1,288 research outputs found
A relationship between rational and multi-soliton solutions of the BKP hierarchy
Get PDFWe consider a special class of solutions of the BKP hierarchy which we call -functions of hypergeometric type. These are series in Schur -functions over partitions, with coefficients parameterised by a function of one variable , where the quantities , , are integrals of motion of the BKP hierarchy. We show that this solution is, at the same time, a infinite soliton solution of a dual BKP hierarchy, where the variables are now related to BKP higher times. In particular, rational solutions of the BKP hierarchy are related to (finite) multi-soliton solution of the dual BKP hierarchy. The momenta of the solitons are given by the parts of partitions in the Schur -function expansion of the -function of hypergeometric type. We also show that the KdV and the NLS soliton -functions coinside the BKP -functions of hypergeometric type, evaluated at special point of BKP higher time; the variables (which are BKP integrals of motions) being related to KdV and NLS higher times
Microtus mujanensis Orlov and Kovalskaya 1978
No full textMicrotus mujanensis Orlov and Kovalskaya, 1978. Zool. Zh., 57: 1224. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. S. R., Buryat-Mongolsk. A.S.S. R., Bauntovsk. Obi., Miyha River at Miyha. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. COMMENT: Subgenus Microtus; (RSH from V. G. Orlov, pers. comm.); Orlov and Kovalskaya, 1978, Zool. Zh., 57: 1224- 1232, described this species as morphologically close to maximowiczii, but the species are karyotypically different and Fl hybrids are sterile (SRL). Gromov and Baranova, 1981:209, indicated that the name is based on an earlier publication (Orlov and Kovalskaya, 1975, [Systematics and cytogenetics of mammals], Moscow, p. 32); which may be a nomen nudum (RSH).Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 495, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735303
Cyrtodactylus badenensis Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky 2007
No full text18. <i>Cyrtodactylus badenensis</i> NGUYEN, ORLOV et DAREVSKY (2006: 219) <p>Holotype: ITBMZ R 05.12, male, “ Mou [n]t Ba Den, Tay Ninh province, Vietnam (11°23’25” N and 106°09’42” E)”.</p> <p>Etymology: Named after the species type locality.</p>Published as part of <i>Barabanov, Andrei V. & Doronin, Igor V., 2020, Annotated list of amphibian and reptile taxa described by Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky (1924 - 2009), pp. 152-168 in Zootaxa 4803 (1)</i> on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4803.1.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3908094">http://zenodo.org/record/3908094</a>
Rana banaorum BAIN & LATHROP & MURPHY & ORLOV & CUC 2003, new species
No full textRana banaorum, new species (Previously referred to as species 6, ‘‘Southern Big Eye’’) Figures 12M, N, 13F, 14E, F HOLOTYPE: (ROM field no. 7145) ROM 39944, an adult female from Tram Lap, An Khe District, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14°26̍39̎N, 108°32̍97̎E), elevation ca. 900 m, collected on 15 June 1996 by R.H. Bain, A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov. The holotype had leg and liver tissue removed shortly after it was euthanised. PARATYPES: Four males (ROM 39912 – 39913, 39915–39916) and eight females (ROM 39899 –39901, 39928, 39929, 39931, 39936, and 39941) collected with holotype between 15 and 29 June 1996 by R.H. Bain, A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov. ROM 39716 –39720, 39920 –39922, and 39924–39926 (males); 39942 (subadult) from the Cha River, Buon Loi, An Khe District, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (elevation ca. 900 m), collected on 27 June 1996 by R.H. Bain and N.L. Orlov. ROM 39700, and 39702–39705 males from Krong Pa, An Khe District, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14°20̍29̎ N, 108°28̍46̎E, elevation 850 m), collected on 13–25 August 1997 by C.T. Ho, A. Lathrop, L.A. Lowcock, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov. ROM 25084 –25086, 25100, 25102, and 25103 (males) collected from Buon Loi, An Khe District, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (elevation ca. 700–750 m), 5 November 1993 by I.S. Darevsky and N.L. Orlov. DIAGNOSIS: Rana banaorum, a member of the subgenus Odorrana (sensu Fei et al., 1990), is characterized by a combination of the following attributes: (1) body dorsoventrally compressed; (2) SVL means of males 50 mm (42–55 mm), females 93 mm (83–99 mm); (3) vomerine teeth in rows oblique to choanae; (4) white lipstripe extending across upper lip, terminating in glandule above insertion of arm; (5) head broad, bluntly rounded in profile; (6) tympanum round, distinct, very large, TMP:EYE in males (0.89) greater than females (0.75); (7) supratympanic fold weak; (8) dorsal skin shagreened, becoming granular laterally, with slight dorsolateral folds; (9) dorsum usually brown with yellow and black spots, sometimes green with black spots; legs brown, lightly banded; (10) median callous pad on fingers II, and III to proximal tubercle; (11) disks on fingers and toes greatly enlarged (>2× base of phalanges); (12) feet fully webbed to disks, except medial side of IV, where it reaches disk as a fringe, lateral fringes on I and V to terminal phalanges, webbing brown; (13) subarticular tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, conical; (14) terminal phalanges T shaped; (15) xiphisternum large, deeply notched posteriorly; (16) males with nuptial pads, paired gular pouches, pectoral spines absent; (17) eggs white. COMPARISONS: Among Asian cascade ranids, R. banaorum is most similar to sympatric R. morafkai and particularly R. chloronota but it can be anatomically distinguished from both by its dorsolateral folds (table 12). Rana banaorum can further be distinguished from R. morafkai by its larger males (SVL 42–55 mm, versus 39–45 mm). Some Rana banaorum males have indistinct, microscopic spinules on the dorsal surface of the leg extending to the feet, forming a ‘‘sawtooth’’ formation along the lateral edge of toe V, which is present only to a slight degree or absent in R. chloronota. Its broad, rounded snout differs from the obtusely pointed snouts of H. nasica, R. andersonii, R. chalconota, and R. schmackeri and from the depressed snouts of R. graminea and R. margaretae. A white lipstripe differentiates R. banaorum from R. andersonii, R. bacboensis, R. grahami, R. hainanensis, R. hmongorum, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. margaretae, R. sinica, R. schmackeri, and R. tiannensis. The gular pouches of R. banaorum distinguish it from R. andersonii, R. chalconota, R. grahami, R. hainanensis, R. hmongorum, R. hosii, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. kwangwuensis, and R. margaretae. The dorsolateral folds of R. banaorum distinguish it from H. nasica, R. andersonii, R. bacboensis, R. chloronota, R. hainanensis, R. hejiangensis, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. kwangwuensis, R. morafkai, R. livida, R. schmackeri, R. sinica, and R. tiannensis; the dorsolateral folds of R. daorum are composed of distinct white granules, and dorsolateral pustules sometimes form folds on R. grahami and R. hmongorum. The absence of an outer metatarsal tubercle immediately differentiates R. banaorum from R. archotaphus and R. chalconota. The presence of white eggs differentiates R. banaorum from R. bacboensis (black eggs), Huia nasica, R. andersonii, R. chalconota, R. grahami, R. junlianensis, R. margaretae and R. schmackeri (white eggs with a dark melanic pole). The absence of spinules on the venter distinguishes R. banaorum from R. andersonii, R. grahami, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. margaretae, and R. schmackeri. Rana banaorum further differs from Huia nasica by its larger females (83–99 mm vs. 67 mm in H. nasica). It is further differentiated from R. sinica by its uncovered, distinct tympanum (indistinct, covered by skin in R. sinica), large disks (small in R. sinica) and its relative finger lengths (I 2× base of phalanges), relative pad size II IV> V, pad length (IV) equals pad width; each pad with ventral circummarginal grooves; subarticular tubercles prominent and conical; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, long; outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Xiphisternum large, deeply notched posteriorly. Skin on dorsum shagreened, with small pustules on flanks; dorsolateral folds weak; small tubercles posteroventral to tympanum; prominent granules on flanks and around cloaca; cloacal opening unmodified, directed posteriorly, at upper level of thighs. COLOR IN LIFE (in preservative): Dark brown (olivebrown, beige), flanks gray with yellow spots (white spots); lipstripe brown anteriorly and creamy white from level of the eye posteriorly (white); loreal dark brown (black); tympanum beige with dark brown central ring; iris golden brown; dorsal limbs grayish brown with black banding; cloacal region dark brown (black); webbing marbled white on dark brown (uniformly brown); venter creamy white, ventral surfaces of limbs creamy yellow with black mottling. SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS: The holotype is a gravid female with immaculate white eggs (2 mm in diameter). Gravid females have an SVL nearly twice that of males (mean SVL female, 93 mm; male 50 mm). Male TMP:EYE (0.89) is larger than females (0.75). Males have velvety nuptial pads on the thumb and paired gular pouches located at the angle of jaw. Pectoral spines are absent. MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE (in mm): SVL 98.0; SNT 13.5; HDL 45.4; HDW 35.6; EYE 6.8; IOD 7.4; TMP 5.4; TEY 4.7; HND 22.7; FGR 19.4; FPL 3.1; FPW 3.3; TIB 63.7; FTL 80.0; TPL 3.4; TPW 3.4. VARIATION OF PARATYPES: The skin on the dorsum varies from smooth to shagreened with small pustules on flanks. The lipstripe varies from creamy yellow (white in alcohol) throughout its length to brown anteriorly and creamy white from the level of the eye posteriorly. The dorsal skin is variable from light green to dark brown (olive, brown, beige, or livid blue in alcohol) with or without large black spots. Variation in all type material is given in table 15. MEASUREMENTS OF FEMALE PARATYPES (in mm, n = 8, ROM 39899 –39901, 39928, 39929, 39931, 39936, and 39941): SVL 92.7 ± 5.6 (83.4–98.7); SNT 13.8 ± 1.6 (12.4– 16.8); HDL 43.8 ± 3.2 (37.5–48.8); HDW 30.6 ± 1.5 (26.7–33.4); EYE 6.1 ± 0.7 (4.7– 6.9); IOD 8.2 ± 0.9 (6.8–10.1); TMP 4.5 ± 0.6 (3.5–5.6); TEY 4.5 ± 0.6 (3.5–5.2); HND 22.3 ± 2.8 (17.5–25.0); FGR 18.2 ± 2.8 (12.9–20.8); FPL 3.4 ± 0.4 (2.8–4.3); FPW 3.1 ± 0.2 (2.8–3.5); TIB 58.1 ± 3.2 (52.7–63.7); FTL 68.0 ± 7.0 (58.3–78.0) TPL 3.4 ± 0.6 (2.3–4.3); TPW 2.8 ± 0.4 (2.4–3.4). MEASUREMENTS OF MALE PARATYPES (in mm, n = 14, ROM 25084 –25086, 25100, 25102, 25103, 39912, 39913, 39915, 39916, 39920–39922, 39924): SVL 50.5 ± 3.7 (42.5–54.6); SNT 7.4 ± 1.5 (3.1–8.7); HDL 26.1 ± 1.4 (24.6–28.1); HDW 17.4 ± 0.6 (17.8–18.3); EYE 4.0 ± 0.5 (3.1–5.1); IOD 3.8 ± 0.4 (3.4–4.7); TMP 3.5 ± 0.6 (2.0– 4.7); TEY 1.7 ± 0.6 (0.9–3.6); HND 14.0 ± 1.2 (11.8–16.0); FGR 11.1 ± 1.1 (9.2–12.7); FPL 1.9 ± 0.3 (1.4–2.6); FPW 1.6 ± 0.2 (1.4–2.0); TIB 30.6 ± 4.6 (24.1–43.6); FTL 32.6 ± 6.8 (23.3–42.7); TPL 1.9 ± 0.4 (1.3– 2.4); TPW 1.5 ± 0.3 (1.1–2.1). ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a patronym for the Ba Na people, an ethnic group living on the Tay Nguyen Plateau (Central Highlands) of southcentral Vietnam where this species occurs. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Rana banaorum is known only from the Tay Nguyen Plateau of the Central Highlands, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. It inhabits forested montane river systems on or near rapids or waterfalls of primary and disturbed second growth. In May and June males have tight, leathery gular pouches, suggesting that they are not calling and that the breeding season occurs during some other time. REMARKS: Inger and Chanard (1997) and Inger et al. (1999) noted that specimens of Rana chloronota (as R. livida) from An Khe have more pronounced dorsolateral folds than elsewhere in Vietnam. These frogs do not fit Bourret’s (1942) interpretation of R. graminea as a ‘‘northern variety’’ of R. chloronota. These differences likely reflect the occurrence of three sympatric species of the R. chloronota complex from this region. Some male R. banaorum have indistinct, microscopic spinules on the dorsal surface of the leg extending to the feet, forming a ‘‘sawtooth’’ formation along the lateral edge of toe (seen in FMNH specimens that are not part of the type series).Published as part of BAIN, RAOUL H., LATHROP, AMY, MURPHY, ROBERT W., ORLOV, NIKOLAI L. & CUC, HO THU, 2003, Cryptic Species of a Cascade Frog from Southeast Asia: Taxonomic Revisions and Descriptions of Six New Species, pp. 1-60 in American Museum Novitates 3417 on pages 46-50, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2003)4172.0.CO;2, http://zenodo.org/record/473488
Rana megatympanum BAIN & LATHROP & MURPHY & ORLOV & CUC 2003, new species
No full textRana megatympanum, new species (Previously referred to as species 7, ‘‘Large’’) Figures 12O, P, 13G, 14G, H HOLOTYPE: (ROM field no. 12999) ROM 39684, a gravid adult female from Khe Moi River, approximately 24 km west of Con Cuong village (by road), Con Cuong District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam (18°56̍30̎N, 104°48̍35̎E) found between 24 and 29 October 1994 by I.S. Darevsky, L.A. Lowcock, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov. The holotype had leg and liver tissue removed shortly after it was euthanised. PARATYPES: Eight females (ROM 39263, 39685–39691) collected with holotype between 24 and 29 October 1994 by I.S. Darevsky, L.A. Lowcock, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov. Four males (ROM 39237 –39240) from Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam (22°21̍54̎N, 105°25̍40̎E) found along waterfalls between 26 and 27 May 1996 by A. Lathrop and R.W. Murphy between 193 and 0200 hours. ROM 26398 – 26400 Con Cuong District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam (18°56̍30̎N, 104°48̍35̎E), collected 5 June 1995 by B. Hubley, A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov. DIAGNOSIS: Rana megatympanum, a member of the subgenus Odorrana (sensu Fei et al., 1990), is characterized by a combination of the following attributes: (1) body dorsoventrally compressed; (2) SVL means of males 52 mm (48–55 mm), females 100 mm (93–105 mm); (3) vomerine teeth in rows oblique to choanae; (4) yellow lipstripe present in males, absent or indistinct in females; (5) head broad, bluntly rounded in profile; (6) tympanum round, distinct, TMP:EYE in males enormous (1.20), greater than in females (0.51); (7) supratympanic fold weak; (8) dorsal skin shagreened, dorsolateral folds present only in males; (9) dorsum olive to brown sometimes with black spots; flanks marbled yellow and browngray; forelimbs and hindlimbs barred; (10) ventromedial callous pad on fingers II, III, and IV to proximal tubercle, fringes on fingers II, III, and IV; (11) disks on fingers and toes greatly enlarged (>2× base of phalanges); (12) feet fully webbed to toe disk, lateral fringes on I and V to terminal phalanges, webbing brown; (13) subarticular tubercles and an internal metatarsal tubercle distinct, conical; (14) terminal phalanges T shaped; (15) xiphisternum large, deeply notched posteriorly; (16) males with nuptial pads, paired gular pouches, pectoral spines absent; (17) eggs white. COMPARISONS: Rana megatympanum superficially resembles other Asian cascade ranids, including Huia nasica, Rana andersonii, R. archotaphus, R. bacboensis, R. banaorum, R. chalconota, R. chloronota, R. daorum, R. grahami, R. graminea, R. hainanensis, R. hejiangensis, R. hmongorum, R. hosii, R. morafkai, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. kwangwuensis, R. leporipes, R. livida, R. margaretae, R. schmackeri, R. sinica, and R. tiannensis (table 12). It can be differentiated from all other Odorrana by the enormous sexual dimorphism in tympanum size (TMP:EYE 1.20 in males, 0.51 in females). Male R. megatympanum have a yellow lipstripe and females have an indistinct or absent yellow lipstripe, differentiating it from H. nasica, R. archotaphus, R. banaorum, R. chalconota, R. chloronota, R. daorum, R. graminea, R. hejiangensis, R. hosii, R. morafkai, R. leporipes, and R. livida (all with white lipstripes); R. andersonii, R. bacboensis, R. hainanensis, R. jingdongensis, R. margaretae, and R. tiannensis have vertical lipbars; R. junlianensis has a yellow lipstripe with brown lipbars; R. schmackeri has no lipstripe or vertical lipbars. The broad, rounded snout differentiates R. megatympanum from H. nasica, R. andersonii, R. chalconota, and R. schmackeri (obtusely pointed) and from R. graminea and R. margaretae (depressed). Its gular pouches distinguish R. megatympanum from R. andersonii, R. chalconota, R. grahami, R. hainanensis, R. hmongorum, R. hosii, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. kwangwuensis, and R. margaretae. Dorsolateral folds immediately differentiate male R. megatympanum from R. andersonii, R. bacboensis, R. chloronota, R. hainanensis, R. hejiangensis, R. morafkai, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. kwangwuensis, R. livida, R. schmackeri, R. sinica, and R. tiannensis. The dorsolateral fold of male R. megatympanum differs from that of R. daorum, which is composed of minute white granules, R. hmongorum and R. grahami, whose dorsolateral pustules sometimes form a dorsolateral fold, and R. banaorum and R. chalconota, which have folds that are distinct and continuous, extending to the groin. The olive brown coloration with black spots of R. megatympanum differentiates it from H. nasica (olivebrown dorsum, lighter brown laterally) and from R. archotaphus, R. chalconota, R. chloronota, R. daorum, R. graminea, R. hejiangensis, R. hmongorum, R. hosii, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. kwangwuensis, R. leporipes, R. margaretae, R. schmackeri, R. sinica (all with green). Rana megatympanum lacks an external metatarsal tubercle present in R. archotaphus and R. chalconota. Absence of ventral spines in male R. megatympanum separates them from R. andersonii, R. grahami, R. jingdongensis, R. junlianensis, R. margaretae, and R. schmackeri. The presence of white eggs differentiates R. megatympanum from H. nasica, R. andersonii, R. chalconota, R. grahami, R. junlianensis, R. margaretae, R. schmackeri (white eggs with melanic poles), and R. bacboensis (eggs completely melanic). Rana megatympanum differs from R. sinica by its distinct, uncovered tympanum (indistinct and covered with a layer of skin in R. sinica), its disk size (small in R. sinica), its relative finger lengths (I 2× base of phalanges), relative pad size II IV k V, pad width (IV) 75% of pad length, each with ventral circummarginal grooves; subarticular tubercles prominent and conical; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, long; outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Xiphisternum large, deeply notched posteriorly. Skin on dorsum shagreened, becoming increasingly granular laterally; dorsolateral folds absent; small tubercles posteroventral to tympanum; prominent granules on flanks and around cloaca; cloacal opening unmodified, directed posteriorly, at upper level of thighs. COLOR IN LIFE (in preservative): Dorsum olivebrown, flanks yellow and browngray (gray to olive); lipstripe absent (tympanum beige with dark brown center ring); loreal brown (black); iris gold; top onethird red, dorsal limbs brown with black banding (brown); posterior surface of thighs brown with black marbling (cloacal region black, thighs gray with white mottling); webbing marbled white on dark brown (brown on white); venter creamy white (creamy yellow with black mottling). SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS: The eggs of the holotype are creamy white and 2 mm in diameter. Adult females have SVL approximately twice that of males. Males have a yellow lipstripe, and females either lack one or have an indistinctly yellow lip. Males also possess a weak dorsolateral fold, whereas females do not. Males have a larger tympanum than females, velvety nuptial pads extending across the thumb, paired gular pouches located at the angle of the jaw, and no pectoral spines. MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE (in mm): SVL 93.6; SNT 15.0; HDL 46.5; HDW 35.7; EYE 10.8; IOD 6.8; TMP 5.6; TEY 4.1; HND 25.7; FGR 19.6; FPL 3.0; FPW 2.6; TIB 65.0; FTL 49.7; TPL 3.2; TPW 2.4. VARIATION OF PARATYPES: Variation in all type material is given in table 15. MEASUREMENTS OF FEMALE PARATYPES (in mm, n = 10, ROM 26398 –26400, 39685– 39691): SVL 100.3 ± 4.2 (93.6–105.3); SNT 14.8 ± 0.8 (13.8–16.5); HDL 45.1 ± 3.3 (41.3–47.6); HDW 35.2 ± 0.7 (34.1–35.7); EYE 10.2 ± 0.7 (9.3–11.6); IOD 8.8 ± 1.0 (6.8–10.0); TMP 5.3 ± 0.4 (4.6–5.9); TEY 4.7 ± 0.3 (4.1–5.0); HND 25.2 ± 2.5 (20.6– 29.7); FGR 21.0 ± 1.0 (19.6–22.6); FPL 3.5 ± 0.6 (2.8–4.4); FPW 3.0 ± 0.5 (2.5–3.8); TIB 63.0 ± 3.3 (55.8–67.7); FTL 72.0 ± 12.1 (49.7–88.0) TPL 3.4 ± 1.0 (1.9–5.2); TPW 2.8 ± 0.4 (2.2–3.4). MEASUREMENTS OF MALE PARATYPES (in mm, n = 4, ROM 39237 –39240): SVL 52.3 ± 3.4 (48.6–55.2); SNT 8.7 ± 0.8 (8.3–9.6); HDL 28.0 ± 1.4 (24.6–27.1); HDW 18.5 ± 0.8 (18.0–19.1); EYE 4.1 ± 0.9 (3.17–4.6); IOD 5.0 ± 0.5 (4.7–5.6); TMP 4.7 ± 0.3 (4.3–5.1); TEY 1.7 ± 0.3 (1.5–2.0); HND 15.2 ± 0.4 (14.8–15.5); FGR 12.5 ± 0.4 (12.2–13.0); FPL 2.0 ± 0.5 (1.6–2.5); FPW 1.9 ± 0.4 (1.4–2.3); TIB 32.7 ± 0.4 (32.3– 33.1); FTL 38.3 ± 7.3 (29.9–42.8) TPL 1.8 ± 0.6 (1.3–2.5); TPW 1.6 ± 0.1 (1.5–1.6). ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in opposition, derived from the Latin prefix ‘‘mega’’ (meaning very large) and ‘‘tympanum’’, in reference to the relatively large tympanum of this species. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Rana megatympanum is known from northern and northcentral Vietnam. It occurs in montane rivers that vary from shallow and slow moving to torrential and deep. It may be found on boulders and logs, both in and around the water as well as in the adjacent forest. Radiographs revealed that large invertebrates (both insects and crustaceans) form part of the diet. Vocalizations and tadpoles are unknown. REMARKS: The dorsolateral fold and very large tympanum of male R. megatympanum potentially make it Bourret’s (1942) ‘‘northern form’’ of R. chloronota (= R. graminea). However, R. graminea is bright green above (Boulenger, 1899) in contrast to the olivebrown dorsum of R. megatympanum.Published as part of BAIN, RAOUL H., LATHROP, AMY, MURPHY, ROBERT W., ORLOV, NIKOLAI L. & CUC, HO THU, 2003, Cryptic Species of a Cascade Frog from Southeast Asia: Taxonomic Revisions and Descriptions of Six New Species, pp. 1-60 in American Museum Novitates 3417 on pages 50-53, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2003)4172.0.CO;2, http://zenodo.org/record/473488
Rana bacboensis BAIN & LATHROP & MURPHY & ORLOV & CUC 2003, new species
No full text<i>Rana bacboensis</i>, new species <p>(Previously referred to as species 2, ‘‘Black Egg’’)</p> <p>Figures 11D, 12E, F, 13B</p> <p>HOLOTYPE: (ROM field no. 13171) ROM 29534 an adult female from the Khe Moi River, approximately 24 km west of Con Cuong village, Con Cuong District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam (18°56̍30̎N, 104°48̍35̎E) collected 24 October 1994 by I.S. Darevsky, L.A. Lowcock, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov. The holotype had leg and liver tissue removed shortly after it was euthanised.</p> <p>PARATYPES: ROM 29531–29533, all females, collected with holotype on 24 October 1994 by I.S. Darevsky, L.A. Lowcock, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov; ROM 26404, a female collected at the type locality by A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, and N. Orlov on 5 June 1995; ROM 26357–26358, adult females collected from the type locality on 5 June 1995 by A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, and N.L. Orlov; ROM 29359, a female, from Ba Be Lake, Ba Be Lake National Park, Bac Kan Province (formerly Cao Bang Province), Vietnam (22°25̍05̎N, 105°38̍05̎E), collected by R.H. Bain on 24 May 1995 at the outflow on the south side of Ba Be Lake; ROM 29526–29530, all females, from Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam (22°21̍54̎N, 105°25̍40̎E) approximately 15 km from Pac Ban village collected by R.W. Murphy and A. Lathrop between 25 and 30 May 1996; AMNH A­161248, a female, from Hieng Stream, Chau Khe Commune, Con Cuong District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam (19°02̍17̎N, 104°42̍06̎E, elevation 300 m) collected on 29 April 1998 by N.Q. Truong; FMNH 255611 (adult female), 255612 (adult male) along the Khe Chat Stream, Pu Mat Nature Reserve, Con Cuong District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam (18°56̍N, 104°45̍E, elevation 300 m) on 8 September 1998 by Bryan L. Stuart.</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS: <i>Rana bacboensis</i>, a member of the subgenus <i>Odorrana</i> (sensu Fei et al., 1990), is characterized by a combination of the following attributes: (1) body dorsoventrally compressed; (2) SVL of males 54.9 mm, means of females 96 mm (82–105 mm); (3) vomerine teeth present in rows oblique to choanae; (4) vertical black stripes on upper lip (especially under eye), light colored glandule above insertion of arm; (5) head broad, bluntly rounded in profile; (6) tympanum circular, distinct, TMP:EYE 0.43 in females, 0.66 in the male; (7) supratympanic fold weak; (8) dorsal skin shagreened, becoming granular laterally, dorsolateral fold absent; venter smooth; (9) dorsum brown with black blotches; forelimbs and hindlimbs with transverse bands of distinct blotches to tips of digits; (10) median callous pad on base of fingers II and III to proximal tubercle; (11) disks on fingers and toes enlarged (<2× base of phalanges); (12) feet fully webbed to disks, but as a fringe from distal subarticular tubercle of IV, slight lateral fringes on toes I and V to terminal phalanges, webbing marbled brown on white; (13) subarticular tubercles distinct, conical; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, ovoid; (14) terminal phalanges T­ shaped; (15) xiphisternum large, deeply notched posteriorly; (16) male with velvety nuptial pad on thumb, paired gular pouches, no pectoral spines; (17) eggs black.</p> <p> COMPARISONS: <i>Rana bacboensis</i> is one of the larger species of cascade ranids (SVL female 81–105 mm). It can be distinguished from all other cascade ranids of Southeast Asia by its dark, pigmented eggs (immaculate white or white with melanic pole in other species) (table 12). Its black vertical lip­bars distinguish it from <i>R. archotaphus</i>, <i>R. chalconota</i>, <i>R. chloronota</i>, <i>R. grahami</i>, <i>R. graminea</i>, <i>R. hejiangensis</i>, <i>R. hosii</i>, <i>R. jingdongensis</i>, <i>R. kwangwuensis</i>, <i>R. leporipes</i>, <i>R. livida</i>, <i>R. schmackeri</i>, <i>R. sinica</i>, and <i>Huia nasica</i>. The brown dorsum with dark spots distinguishes it from <i>R. archotaphus</i>, <i>R. chalconota</i>, <i>R. chloronota</i>, <i>R. grahami</i>, <i>R. graminea</i>, <i>R. hejiangensis</i>, <i>R. hosii</i>, <i>R. jingdongensis</i>, <i>R. junlianensis</i>, <i>R. kwangwuensis</i>, <i>R. leporipes</i>, <i>R. margaretae</i>, <i>R. schmackeri</i>, and <i>R. sinica</i>, all of which have a predominantly green dorsum. The presence of gular pouches in males differentiates <i>R. bacboensis</i> from <i>R. andersonii</i>, <i>R. chalconota</i>, <i>R. grahami</i>, <i>R. hainanensis</i>, <i>R. hosii</i>, <i>R. jingdongensis</i>, <i>R. junlianensis</i>, <i>R. kwangwuensis</i>, and <i>R. margaretae</i>. <i>Huia nasica</i> has a smooth, olive­brown dorsum with lighter flanks (<i>R. bacboensis</i> is shagreened and uniformly brown with black spots both on the dorsum and flanks), and adult females are smaller than those of <i>R. bacboensis</i> (67 mm vs.> 80 mm). The absence of an outer metatarsal tubercle and the large female SVL also distinguishes <i>R. bacboensis</i> from <i>R. archotaphus</i> and <i>R. chalconota</i> (female SVL 81– 105 mm for <i>R. bacboensis</i>, 59–62 mm and 46–59 mm for <i>R. archotaphus</i> and <i>R. chalconota</i>, respectively). The absence of dorsolateral folds distinguishes <i>R. bacboensis</i> from <i>R. chalconota</i>, <i>R. graminea</i>, <i>R. hosii</i>, and <i>R. leporipes</i> (pustules on the dorsum of <i>R. grahami</i> sometimes form a dorsolateral fold). <i>Rana bacboensis</i> has webbing to the base of the toe pad distinguishing it from <i>R. leporipes</i> (webbing to distal phalanx). <i>Rana sinica</i> can further be distinguished from <i>Rana bacboensis</i> by its indistinct, skin­covered tympanum, and different finger formula (I <II <IV for <i>R. sinica</i>, II <I <IV for <i>R. bacboensis</i>). <i>Rana bacboensis</i> shares a superficial resemblance to <i>R. tiannensis</i>, another large brown cascade ranid, but differs in having shagreened dorsal skin with small lateral granulations (dorsum of <i>R. tiannensis</i> is rough with large, prominent lateral granulations) and smaller toe disk than finger disk (the opposite condition of <i>R. tiannensis</i>). <i>Rana bacboensis</i> most closely resembles <i>R. hainanensis</i>, <i>R. jingdongensis</i>, and <i>R. andersonii</i>. <i>Rana bacboensis</i> further differs from <i>R. hainanensis</i> in its relative lengths of fingers (II <IV <I <III for <i>R. hainanensis</i>) and by its shagreened skin (smooth for <i>R. hainanensis</i>). <i>Rana bacboensis</i> also differs from <i>R. jingdongensis</i> in profile of its snout shape (rounded or obtusely pointed in <i>R. jingdongensis</i> versus rounded in <i>R. bacboensis</i>) and texture of skin (<i>R. jingdongensis</i> dorsum scattered with tubercles and large warts, lips and sides of heads with white spines, all absent in <i>R. bacboensis</i>). <i>Rana bacboensis</i> also differs from <i>R. andersonii</i> in its head shape (obtusely pointed in <i>R. andersonii</i>) and absence of ventral spines in the males.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: A gravid female (ROM 29534), head length greater than width (127%), head width 34% of SVL, length 43% of SVL; snout short, protruding beyond margin of lower jaw, rounded in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in profile; eye large, prominent, 81% of snout length; eyelid broader than interorbital distance. Top of head flat; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region concave; lip flared just anterior to orbit; nostril about three­fourths distance from eye to tip of snout; supratympanic fold barely evident, curving posteroventrally from posterior corner of eye to a level above insertion of arm; tympanum round, distinctly visible, separated from eye by distance equal to TMP:EYE 0.62. Choanae ovoid; vomerine dentigerous processes prominent, slightly oblique, posteromedial to choanae, each bearing numerous teeth. Tongue cordiform, distinctly notched posteriorly, free for approximately one­half its length.</p> <p> Forearms moderately robust; fingers moderately short, slender; hands 27% of SVL, relative lengths of fingers II <I <IV <III; ventromedial callous ridge on fingers II and III prominent, extending to proximal tubercle; disks expanded (<2× base of phalanges), relative pad size II <I <IV <III, pad length (III) 75% of pad width; ventral circummarginal grooves present; terminal phalanges T­ shaped; subarticular tubercles conical. Hindlimbs moderately robust; tibia length 60% of SVL; foot length 62% of SVL; relative toe lengths I <II <III <V <IV; inner tarsal fold absent; feet fully webbed to disks, but as a fringe from distal subarticular tubercle of IV, lateral fringes on toes I and V to terminal phalanges; toes long, slender, with large, rounded triangular disks, relative pad size I = II = III> IV <i>k</i> V, pad width (IV) 85% of pad length, circummarginal grooves present; subarticular tubercles prominent, conical; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, long; outer metatarsal tubercle absent.</p> <p>Xiphisternum large, deeply notched posteriorly.</p> <p>Skin on dorsum shagreened with heavy granulations, leathery in alcohol preservation; dorsolateral folds absent; small tubercles anterior and posterior to tympanum; flanks with small granulations and large pustules; distinct granules on posterior thighs and around cloaca; cloacal opening unmodified, directed posteriorly, at upper level of thighs.</p> <p>COLOR IN LIFE (in preservative): Dorsum, flanks, and loreal region brown (brownish gray) with small black spots, becoming larger on the flanks; upper and lower lips creamy yellow with vertical black bars; dorsal limbs and digits brown with black transverse bands; webbing on feet marbled white and dark brown (black); venter creamy white, sometimes with light spotting on belly, chest, and chin; iris golden, margin of pupil outlined in a striking yellow and red border.</p> <p>SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS: The holotype possesses large, black eggs (2 mm in diameter). The lone male paratype has gular pouches, thickened forearms, and thick white nuptial pads.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE (in mm): SVL 95.1; SNT 12.0; HDL 41.0; HDW 32.2; EYE 9.7; IOD 6.4; TMP 6.0; TEY 5.0; HND 25.6; FGR 21.8; FPL 2.8; FPW 3.7; TIB 56.8; FTL 59.6; TPL 2.4; TPW 2.0.</p> <p>VARIATION OF PARATYPES: Variation in all type material is given in table 15.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS OF FEMALE PARATYPES (in mm, n = 6, ROM 29359, 29526–29530): SVL 95.8 mm ± 6.4 (81.8–105.1); SNT 13.8 ± 1.4 (10.8–15.6); HDL 46.4 ± 3.5 (43.5– 51.2); HDW 35.4 ± 2.9 (34.1–39.6); EYE 9.8 ± 0.5 (9.4–10.8); IOD 7.9 ± 1.7 (5.8– 11.0); TMP 5.3 ± 0.6 (4.0–6.0); TEY 4.9 ± 0.7 (3.6–6.0); HND 25.5 ± 2.8 (18.6–30.3); FGR 20.8 ± 2.3 (14.0–24.1); FPL 3.0 ± 0.3 (2.4–3.6); FPW 3.5 ± 0.6 (2.6–4.3); TIB 58.6 ± 3.7 (50.5–66.2); FTL 70.2 ± 7.8 (55.8–79.1).</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS OF MALE PARATYPE (in mm, FMNH 255611): SVL 54.9, SNT 8.8, HDL 28.0, HDW 18.1, EYE 6.6, IOD 6.1, TMP 4.4, TEY 1.8, HND 16.5, FPL 2.4, FPW 1.8, TIB 32.4, FTL 45.4, TPL 2.4, TPW 1.6.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The specific name, derived from Bac Bo, the Vietnamese name for northern Vietnam (often referred to as Tonkin), reflects this species’ distribution.</p> <p> DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: <i>Rana bacboensis</i> occurs in forested montane river systems across northern Vietnam. These rivers vary from shallow and slow moving to torrential and deep. Specimens may be found on boulders and logs, both in and around the water and in the adjacent forest. Radiographs revealed that females feed on large invertebrates, including small freshwater crabs. Females were collected in April–May and October. The holotype, collected in October, has fully developed ova, and two females (ROM 26358, 29529) collected in the spring have undeveloped ova suggesting a fall breeding season. No calls are associated with this species. The tadpoles are unknown.</p> <p> REMARKS: Cascade ranids bearing white eggs lay them under rocks, sheltered from the sunlight (Pope, 1931; ROM field notes, 1996). In contrast, the black eggs of <i>R. bacboensis</i> might be found where they are exposed to sunlight to promote development, a requirement for some species with melanic eggs (Duellman and Trueb, 1986).</p>Published as part of <i>BAIN, RAOUL H., LATHROP, AMY, MURPHY, ROBERT W., ORLOV, NIKOLAI L. & CUC, HO THU, 2003, Cryptic Species of a Cascade Frog from Southeast Asia: Taxonomic Revisions and Descriptions of Six New Species, pp. 1-60 in American Museum Novitates 3417</i> on pages 32-38, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2003)417<0001:CSOACF>2.0.CO;2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4734880">http://zenodo.org/record/4734880</a>
Astronomy Letters, V. 30, I. 12
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Volume 30, Issue 12, pp. 803-868
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Study of the Weakly Magnetic Star HD 116656
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Volume 46, Issue 11, pp. 867-954
The Nature of Active Radio Galaxies in the Cluster A569
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ERRATA
Erratum: "A Two-Dimensional Hydrostatically Equilibrium Atmosphere of a Neutron Star with Given Differential Rotation" [Pis'ma Astron. Zh. 26, 917 (2000); Astronomy Letters 26, 788 (2000)]
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Breakup of Moving Clusters in the Galactic Disk
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Outburst of the X-ray Transient SAX J1818.6���1703 Detected by the INTEGRAL Observatory in September 2003
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