130 research outputs found
Terapia elettroconvulsivante. Razionale per lo sviluppo di future linee guida da parte dell’Associazione Italiana per la Terapia Elettroconvulsivante (AITEC). Electroconvulsive therapy. Rationale for the development of future guidelines by the Italian Association for Electroconvulsive Therapy (AITEC)
No full text
Sex and ethnic differences among South Tirolean suicides: A psychological autopsy study
No full textObjective. - The aim of the research is to study whether any differences exist in the rates and characteristics of suicide by ethnicity and sex in South Tirol, Italy. Methods. - Psychological autopsy interviews were conducted for Suicides who died between March 1997 and July 2006. Results. - 332 individuals belonging to the three major South Tirolean ethnic groups (Germans, Italians, Ladins [Ladin is a Rhaeto-Romance language related to the Venetian and Swiss Romansh languages I) (lied by Suicide. Around 23% of the victims had experienced suicidal behaviour among family members, and more than 31% of them had experienced trauma during their childhood. Germans were 1.37 times more at risk to commit suicide than Italians (95% CI: 1.04/1.80 z = 2.26, p < .05). 69% Of the Suicides had attended school for less than 8 years: Germans (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 2.52/8.47; p < .001) and Ladins (OR = 11.24; 95% CI: 2.99/42.30; p < .001) were more likely to have lower education than Italians. There were several differences by ethnicity and sex but no sex-by-ethnicity interactions. Conclusions. - The study indicated that suicide, an alarming health and social problem in south Tirol, may require different preventive interventions for men and women and for those of different ethnicities. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
Smoking Reduces the Efficacy of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.
No full textNeurophysiological and neuropsychiatric aspects of transcranial magnetic stimulation
No full textObjective: The authors review the literature in the field of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Method: For this purpose a PubMed search was performed. Additional information was gained by cross-referencing from papers found in the data base. Results: Data from controlled studies as well as supplementary information from relevant review articles pertinent to the topic were used. History and the basics of TMS and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are presented. The ability of rTMS to non-invasively modulate higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory has developed a new and exciting field. TMS, in fact, allows one to transiently disrupt ongoing cortical processing, thus helping to enlighten the causal role of a specific brain area in a certain observable behaviour. Finally, rTMS-clinical effectiveness in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenic spectrum disorders and Parkinson's disease as well as in pain syndrome is discussed. Conclusions: rTMS in concert with functional neuroimaging methods allows to analyze neuronal networks. Long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD) are phenomena seen in preclinical studies after rTMS, and reflect plastic neuromodulation. Changes in brain plasticity are thought to be mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases like major depression. © 2009 Giovanni Fioriti Editore s.r.l
Neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric aspects of transcranial magnetic stimulation [Aspetti neurofisiologici e neuropsichiatrici della stimolazione magnetica transcranica]
No full textIntroduction: The authors review the literature in the field of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Materials and methods: For this purpose a PubMed search was performed. Additional information was gained by cross-referencing from papers found in the data base. Results: Data from controlled studies as well as supplementary information from relevant review articles pertinent to the topic were used. History and the basics of TMS and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) are presented. The ability of rTMS to non-invasively modulate higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory developed to a new exciting field. TMS, in fact, allows to transiently disrupt ongoing cortical processing, thus helping to enlighten the causal role of a specific brain area in a certain observable behaviour. Finally, rTMS clinical effectiveness in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenic psychoses and Parkinson's disease, as well as in pain syndrome, is discussed. Conclusions: RTMS in concert with functional neuroimaging methods allows to analyse neuronal networks. Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) and Long-Term Depression (LTD) are phenomena seen in preclinical studies after rTMS, thus reflecting plastic modulation of the brain. In fact, changes in brain plasticity are supposed to be putative mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases like major depression. © 2009 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved
Uric acid versus non-uric acid renal stones: in vivo differentiation with spectral CT
No full textTo differentiate uric acid from non-uric acid renal stones based on their spectral attenuation values
A comparison of hexaminolevulinate (Hexvix) fluorescence cystoscopy and white-light cystoscopy for detection of bladder cancer: results of the HeRo observational study
No full textBackground To date, no study has presented results of
photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) cystoscopy compared with
white-light cystoscopy (WLC) in daily practice. The aim of
the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of
hexylaminolevulinate hydrochloride (Hexvix) PDD cystoscopy
compared with standardWLCused in daily practice.
Methods An observational, open-label, comparative,
controlled (within patient), multicenter study was carried
out on 96 consecutive patients with suspected or confirmed
bladder cancer. All patients had standard WLC followed by
blue-light cystoscopy (BLC). Positive lesions detected using
WLC and BLC were recorded. Biopsies/resection of each
positive lesion were taken after the bladder was inspected.
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative
predictive value with each method were calculated.
Results Overall, 234 suspicious lesions were detected;
108 (46.2 %) were histologically confirmed to be bladder
tumors/carcinoma in situ (CIS). The sensitivity of BLC
biopsies was significantly higher than for WLC technique
(99.1 vs 76.8 %; p\0.00001). The relative sensitivity of
BLC versus WLC was 1.289, showing superiority of BLC
of 28.9 %. The specificity of BLC biopsies was not significantly
different compared with WLC (36.5 vs 30.2 %).
Positive predictive value for BLC- and WLC-guided
biopsies was 54.9 and 50.9 %, respectively. Negative
predictive value per biopsy for BLC- and WLC-guided
biopsies was 97.4 and 64.8 %, respectively. BLC and WLC
reached the correct diagnosis in 97.9 and 88.5 % of
patients, respectively. This difference was statistically
significant (p = 0.0265). The lack of a random biopsy
protocol was the major limitation of the study.
Conclusions Hexvix PDD cystoscopy used in daily
practice enhances the diagnostic accuracy of standard
cystoscopy with higher negative predictive value, potentially
permitting an improvement in patient prognosis
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