such as disaster relief or humanitarian aid is considered, where close working between non-government organisations and non-military teams will help to achieve results as quickly and efficiently as possible. The heterogeneity one finds in such teams, coupled with a lack of dedicated private network infrastructure, poses a number of challenges for collaboration, and the current paper represents an attempt to assess whether nascent Web-based capabilities can support such teams in terms of both their collaborative activities and their access to (and sharing of) information resources
Altimeter-derived seasonal circulation on the southwest Atlantic shelf: 27°?43°S
No full textAltimeter sea surface height (SSH) fields are analyzed to define and discuss the seasonal circulation over the wide continental shelf in the SW Atlantic Ocean (27°–43°S) during 2001–2012. Seasonal variability is low south of the Rio de la Plata (RdlP), where winds and currents remain equatorward for most of the year. Winds and currents in the central and northern parts of our domain are also equatorward during autumn and winter but reverse to become poleward during spring and summer. Transports of shelf water to the deep ocean are strongest during summer offshore and to the southeast of the RdlP. Details of the flow are discussed using mean monthly seasonal cycles of winds, heights, and currents, along with analyses of Empirical Orthogonal Functions. Principle Estimator Patterns bring out the patterns of wind forcing and ocean response. The largest part of the seasonal variability in SSH signals is due to changes in the wind forcing (described above) and changes in the strong boundary currents that flow along the eastern boundary of the shelf. The rest of the variability contains a smaller component due to heating and expansion of the water column, concentrated in the southern part of the region next to the coast. Our results compare well to previous studies using in situ data and to results from realistic numerical models of the regional circulation.Fil: Strub, P. Ted. University Of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: James, Corinne. University Of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Combes, Vicent. University Of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Matano, Ricardo R.. University Of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Piola, Alberto Ricardo. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografia Naval; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Palma, Elbio Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Saraceno, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Guerrero, Raul A.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Fenco, Harold. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz Etcheverry, Laura Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentin
Scaling spectroscopic approaches – from leaf albedo to ecosystems mapping
No full textField based spectroscopy for ecological and environmental monitoring has become an indispensable part of complete observational systems as defined in GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems). Spectral scaling approaches are currently ranging from molecular to ecosystem or even biome scales. We discuss the use of field spectroscopy in relation to supporting large-scale ecosystem and ecotone inventorying, in particular the retrieval of biochemical and structural attributes of vegetation. First, attention will be put on using an object-relational database for the structured compilation of field spectral measurements and corresponding metadata. Spectral libraries have been collected over a wide variety of natural and man-made targets and their sampling scheme is discussed. Second, recent advances in reflectance and radiance terminology for field spectrometers are discussed, propagating the use of spectral albedo. Advanced measurement instrumentation and facilities are presented that complement solar reflective measurements with the angular, thermal and plant fluorescence domains. Further, experiments measuring leaf albedo, transmittance and absorbtance are discussed using examples from a wide range of ecosystems and their ecotones. Finally, we discuss scaling approaches from field measurements to airborne and spaceborne mapping methods, demonstrating the wide use of field spectrometers for environmental applications. We conclude on the importance of using field spectrometers over the past one and a half decades at our institutions
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