1,721,062 research outputs found
Preface
No full textThis book celebrates the life and work of Peter Nijkamp, whose research provides a strong focus on regional science. His work follows a rigorous, comprehensive approach, centred around analytical modelling and methodological innovation. This edited volume, like Prof Nijkamp’s research, covers a wide range of topics in regional science, analysed through multi-criteria evaluation, evaluation modelling, econometrics, and simulations, among other methods. These tools are applied to the analysis of society and culture, tourism and information, cities, environment and sustainability. Professor Nijkamp is one of the founders and the past president of the Regional Science Association International. His work forms a valuable reference for researchers, scholars, policymakers, and students in the field of regional science and other disciplines. This volume, timed to coincide with his 75th birthday, celebrates Prof Nijkamp’s great contributions to regional science. He also promoted and participated in the education and development of young researchers not only in regional science but also in other fields, supervising many Ph.D. students and hosting even more as guests in Amsterdam. Contributors to this volume include Prof Nijkamp’s former doctoral students and guest researchers, as well as associates and colleagues
Hungarian Statistical Review
No full textThe Hungarian Statistical Review is a peer-reviewed journal of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, which brings out both theoretical and applied statistical papers. It is published twice a year to promote the exchange of knowledge and information on various fields of statistics. The scope of the journal is broad and includes almost all the key aspects of statistics:
- approaches to the development of modern statistical methods;
- methodological aspects of statistics, description of new methods, critical evaluations and new applications of existing methods;
- applied statistics (statistics of economy and finance, industry, business and commerce, sociology, demography, insurance, market and public opinion research, psychology, medicine, education and teaching, environment, law, etc.);
- methods of data collection, statistical and methodological issues of sample surveys, censuses, administrative record systems;
- survey sample design, nonresponse, measurement error, the effects of modes of data collection, survey design;
- national and international history of statistics;
- operation and international environment of the Hungarian Statistical Service and other producers of statistics;
- development and challenges of national and global statistical systems;
- statistics in society, improvement of statistical literacy, statistics education
Reflections on Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: The Rebirth of Theory?
No full textThis Handbook explores new and old theoretical, methodological, and empirical insights and perspectives on entropy, complexity, and spatial dynamics. A central and cross-cutting theme of the Handbook is the role of entropy in complex, dynamic spatial socio-economic systems as both a measure of spatial complexity and a process involved in the dynamics and emergent behavior of spatial systems. In this regard, one of the bold aims of the Handbook is to examine how and to what extent entropy is (or might be) a universal principle dictating and describing the structure and dynamics of complex spatial systems across different domains and applications. To this end, the Handbook draws upon perspectives from various disciplines ‒ from economics to geography to physics to biology to information science. Starting from these considerations, this introductory chapter summarizes classic and state-of-the-art cross-disciplinary methods and approaches for modeling and characterizing complex, dynamic, integrated networked spatial systems, including entropy-based and information-theoretic frameworks and derivations, considering relevant theoretical underpinnings. First, this introduction presents a concise history of the foundational concepts, theories, and models behind spatial economic science, from entropy to complexity to spatial dynamics. It then provides a high-level and more detailed overview of the Handbook. Finally, the chapter reflects on the extent to which the emerging insights originate from conventional, old developments and how new models and methods can help inform policymaking and planning, particularly for addressing contemporary issues and challenges tied to our increasingly integrated, uncertain, and dynamic world
Smart Mobility Hubs as Game Changers in Transport (SmartHubs)
No full textThe SmartHubs project examines mobility hubs, dedicated on-street locations where citizens can choose from different shared and sustainable mobility options. The main objective is to assess if a co-designed, user-centric development can enable mobility hubs to act as a game changer towards inclusive sustainable urban mobility and accessibility. SmartHubs will examine, develop and apply research methods and tools in SmartHubs Living Labs in Brussels, Rotterdam-the Hague metropolitan region, Munich, Vienna and Istanbul. SmartHubs will develop and apply novel participatory and impact assessment tools like (i) an open accessibility tool involving inputs from individual citizens to examine the local accessibility impacts of mobility hubs, (ii) an accessibility network analysis and resilience tool to examine the impacts of mobility hubs on transport network resilience, (iii) a multi-actor multi-criteria analysis method to involve individual citizens and (iv) tangible augmented reality technologies and gamification and user experience (UX) approaches to facilitate co-creation processes of mobility hub design. Finally, SmartHubs goes beyond the current state of the art conducting rigorous research on a broad range of mobility, accessibility, vulnerability, resilience and societal impacts of mobility hubs, including vulnerable to exclusion population segments such as low-income, digitally limited skilled, female citizens and refugees
Networks and Spatial Economics
No full textNetworks and Spatial Economics is a scholarly journal dedicated to the mathematical and numerical study of economic activities facilitated by human infrastructure.
Covers technologies pertinent to information, telecommunications, the Internet, transportation, energy storage and transmission, and water resources.
Serves spatial economists, geographers, regional scientists, applied mathematicians, operations research analysts, infrastructure engineers and other researchers concerned with the spatial organization and operation of infrastructure in both the public and private sectors.
Publishes a full spectrum of high-quality work including theoretical studies, case studies, and algorithmic investigations
Miscellanea Geographica
No full textThe journal "Miscellanea Geographica – Regional Studies on Development" has been published by the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies at the University of Warsaw since 1984. The aim of the journal is to present the diversity of geography and to form a contemporary image of the subject as an interdisciplinary science. We therefore publish texts on physical, socio-economic and regional geography, as well as papers outlining research results from the fields of social studies, historical and political studies, regional studies and regional economics – from the local, regional and even the global perspective. MG-RSD is intended to be of particular interest to those conducting research into the contemporary problems of development – its natural, social and economic circumstances, as well as its effects. Research published in the journal covers issues of sustainable development, contemporary climate change, the spatial aspects of demographic processes (especially migration and urbanization), as well as modern methods of measuring and diagnosing these processes (geoinformation and remote sensing of the environment) in natural resources, social systems and the built environment, and relevant developments in geography in both developed and developing countries. "Miscellanea Geographica" presents original and previously unpublished papers. The texts are subjected to double blind peer review by at least two independent reviewers
Entrepreneurial Intention among High-School Students: The Importance of Parents, Peers and Neighbors
Get PDFLiterature on the formation of intention toward entrepreneurship in adolescents has focused on either parental (vertical) transmission of social capital or network effects from peers or neighbours (horizontal). Considering the simultaneous effect of parents, peers, and neighbours, we suggest that such three levels identify a mechanism whereby the individual perception of their importance interacts with their objective characteristics. With a unique dataset for second-year high-school adolescents in the Italian city of Palermo, and employing Logit and 3SLS methods, we find evidence for a strong parental effect and for secondary peer (peers) effects on student intention. We also detect clear endogenous effects from the neighbourhood and the overall context. Moreover, entrepreneurship is confirmed to be perceived, even by high-school students, as a buffer for possible unemployment and social mobility
Horizontal Transmission of Civic Capital and the Emergence of Cooperation: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach
Get PDFScholars in social sciences often refer to “social capital” to explain a wide list of relevant economic and social phenomena. Taking an economic perspective, as put forth by Guiso et al. (Social Economics Handbook, 2011), we refer in this chapter to civic capital, defined as “those persistent and shared beliefs and values that help a group overcome the free rider problem in the pursuit of socially valuable activities”. Starting from a first analytical discussion of how civic capital (collaboration between individuals) may emerge through horizontal transmission, we develop an agent-based model to simulate transmission of civic capital in a spatial interaction setting. We do so within the context of the so-called threshold models, which allow us to hypothesize conditional cooperation between agents, based on observation of societal behaviour. In our simulations, we model horizontal transmission of civic capital as given by social influence determining how behavioural thresholds evolve over time. We test interactions at both the global and local levels (in space), and test different ranges of parameters for the transmission mechanism. Finally, we attempt to find systematic evidence on the effect of model parameters on the amount of civic capital and on its level of spatial clustering by means of regression analyses
Deliverable D5.4 - Resilience and Vulnerability Assessment
No full textThis document describes the SmartHubs Resilience Tool, developed within the SmartHubs project. The tool analyses the accessibility and network connectivity impacts of mobility hubs on the resilience of urban public transportation networks.
The development of the task described in this deliverable comprises three phases: (1) the methodological development of a study combining spatial interaction, accessibility and network analysis; (2) the development of the SmartHubs Resilience Tool, by integrating the three approaches, and (3) the application of the tool to the urban areas where SmartHubs Living Labs are located, including scenario analyses based on potential changes in the wider transport network.
The tool, which relies on public transport and bike sharing data, is made up of two components: a first one providing network analysis-based indicators, such as efficiency and betweenness; a second one allowing to compute accessibility indicators – emerging from conventional spatial interaction/transport models – for the geographical area under analysis.
Transport connectivity and area accessibility are two concepts that are closely intertwined, as both influence the ease with which individuals can reach specific locations. A well-connected transport network can facilitate the movement of people (or goods), thereby reducing travel times and increasing efficiency, and in turn, improving area accessibility.
In this report, an evaluation of the cities associated to each of the SmartHubs Living Labs is provided, using the above-mentioned indicators. A network representation of the local urban public transport supply is developed, to which origin-destination (OD) matrices (when available) containing flows of mobility throughout each city is coupled. Flows are distributed over the public transport network, allowing us to observe more in detail potential critical aspects of the network. Moreover, station-based sharing services (shared bikes) are added to this network, further enriching the representation of mobility options through the cities.
Finally, scenarios are developed where, for each city, different types of disruptions or more generally changes to service (e.g. the introduction of further bike stations) are simulated. For each scenario, network and accessibility metrics are re-computed, therefore allowing to measure the effect of such disruptions on the network, with or without the presence of bike sharing services.
The general finding of the simulations carried out is that bike-sharing stations located in correspondence of public transport stops can be of great help in improving the general resilience of urban mobility to disruptions (i.e. they increase the global efficiency of the network). Furthermore, we show that the effect of disruptions – in terms of the induced reduction in the efficiency of the network – is significantly reduced when bike-sharing services are available, compared to when they are not.
The research reported in this report lays the foundation for more work in urban mobility taking into account the importance of network resilience and accessibility, in particular towards guiding local policymakers and urban/transport planners in critical decisions regarding the integration of public transport and micromobility (e.g., mobility as a service) and the authorization of alternative (and sustainable) transport modes
Green Tax Reform and Employment Double Dividend in European and Non-European Countries: A Meta-Regression Assessment
Get PDFIn this paper we present a meta-regression analysis of simulation studies concerning green tax reform (GTR). Our study investigates the employment effect of GTR across European and non-European countries. The existing literature postulates that employment double dividend (EDD) is achievable; however, the majority of the studies come from European countries. In this paper, we compared the performance of GTR led EDD in European and non-European contexts to observe whether there is any notable difference across country groups. Our results show that both tax and tax revenue recycle policies play a significant role in determining the employment effect. However, the optimal policy mix is not identical for European and non-European countries. Region specific policy design is required for optimal employment effect
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