373 research outputs found
Karte des Kaisergebirges
No full texttopgraphische Aufnahme u. Zeichnung v. L. Aegerter unter Benützung der stereophotogrammetr. Aufnahme v. F. Scheck und der Karten des k.u.k. Militärgeographischen Instituts, hrsg. v. Deutschen u. Oesterr. Alpen-Verein mit Erlaubnis des k.u.k. Kriegsministeriums ; Geländestich v. H. Rohn ; Namenberichtigung von Dr. L. Distel, Dr. G. Leuchs, Prof. Dr. Schatz u. Prof. R. Sinwel ; Seenlotungen von Dr. Joh. Müllne
On lossless quantum data compression and quantum variable-length codes
No full textAhlswede R, Cai N. On lossless quantum data compression and quantum variable-length codes. In: Leuchs G, Beth T, eds. Quantum Information Processing. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2003: 66-78
Continuous enzymatic synthesis of enantiopure, aliphatic (R)-2-alcohols
No full textIn the present work, concepts for the continuous synthesis of enantiopure, long-chain, aliphatic (R)-2-alcohols ((R)-2-octanol to (R)-2-decanol) starting from the corresponding 2-ketones were elaborated. The alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH) is the catalyst of choice with so far unmatched enantioselectivity. For reaction engineering the main challenge is the low solubility of substrates and products in aqueous solutions which is mandatory for activity and stability of LbADH. Strategies to overcome this challenge for synthesis were elaborated based on previous work. Later, these strategies were applied in continuous experiments. The most interesting systems are a monophasic approach using an ionic liquid (IL, TEGO IL K5) as solubiliser as well as a biphasic approach with an organic solvent (methyl-tert-butylether, (MTBE) as substrate and product reservoir. For LbADH catalysed reduction the reduced nicotinamide cofactor NADPH is compulsory as hydride source. NADPH cannot be used in stoichiometric amounts for economic reasons. Therefore, the cofactor is regenerated in situ. The applicable cofactor regeneration systems were chosen for the actual synthesis mode. In the biphasic synthesis, a substrate-coupled cofactor regeneration using 2-propanol was used. In miniaturised continuous experiments with a continuous exchange of the organic phase, a total runtime of 320 h with turnover numbers (TON) of TON(LbADH) = 186·103 and TON(NADP) = 26· 103 were achieved. With this setup a conversion of only 31% were achieved. In consequence, the main focus was shifted to the monophasic approach. In the monophasic synthesis mode, the cofactor regeneration was carried out enzyme coupled with a glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus spec. (GDH) and glucose as hydride donor. Enzymes were retained by ultrafiltration in an enzyme membrane reactor (EMR). With this setup a remarkably long total runtime of up to 1150 h with turnover numbers of TON(LbADH) = 46· 106 and TON(NADP) = 26· 103 were achieved. The key values for the monophasic approach were much better compared to the ones obtained in the biphasic approach. For this reason, the monophasich approach was chosen for a computer-aided optimisation using a process model based on initial rates and cofactor stabilities In total, the costs could be reduced from 150 Euro/kg(product) to 52 Euro/kg(product) and the enviromental impact was decreased with the E-Factor (kg(waste)/kg(product)) from 130 to 30. The monophasic reduction of 2-ketones in an enzyme-membrane reactor is therefore a good possibility to produce enantiopure alcohols. The low solubility of the substrates and products can be overcome using the IL TEGO IL K5. Costs as well as envormental impact render the results attractive for the production of fine chemicals such as the sparingly soluble long-chain enantiopure aliphatic alcohols
Entangling the whole by beam splitting a part
No full textL. M. acknowledges support through Project No. P205/12/0694 of GACR. N. K. is grateful for the support provided by the A. von Humboldt Foundation. C. C. and N. K. acknowledge the support from the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). The project was supported within the framework of the BMBF Grant “QuOReP” and in the framework of the International Max Planck Partnership (IMPP) with Scottish Universities. C. C. and C. P. contributed equally to this work.A beam splitter is a basic linear optical element appearing in many optics experiments and is frequently used as a continuous-variable entangler transforming a pair of input modes from a separable Gaussian state into an entangled state. However, a beam splitter is a passive operation that can create entanglement from Gaussian states only under certain conditions. One such condition is that the input light is suitably squeezed. We demonstrate, experimentally, that a beam splitter can create entanglement even from modes which do not possess such a squeezing provided that they are correlated to, but not entangled with, a third mode. Specifically, we show that a beam splitter can create three-mode entanglement by acting on two modes of a three-mode fully separable Gaussian state without entangling the two modes themselves. This beam splitter property is a key mechanism behind the performance of the protocol for entanglement distribution by separable states. Moreover, the property also finds application in collaborative quantum dense coding in which decoding of transmitted information is assisted by interference with a mode of the collaborating party.Peer reviewe
Multi-twist polarization ribbon topologies in highly-confined optical fields
No full textElectromagnetic plane waves, solutions to Maxwell's equations, are said to be 'transverse' in vacuum. Namely, the waves' oscillatory electric and magnetic fields are confined within a plane transverse to the waves' propagation direction. Under tight-focusing conditions however, the field can exhibit longitudinal electric or magnetic components, transverse spin angular momentum, or non-trivial topologies such as Möbius strips. Here, we show that when a suitably spatially structured beam is tightly focused, a 3-dimensional polarization topology in the form of a ribbon with two full twists appears in the focal volume. We study experimentally the stability and dynamics of the observed polarization ribbon by exploring its topological structure for various radii upon focusing and for different propagation planes
Tyrol, Steyermark, Illyrien, Dalmatien und Triest
No full textTYROL, STEYERMARK, ILLYRIEN, DALMATIEN UND TRIEST
Grosses Adressbuch der Kaufleute, Fabrikanten und handelnden Gewerbsleute von Europa und den Hauptplätzen der fremden Welttheile (-)
Tyrol, Steyermark, Illyrien, Dalmatien und Triest (11 / 1844) ( - )
Einband ( - )
Titelseite ([I])
Oesterreichischer Kaiserstaat. ([1])
Gefürstete Grafschaft Tyrol mit den vorarlbergischen Herrschaften. ([1])
1) Innsbrucker Kreis. (2)
Innsbruck. (2)
Hall. (3)
Rattenberg. (4)
Schwatz. (4)
Kufstein. Kitzbühel. (5)
2) Oberinnthaler Kreis. (6)
Glurns. Imst. (6)
Landeck. (6)
3) Pusterthaler Kreis. (7)
Bruneck, Niederdorf. (7)
Brixen. (7)
Lienz. (8)
Sterzing. (8)
Innichen. (9)
4) Etschkreis. (9)
Botzen. (9)
Meran. (10)
Klausen. Gröden, (11)
5) Trienter Kreis. (11)
Trient, (11)
6) Rovereder Kreis. (13)
Roveredo, (13)
Ala. Riva, Arco, (15)
7) Bregenzer Kreis oder Kreis der vorarlbergischen Herrschaften. (15)
Bregenz. (15)
Feldkirch. (16)
Bludenz, (17)
Dornbirn. (18)
Hohenems. (19)
Herzogthum Steyermark. (20)
1) Grätzer Kreis. (20)
Grätz. (20)
Radkersburg. (24)
Fürstenfeld. (24)
2) Marburger Kreis. (26)
Marburg. (-)
Pettau. (27)
3) Cillier Kreis. (28)
Cilli. (28)
4) Brucker Kreis. (30)
Bruck an der Mur. (30)
Leoben an der Mur. (31)
Eisenerz, (31)
Maria-Zell. (32)
5) Judenburger Kreis. (33)
Judenburg. (33)
Knittelfeld. Murau. (34)
Rottenmann. (34)
Aussee. Neumarkt. (36)
Königreich Illyrien. (37)
Herzogthum Krain. (37)
1) Laibacher Kreis (Oberkrain). (37)
Laibach. (37)
Krainburg. (39)
Neumarktl. (40)
2) Neustadtler Kreis (sonst Unterkrain). (41)
Neustadtl. (41)
Gottschee, (41)
3) Adelsberger Kreis (Innerkrain). (42)
Adelsberg. (42)
Idria. (43)
Herzogthum Kärnthen. (44)
1) Klagenfurter Kreis (Unterkärnthen). (44)
Klagenfurt. (44)
St. Veit. Völkermarkt. (46)
Wolfsberg. (46)
Friesach, (47)
2) Villacher Kreis (Oberkärnthen). (48)
Villach. (48)
Feldkirchen. (49)
Bleiberg. (50)
Gouvernement von Triest. (51)
Görzer Kreis. (51)
Görz. (51)
Istrianer Kreis. (52)
Mitterburg, Capo d'Istria. Pirano. (52)
Rovigno. (53)
Parenzo. (53)
Triest. (55)
Königreich Dalmatien. (61)
Kreis von Zara. (61)
Zara. Sebenico. (61)
Scardona. (62)
Kreis von Spalato. (62)
Spalato, (62)
Trau, (63)
Kreis von Ragusa. Kreis von Cattaro. (64)
Fabrikzeichen der Eisenwerke in Unterkärnthen. (65)
Fabrikzeichen der Eisenwerke in Krain (69)
Fabrikzeichen der Eisenhämmer in Steiermark. (69)
Fabrikzeichen der Sensenhämmer in Steiermark. (78)
Sensengewerke in Kärnthen. (81)
Sensengewerke in Krain. (82)
Nachträge. (83)
Waren- und Fabriken-Register. (94)
Orte-Register. (95)
A (95)
B (95)
C - F (96)
G (96)
H - J (97)
K (97)
L - N (98)
O (98)
P - R (99)
S (99)
T - Z (100)
Einband ( -
Reaction Engineering of Biocatalytic Enantioselective Reduction: A Case Study for Aliphatic Ketones
No full textPreviously, it could be demonstrated, that the monophasic, enzymatic reduction of aliphatic 2-ketones into the corresponding (R)-2-alcohols is an adequate and viable method as carried out in a cascade of two enzyme–membrane reactors (Leuchs, S.; Na’amnieh, S. N.; Greiner, L. Green Chemistry 2013, 15, 167–176.). In the present work, the process metrics of the ketone reduction were calculated. A cost analysis revealed that the enzyme costs are negligible, but the cost for nicotinamide cofactor NADP+ is dominating the overall cost of the chemical raw material followed by the ionic liquid (TEGO IL K5) used as solubiliser and the buffer. The overall cost of chemicals was €148/kgproduct. To assess the environmental impact of the process, the E-factor (kgwaste/kgproduct) 132 and the process mass intensity 133 (PMI, kgsubstrate/kgproduct) were calculated. A process model based on initial rate experiments was elaborated and used to improve the process under cost and environmental aspects. Applying several measures to enhance the cofactor utilisation, the cost base could be reduced by 65% and the E-factor (PMI) to 17 (18)
Tyrol, Steyermark, Illyrien, Dalmatien und Triest
No full textTYROL, STEYERMARK, ILLYRIEN, DALMATIEN UND TRIEST
Grosses Adressbuch der Kaufleute, Fabrikanten und handelnden Gewerbsleute von Europa und den Hauptplätzen der fremden Welttheile (-)
Tyrol, Steyermark, Illyrien, Dalmatien und Triest (11 / 1844) ( - )
Cover ( - )
Title page ([I])
Oesterreichischer Kaiserstaat. ([1])
Gefürstete Grafschaft Tyrol mit den vorarlbergischen Herrschaften. ([1])
1) Innsbrucker Kreis. (2)
Innsbruck. (2)
Hall. (3)
Rattenberg. (4)
Schwatz. (4)
Kufstein. Kitzbühel. (5)
2) Oberinnthaler Kreis. (6)
Glurns. Imst. (6)
Landeck. (6)
3) Pusterthaler Kreis. (7)
Bruneck, Niederdorf. (7)
Brixen. (7)
Lienz. (8)
Sterzing. (8)
Innichen. (9)
4) Etschkreis. (9)
Botzen. (9)
Meran. (10)
Klausen. Gröden, (11)
5) Trienter Kreis. (11)
Trient, (11)
6) Rovereder Kreis. (13)
Roveredo, (13)
Ala. Riva, Arco, (15)
7) Bregenzer Kreis oder Kreis der vorarlbergischen Herrschaften. (15)
Bregenz. (15)
Feldkirch. (16)
Bludenz, (17)
Dornbirn. (18)
Hohenems. (19)
Herzogthum Steyermark. (20)
1) Grätzer Kreis. (20)
Grätz. (20)
Radkersburg. (24)
Fürstenfeld. (24)
2) Marburger Kreis. (26)
Marburg. (-)
Pettau. (27)
3) Cillier Kreis. (28)
Cilli. (28)
4) Brucker Kreis. (30)
Bruck an der Mur. (30)
Leoben an der Mur. (31)
Eisenerz, (31)
Maria-Zell. (32)
5) Judenburger Kreis. (33)
Judenburg. (33)
Knittelfeld. Murau. (34)
Rottenmann. (34)
Aussee. Neumarkt. (36)
Königreich Illyrien. (37)
Herzogthum Krain. (37)
1) Laibacher Kreis (Oberkrain). (37)
Laibach. (37)
Krainburg. (39)
Neumarktl. (40)
2) Neustadtler Kreis (sonst Unterkrain). (41)
Neustadtl. (41)
Gottschee, (41)
3) Adelsberger Kreis (Innerkrain). (42)
Adelsberg. (42)
Idria. (43)
Herzogthum Kärnthen. (44)
1) Klagenfurter Kreis (Unterkärnthen). (44)
Klagenfurt. (44)
St. Veit. Völkermarkt. (46)
Wolfsberg. (46)
Friesach, (47)
2) Villacher Kreis (Oberkärnthen). (48)
Villach. (48)
Feldkirchen. (49)
Bleiberg. (50)
Gouvernement von Triest. (51)
Görzer Kreis. (51)
Görz. (51)
Istrianer Kreis. (52)
Mitterburg, Capo d'Istria. Pirano. (52)
Rovigno. (53)
Parenzo. (53)
Triest. (55)
Königreich Dalmatien. (61)
Kreis von Zara. (61)
Zara. Sebenico. (61)
Scardona. (62)
Kreis von Spalato. (62)
Spalato, (62)
Trau, (63)
Kreis von Ragusa. Kreis von Cattaro. (64)
Fabrikzeichen der Eisenwerke in Unterkärnthen. (65)
Fabrikzeichen der Eisenwerke in Krain (69)
Fabrikzeichen der Eisenhämmer in Steiermark. (69)
Fabrikzeichen der Sensenhämmer in Steiermark. (78)
Sensengewerke in Kärnthen. (81)
Sensengewerke in Krain. (82)
Nachträge. (83)
Waren- und Fabriken-Register. (94)
Orte-Register. (95)
A (95)
B (95)
C - F (96)
G (96)
H - J (97)
K (97)
L - N (98)
O (98)
P - R (99)
S (99)
T - Z (100)
Cover ( -
Continuous biocatalytic synthesis of (R)-2-octanol with integrated product separation
No full textThe continuous biocatalytic synthesis of (R)-2-octanol carried out in an enzyme membrane reactor showed an excellent process stability of the biocatalysts, resulting in a turnover number of 15 million for the applied alcohol dehydrogenase. Utilisation of the ionic liquid AMMOENGTM 101 as a feasible cosolvent increased substrate concentration, and improved space time yields and turnover numbers of the cofactor by factors of 3 and 6, respectively. Moreover, 80% less waste was generated, while producing the same amount of product. Integrated product separation was realized via solid phase extraction. Extraction of the applied solid phase with supercritical carbon dioxide allowed more than 30 reuses of the solid phase
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