490 research outputs found

    Combined analysis of 635 patients confirms an age-related association of the serotonin 2A receptor gene with tardive dyskinesia and specificity for the non-orofacial subtype

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    Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an important limiting factor in the use of typical antipsychotic drugs. Genetic variability in the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor may influence risk for TD but the results of prior studies are not confirmatory. The objective of this study was to determine association of T102C and His452Tyr polymorphisms in the 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) with TD in a large, multicentre patient sample. The design employed case-control analysis controlling for possible confounders using pooled, original data from published and available unpublished samples and employing logistic regression, analysis of variance and meta-analysis. The study sample consisted of 635 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (256 with TD and 379 without TD) drawn from five research centres, divided into six groups based on population origin. The main outcome measure was association of a categorical diagnosis of TD based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TD with HTR2A T102C and His452Tyr genotypes and haplotypes. The findings indicate significant association of TD with HTR2A T102C genotype (p = 0.002) over and above the effect of population group, also when controlling for age and gender (p = 0.0008), but not with His452Tyr genotype. The T102C genotype was significantly associated with TD in older (> median age 47 yr, p = 0.002) but not younger patients and in patients with non-orofacial (limb-truncal) (p=0.001) but not orofacial TD. By meta-analysis the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) pooled odds ratio (OR) across all the available data was 1.64. A T102C-His452Tyr haplotype was significantly associated with TD (p = 0.0008). These findings confirm that genetic variability in HTR2A contributes a small but significant degree of risk for the expression of TD, particularly in older patients and specifically for the non-orofacial (limb-truncal) type. Together with other genetic variants associated with TD the findings could be used to assess risk in patients who are candidates for treatment with typical antipsychotic medications

    Fine mapping of a schizophrenia susceptibility locus at chromosome 6q23: increased evidence for linkage and reduced linkage interval

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    We previously reported an autosomal scan for schizophrenia susceptibility loci in a systematically recruited sample of Arab Israeli families. The scan detected significant evidence for linkage at chromosome 6q23 with a nonparametric LOD score (NPL) of 4.60 (P1⁄40.000004) and a multipoint parametric LOD score of 4.16. In order to refine this finding we typed 42 additional microsatellite markers on chromosome 6q between D6S1570 (99.01cM from the pter) and D6S281 (190.14 from the pter) in the same sample (average intermarker distanceB1.7 cM). In the 23cM region between D6S1715 and D6S311, markers were more closely spaced (B1.1cM). Multipoint nonparametric and parametric and single point linkage analyses were performed. The peak NPL rose to 4.98 (P1⁄40.00000058) at D6S1626 (136.97cM), immediately adjacent to D6S292 (NPL 4.98, P1⁄40.00000068), the marker that gave the highest NPL in the original genome scan, under the broad diagnostic category. The putative susceptibility region (NPL-1) was reduced from 12.0 to 4.96 cM. The peak multipoint parametric LOD score was 4.63 at D6S1626 under a dominant genetic model, core diagnostic category and the LOD-1 interval was 2.10 cM. The maximum single point LOD score (3.55, h1⁄40.01) was also at D6S1626 (dominant model, core diagnostic category). Increased evidence for linkage in the same sample as in the original genome scan and consistent localization of the linkage peak add further support for the presence of a schizophrenia susceptibility locus at chromosome 6q23. Moreover, the markedly reduced linkage interval greatly improves prospects for identifying a schizophrenia susceptibility gene within the implicated regio

    Combined analysis of 635 patients confirms an age-related association of the serotonin 2A receptor gene with tardive dyskinesia and specificity for the non-orofacial subtype

    No full text
    Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an important limiting factor in the use of typical antipsychotic drugs. Genetic variability in the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor may influence risk for TD but the results of prior studies are not confirmatory. The objective of this study was to determine association of T102C and His452Tyr polymorphisms in the 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) with TD in a large, multicentre patient sample. The design employed case-control analysis controlling for possible confounders using pooled, original data from published and available unpublished samples and employing logistic regression, analysis of variance and meta-analysis. The study sample consisted of 635 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (256 with TD and 379 without TD) drawn from five research centres, divided into six groups based on population origin. The main outcome measure was association of a categorical diagnosis of TD based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TD with HTR2A T102C and His452Tyr genotypes and haplotypes. The findings indicate significant association of TD with HTR2A T102C genotype (p = 0.002) over and above the effect of population group, also when controlling for age and gender (p = 0.0008), but not with His452Tyr genotype. The T102C genotype was significantly associated with TD in older (> median age 47 yr, p = 0.002) but not younger patients and in patients with non-orofacial (limb-truncal) (p=0.001) but not orofacial TD. By meta-analysis the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) pooled odds ratio (OR) across all the available data was 1.64. A T102C-His452Tyr haplotype was significantly associated with TD (p = 0.0008). These findings confirm that genetic variability in HTR2A contributes a small but significant degree of risk for the expression of TD, particularly in older patients and specifically for the non-orofacial (limb-truncal) type. Together with other genetic variants associated with TD the findings could be used to assess risk in patients who are candidates for treatment with typical antipsychotic medications

    AHI1, a pivotal neurodevelopmental gene, and C6orf217 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia

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    Schizophrenia, a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, is believed to involve multiple genetic factors. A significant body of evidence supports a pivotal role for abnormalities of brain development in the disorder. Linkage signals for schizophrenia map to human chromosome 6q. To obtain a finer localization, we genotyped 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a young, inbred Arab-Israeli family sample with a limited number of founders. The SNPs were mostly within a approximately 7 Mb region around the strong linkage peak at 136.2 Mb that we had previously mapped. The most significant genetic association with schizophrenia for single SNPs and haplotypes was within a 500 kb genomic region of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) at 135.85 Mb. In a different, outbred, nuclear family sample that was not appropriate for linkage analysis, under-transmitted haplotypes incorporating the same SNPs (but not the individual SNPs) were significantly associated with schizophrenia. The implicated genomic region harbors the Abelson Helper Integration Site 1 (AHI1) gene, which showed the strongest association signal, and an adjacent, primate-specific gene, C6orf217. Mutations in human AHI1 underlie the autosomal recessive Joubert Syndrome with brain malformation and mental retardation. Previous comparative genomic analysis has suggested accelerated evolution of AHI1 in the human lineage. C6orf217 has multiple splice isoforms and is expressed in brain but does not seem to encode a functional protein. The two genes appear in opposite orientations and their regulatory upstream regions overlap, which might affect their expression. Both, AHI1 and C6orf217 appear to be highly relevant candidate genes for schizophrenia

    Local affine image matching and synthesis based on structural patterns

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    A general purpose block-to-block affine transformation estimator is described. The estimator is based on Fourier slice analysis and Fourier spectral alignment. It shows encouraging performance in terms of both speed and accuracy compared to existing methods. The key elements of its success are attributed to the ability to: 1) locate an arbitrary number of affine invariant points in the spectrum that latch onto significant structural features; 2) match the estimated invariant points with the target spectrum by the slicewise phase-correlation; and 3) use affine invariant points to directly compute all linear parameters of the full affine transform by spectral alignment. Experimental results using a wide range of textures are presented. Potential applications include affine invariant image segmentation, registration, affine symmetric image coding, and motion analysis

    Serotonin transporter 5HTTLPR polymorphism and affective disorders: no evidence of association in a large European multicenter study.

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    The available data from preclinical and pharmacological studies on the role of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) support the hypothesis that a dysfunction in brain serotonergic system activity contributes to the vulnerability to affective disorders (AD). 5-HTT is the major site of serotonin reuptake into the presynaptic neuron, and it has been shown that the polymorphic repeat polymorphism in the 5-HTT promotor region (5-HTTLPR) may affect gene-transcription activity. 5-HTT maps to chromosome 17 at position 17q11.17-q12, and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms have been extensively investigated in AD with conflicting results. The present study tested the genetic contribution of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in a large European multicenter case-control sample, including 539 unipolar (UPAD), 572 bipolar patients (BPAD), and 821 controls (C). Our European collaboration has led to efforts to optimize a methodology that attenuates some of the major limitations of the case-control association approach. No association was found with primary psychiatric diagnosis (UPAD and BPAD) and with phenotypic traits (family history of AD, suicidal attempt, and presence of psychotic features). Our negative findings are not attributable to the lack of statistical power, and may contribute to clarify the role of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in AD.Comparative StudyJournal ArticleMulticenter StudyResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Genetics of schizophrenia and affective psychoses

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    PART 1 - THE GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND AFFECTIVE PSYCHOSES (pages 4- 69)This comprises an overview and critique of the work that led to the publications that form the thesis.PART 2 - THE REFERENCE LISTS OF THE PUBLICATIONS DISCUSSED, (pages 70-124)1987Kutcher, S.P., Blackwood, D.H.R., St. Clair, D.M., Gaskell, D.F., and Muir, W.J. (1987) Major author "Auditory P300 in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia" Archives of General Psychiatry, 44: 645-6501988Blackwood, D.H.R., St. Clair, D.M., Muir, W.J., Oliver, C.J., and Dickens, P. (1988) Minor author "The development of Alzheimer's diseases in Down's syndrome assessed by auditory event-related potentials" Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 32: 439-453 Muir, W.J., Squire, I., Blackwood, D.H.R., Speight, M.D., St. Clair, D.M., Oliver, C., and Dickens, P. (1988) "Auditory P300 response in the assessment of Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome: a two year follow-up study" Major author Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 32: 455-4631989Blackwood, D.H.R., Muir, W.J., St. Clair, D.M., and Evans, H.J. (1989) Major author "Schizophrenia and chromosomes" (Letter) Lancet, ii: 1459 Kutcher, S.P., Blackwood, D.H.R., Gaskell, D.F., Muir, W.J., and St. Clair, D.M. (1989) Major author "Auditory P300 does not differentiate borderline personality disorder from schizotypal personality disorder" Biological Psychiatry, 26: 766-774 St. Clair, D.M., Blackwood, D.H.R., and Muir, W.J. (1989a) Major author "P300 abnormality in schizophrenic subtypes" Journal of Psychiatric Research, 23: 49-551990Blackburn, I.M., Roxborough, H.M., Muir, W.J., Glabus, M., and Blackwood, D.H.R. (1990) Minor author "Perceptual and physiological dysfunction in depression" Psychological. Medicine, 20: 95-103 St. Clair, D., Blackwood, D., Muir, W., Carothers, A., Walker, M., Spowart, G., Gosden, C., and Evans, H.J. (1990) Major author "Association within a family of a balanced autosomal translocation with major mental illness" Lancet, 336: 13-161991Blackwood, D., St. Clair, D., and Muir, W. (1991a) Major author "DNA markers and biological vulnerability markers in families multiply affected with schizophrenia" European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 240: 191-196 Blackwood, D.H.R., St. Clair, D.M., Muir, W.J., and Duffy, J. (1991b) Major author "Auditory P300 and eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenic pedigrees" Archives of General Psychiatry, 48: 899-909 Blackwood, D.H.R., Young, A.H., McQueen, J.K., Martin, M.J., Roxborough, H.M., Muir, W.J., St Clair, D.M., and Kean, D.M. (1991) Major author "Magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: altered brain morphology associated with P300 abnormalities and eye tracking dysfunction" Biological Psychiatry, 30: 753-769 Morris, S.W., Muir, W., and St. Clair, D. (1991) Major author "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human tyrosinase gene" Nucleic Acids Research, 19: 69681993Evans, K.L., Fantes, J., Simpson, C., Arvelier, B., Muir, W., Fletcher, J., Van Heyningen, V., Steel, K.P., Brown, K.A., Brown, S.D.M., St. Clair, D., and Porteous, D. (1993) Minor author "Fluman olfactory marker protein maps close to tyrosinase and is a candidate gene for Usher syndrome type I" Human Molecular Genetics, 2: 115-118 Fletcher, J.M., Evans, K., Baillie, D., Byrd, P., Hanratty, D., Leach, S., Julier, C., Gosden, J.R., Muir, W., Porteous, D.J., St. Clair, D., and Van Heyningen, V. (1993) Minor author "Schizophrenia-associated chromosome 11 q21 translocation: identification of flanking markers and development of chromosome 11 q fragment hybrids as cloning and mapping resources" American Journal of Human Genetics, 52: 478-490 Roxborough, H.M., Muir, W.J., Blackwood, D.H.R., Walker, M.T. and Blackburn, I.M. (1993) Major author "Neuropsychological and P300 abnormalities in schizophrenics and their relatives" Psychological Medicine, 23: 305-3141994Blackwood, D.H.R., Ebmeier, K.P., Muir, W.J., Sharp, C.W., Glabus, M., Walker, M., Souza, V., Dunan, J.R., Murray, C., Dougall, N., and Goodwin, G.M. (1994) Major author "Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow measured by single photon emission tomography with P300 latency and eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia" Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90: 157-166 Blackwood D.H.R., Muir, W.J., Roxborough, H.M., Walker, M.T., Townshend, R., Glabus, M., and Wolff, S. (1994) Major author "Schizoid personality in childhood: auditory P300 and eye tracking responses at follow up in adult life" Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24: 487-500 Dr Walter J Muir, Doctor of Science Thesis, the University of Edinburgh 75 Glabus, M.F., Blackwood, D.H.R., Ebmeier, K.P., Walker, M.T., Souza, V., Dunan, J.R., Sharp, C.W. and Muir, W.J. (1994) Major author "Methodological considerations in measurement of the P300 component of the auditory ERP in schizophrenia" Electroencephalography Clinical Neurophysiology, 90: 123-134 Morris, S., Leung, J., Sharp, C., Blackwood, D., Muir, W., and St. Clair, D. (1994) Major author "Screening schizophrenic patients for mutations in the amyloid precursor protein gene" Psychiatric Genetics, 4: 23-27 Sham, P.C., Morton, N.E., Muir, W.J., Walker, M., Collins, A., Shields, D.C., St. Clair, D.M., and Blackwood, D.H.R. (1994) Major author "Segregation analysis of complex phenotypes: an application to schizophrenia and auditory P300 latency" Psychiatric Genetics, 4: 29-38 Sharp, C.W., Muir, W.J., Blackwood, D.H.R., Walker, M., Gosden, C., St. Clair, D.M. (1994) Major author "Schizophrenia and mental retardation associated in a pedigree with retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural deafness" American Journal of Medical Genetics, (Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 54: 354-3601995Brookes, A.J., Slorach, E.M., Evans, K.L., Thomson, M.L., Gosden, C.M., Muir, W.J., and Porteous DJ. (1995) Major author "Identifying genes within microdissected genomic DNA: Isolation of brain expressed genes from a translocation region associated with inherited mental illness" Mammalian Genome, 6: 257-262 de Souza, V.B.N., Muir, W.J., Walker, M.T., Glabus, M., Roxborough, H.M., Sharp, C.W., Dunan, J.R., and Blackwood, D.H.R. (1995) Major author "Auditory P300 event-related potentials and neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder" Biological Psychiatry, 37: 300-310 Evans, K.L., Brown, J., Shibasaki, Y., Devon, R.S., Arvelier, B., Christie, S., Maule, J.C., Baillie, D., Slorach, E.M., Anderson, S.M., Gosden, J.R., He, L., Petit, J., Weith, A., Gosden, C.M., Blackwood, D.H.R., St. Clair, D.M., Muir, W.J., Brookes, A.J., and Porteous, D.J. (1995) Minor author "A three megabase contiguous clone map on the long arm of chromosome 11 across a balanced translocation associated with schizophrenia" Genomics, 28: 420-428 He, L., Mansfield, D.C., Brown, A.F., Green, D.K., St. Clair, D.M., Muir, W.J., Morris, S.W., Wright, A.F., and Blackwood, D.H.R. (1995) Minor author "Automated linkage analysis in psychiatric disorders" American Journal of Medical Genetics, (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 60: 192-198 Petit, J., Bosseau, P., Evans, K., Gosden, C., Muir, W., St. Clair, D., Porteous, D., and Arvelier, B. (1995) Minor author Seeding of YAC's over regions 1 q41 -42,3 and 11 q14.3-q23 with microdissection clones" European Journal of Human Genetics, 3: 351-3561996Battersby, S., Ogilvie, A.D., Smith, C.A.D., Blackwood, D.H.R., Muir, W.J., Quinn, J., Fink, G., Goodwin, G.M., and Harmar, A.J. (1996) Minor author "Structure of a variable number tandem repeat of the serotonin transporter gene and association with affective disorder" Psychiatric Genetics, 6: 177-181 Blackwood, D.H.R. Muir, W.J., Stevenson, A., Wentzel, J., Ad'hiah, A., Walker, M.T., Papiha, S.S., St. Clair, D.M., and Roberts, D.F., (1996) Major author "Reduced expression of HLA B35 in schizophrenia" Psychiatric Genetics, 6: 51-59 Harmar A.J., Ogilvie, A.D., Battersby S., Smith, C.A.D., Blackwood, D.H.R, Muir, W.J., Fink, G., and Goodwin, F.M. (1996) Minor author "The serotonin transporter gene and affective disorder" Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, LXI: 791-795 He, L., Carothers, A., Blackwood, D.H.R., Teague, P., Maclean, A.W., Brown, J., Wright, A.W., Muir, W.J., Porteous, D.J., and St. Clair, D.M. (1996) Minor author "Recombination patterns around the breakpoint of a balanced 1:11 autosomal translocation associated with major mental illness" Psychiatric Genetics, 6: 201-208 He, L., Morris, S., Lennon, A., St. Clair, D.M., Porteous, D.J., Wright, A.F., Muir, W.J., and Blackwood, D.H.R. (1996) Major author "A genome-wide search for linkage in a large bipolar family: comparison of genotyping accuracy using di- and tetra-nucleotide repeat microsatellite markers" Psychiatric Genetics, 6: 123-129 Schizophrenia Linkage Collaborative Group For Chromosomes 3, 6, and 8: Levinson, D.F., Wildenauer, D.B., Schwab, S.G., Albus, M., Hallmayer, J., Lerer, B., Maier, W., Blackwood, D., Muir, W., StClair, D., Morris, S., Moises, H.W., Yang, L., Kristbjarnarson, H., Helgason, T., Wiese, C., Collier, D.A., Holmans, P., Daniels, J., Rees, M., Asherson, P., Roberts, Q., Cardno, A., Arranz, M.J., Vallada, H., McGuffin, D., Owen, M.J., Pulver, A.E., Antonarakis, S.E., Babb, R., Blouin, J.L., Demarchi, N., Dombroski, B., Housman, D., Karayiorgou, M., Ott, J., Kasch, L., Kazazian, H., Lasseter, V.K., Loetscher, E., Luebbert, H., Nestadt, G., Ton, C., Wolyniec, P.S., Laurent, C., Dechaldee, M., Thibaut, F., Jay, M., Samolyk, D., Petit, M., Campion, D., Mallet, J., Straub, R.E., Maclean, C.J., Easter, S.M., Oneill, F.A., Walsh, D., Kendler, K.S., Gejman, P.V., Cao, Q.H., Gershon, E., Badner, J., Beshah, E., Zhang, J., Riley, B.P., Rajagopalan, S., Mogudicarter, M., Jenkins, T., Williamson, R., DeLisi, L.E., Garner, C., Kelly, M., Leduc, C., Cardon, L., Lichter, J., Harris, T., Loftus, J., Shields, G., Comasi, M., Vita, A., Smith, A., Dann, J., Joslyn, G., Gurling, H., Kalsi, G., Brynjolfsson, J., Curtis, D., Sigmundsson, T., Butler, R., Read, T., Murphy, P., Chen, A.C.H., Petursson, H., Byerley, B., Hoff, M., Holik, J., Coon, H., Nancarrow, D.J., Crowe, R.R., Andreasen, N., Silverman, J.M., Mohs, R.C., Siever, L.J., Endicott, J., Sharpe, L., Walters, M.K., Lennon, D.P., Hayward, N.K., Sandkuijl, L.A., Mowry, B.J., Aschauer, H.N., Meszaros, K., Lenzinger, E., Fuchs, K., Heiden, A.M., Kruglyak, L., Daly, M.J., and Matise, T.C. (1996) Minor author "Additional support for schizophrenia linkage on chromosomes 6 and 8: a multicenter study" American Journal of Medical Genetics 67: 580-594 Schizophrenia Collaborative Linkage Group for Chromosome 22 (1996) - Gill, M., Vallada, H., Collier, D., Sham, P., Holmans, P., Murray, R., McGuffin, P., Nanko, S., Owen, M., Lasseter, V.K., Pulver, A.E., Meyers, D., Nestadt, G., Antonarkis, S., Housman, D, Childs, B., Straub, R., Su, Y., MacLean, C., Murphy, B., Wang, S., Walsh, D., Kendler, K., Polymeropoulos, M., Coon, H., Byerley, W., Gershon, E., Golden, L., Crow, T., DeLisi, L., Freedman, R., Reimherr, F., Wnder, P., Larent, C., Dumas, J-B., D'Amato, T., Jay, M., Martinez, M., Campion, D., Mallet, J., Wildenauer, D., Flallmayer, J., Lerer, B., Maier, W., Schwab, S., Ebstein, R., Gurling, H, Curtis, D., Blackwood, D., Muir, W., St. Clair, D., Fie, L., Maguire, S., Moises, Ft., Yang, L., Wiese, C., Kristbjarnson, Ft., Levinson, D., and Mowry, B. (1996) Minor author "A combined analysis of D22S278 marker alleles in affected sib-pairs: support for a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia at 22q12" American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 67: 40-451997Lindholm, E., Cavelier, L., Ffowell, M., Eriksson, I., Jalonen, P., Adolfsson, R., Blackwood, D.FI.R., Muir, W.J., Brookes, A.J., Gyllensten, U., and Jazin, E.E. (1997) Minor author "Mitochondrial sequence variants in patients with schizophrenia" European Journal of Fluman Genetics, 5: 406-412 Mors, O., Ewald, FL, Blackwood, D., and Muir, W. (1997) Major author "Cytogenetic abnormalities on chromosome 18 associated with bipolar affective disorder or schizophrenia" British Journal of Psychiatry, 170: 278-280 Wilson-Annan, J.C., Blackwood, D.FI.R., Muir, W., Millar, J.K., and Porteous, D.J. (1997) Major author "An allelic association study of two polymorphic markers in close proximity to a balanced translocation breakpoint t(1 ;11) which co-segregates with mental illness" Psychiatric Genetics 7: 171-1741998Asherson, P., Mant, R., Williams, N., Cardno, A., Jones, L., Murphy, K., Collier, D.A., Nanko, S., Craddock, N., Morris, S., Muir, W., Blackwood, D., McGuffin, P., and Owen, M.J. (1998) Minor author "A study of chromosome 4p markers and dopamine D5 receptor gene in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder" Molecular Psychiatry, 3: 310-320 Doris, A.B., Wahle, K., MacDonald, A., Morris, S., Coffey, I., Muir, W., and Blackwood, D. (1998) Major author "Red cell membrane fatty acids, cytosolic phospholipase-A2 and schizophrenia" Schizophrenia Research, 31: 185-196 Millar, J.K., Brown, J., Maule, J.C., Shibasaki, Y., Christie, S., Lawson, D., Anderson, S., Wilson-Annan, J.C., Devon, R.S., St. Clair, D.M., Blackwood, D.H.R., Muir, W.J., and Porteous, D.J. (1998) Major author "A long-range restriction map across 3 Mb of the chromosome 11 breakpoint of a translocation linked to schizophrenia: Localisation of the breakpoint and the search for neighbouring genes." Psychiatric Genetics, 8: 175-182 Souery, D., Lipp, O., Serretti, A., Mahieu, B., Rivelli, S.K., Cavallini, C., Ackenheil, M., Adolfsson, R., Aschauer, H., Blackwood, D., Dam, H., Delcoigne, B., Demartelaer, V., Dikeos, D., Fuchshuber, S., Heiden, M., Jablensky, A., Jakovljevic, M., Kessing, L., Lerer B., Macedo, A., Mellerup, T., Milanova, V., Muir, W., Nylander, P.O., Oruc, L., Papadimitriou, G.N., Pekkarinen, P., Peltonen, L., Pinto De Azevedo, M.H., Pull, C., Shapira, R., Smeraldi, E., Staner, L., Stefanis, C., and Verga, M. (1998) Minor author "European collaborative project on affective disorders: interactions between genetic and psychosocial vulnerability factors" Minor author Psychiatric Genetics, 8: 197-205 Williams, J., Spurlock, G., Holmans, P., Mant, R., Murphy, K., Jones, L., Cardno, A., Asherson, P., Blackwood, D., Muir, W., Meszaros, K., Aschauer, H., Mallet, J., Laurent, C., Pekkarinen, P., Seppala, J., Stefanis, C.N., Papadimitriou, G.N., Macciardi, F., Verga, M., Pato, C., Azevedo, H., Crocq, M-A., Gurling, H., Kalsi, G., Curtis, D., McGuffin, P., and Owen, M.J. (1998) Minor author "A meta-analysis and transmission disequilibrium study of association between the dopamine D3 receptor gene and schizophrenia" Molecular Psychiatry, 3: 141-149 Vallada, H., Curtis, D., Sham, P., Kunugi, H., Zhao, J.H., Murray, R., McGuffin, P., Nanko, S., Owen, M., Gill, M., Collier, D.A., Antonarakis, S., Housman, D., Kazazian, H., Nestadt, G., Pulver, A.E., Straub, R.E., MacLean, C.J., Walsh, D., Kendler, K.S., DeLisi, L., Polymeropoulos, M., Coon, H., Byerley, W., Lofthouse, R., Gershon, E., Goldin, L., Freedman, R., Laurent, C., Bodeau-Pean, S., d'Amato, T., Jay, M., Campion, D., Mallet, J., Wildenauer, D.B., Lerer, B., Albus, M., Ackenheil, M., Ebstein, R.P., Hallmayer, J., Maier, W., Gurling, H., Curtis, D., Kalsi, G., Brynjolfsson, J., Sigmundson, T., Petursson, H., Blackwood D., Muir, W., St Clair, D., He, L., Maguire, S., Moises, H.W., Hwu, H.G., Yang, L., Wiese, C., Kristbjarnarson, H., Levinson, D.F., Mowry, B.J., Donis-Keller, H., Hayward, N.K., Crowe, R.R., Silverman, J.M., Nancarrow, D.J., Read, C.M. (1998) Minor author "A transmission disequilibrium and linkage analysis of D22S278 marker alleles in 574 families: further support for a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia at 22q12" Schizophrenia Research 32: 115-1211999Battersby, S., Ogilvie, A.D., Blackwood, D.H., Shen, S., Muqit, M.M., Muir, W.J., Teague P., Goodwin, G.M., and Harmar, A.J. (1999) Minor author "Presence of multiple functional polyadenylation signals and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the human serotonin transporter gene" Journal of Neurochemistry, 72: 1384-1388 Blackwood, D.H.R., Glabus, M.F., Dunan, J., O'Carroll, R.E., Muir, W.J., and Ebmeier, K.P. (1999) "Altered cerebral perfusion measured by SPET in relatives of schizophrenic patients: correlations with memory and P300" Major author British Journal of Psychiatry, 175: 357-366 Craddock, N., Lendon, C., Cichon, S., Culverhouse, R., Detera-Wadleigh, S., Devon, R., Faraone, S., Foroud, T., Gejman, P., Leonard, S., Mclnnis, M., Owen, M.J., Riley, B., Armstrong, C., Barden, N., van Broeckhoven, C., Ewald, H., Folstein, S., Gerhard, D., Goldman, D., Gurling, H., Kelsoe, J., Levinson, D., Muir, W., Philippe, A., Pulver, A., Wildenauer, D. (1999) Minor author "Chromosome Workshop: Chromosomes 11, 14, and 15" American Journal of Medical Genetics; Neuropsychiatric Genetics 88:244-254 Furlong, R.A., Rubinsztein, J.S., Ho L, Walsh, C., Coleman, T.A., Muir, W.J., Paykel, E.S., Blackwood, D.H.R., and Rubinsztein, D.C. (1999) Minor author "Analysis and meta-analysis of two polymorphisms within the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in bipolar and unipolar affective disorders" American Journal of Medical Genetics: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 88: 88-94 Hampson, R.M., Malloy, M.P., Mors, O., Ewald, H., Flannery, A.V., Morten, J., Porteous, D.J., Muir, W.J., and Blackwood, D.H.R. (1999) Major author "Mapping studies on a pericentric inversion (18) (p11.31 q21.1) in a family with both schizophrenia and learning disability" Psychiatric Genetics, 9: 161-163 Souery, D., Lipp, O, Mahieu, B., Rivelli, S.K., Massat, I., Seretti, A., Cavallini, C., Ackenheil, M., Adolfsson, R., Aschauer, H., Blackwood, D., Dam, H., Dikeos, D., Fuchshuber, S., Heiden, M., Jakovljevic, M., Kaneva, R., Kessing, L., Lerer, B., Lonnqvist, J., Mellerup, T., Milanova, V., Muir, W., Nylander, P.O., Oruc, L., Papadimitriou, G.N., Pekkarinen, P., Peltonen, L., Pull, C., Raeymaekers, P., Shapira, B., Smeraldi, E., Staner, L., Stefanis, C., Verga, M., Verheyen, G., Macciardi, F., Van Broeckhoven, C., and Mendelwicz, J. (1999) Minor author "Tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism and phenotypic heterogeneity in bipolar affective disorder: a multicenter association study" American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 88: 527-532 Visscher, P.M., Haley, C.S., Heath, S.C., Muir, W.J., and Blackwood, D.FI.R. (1999) Major author "Detecting QTLs for uni and bipolar disorder using a variance component method" Psychiatric Genetics, 9: 75-84.2000Serretti, A., Macciardi, F., Cusin, C., Lattuada, E., Souery, D., Lipp, O., Mahieu, B., Van Broeckhoven, C., Blackwood, D., Muir, W„, Aschauer, H.N., Heiden, A.M., Ackenheil, M., Fuchshuber, S., Raeymaekers, P., Verheyen, G., Kaneva, R., Jablensky, A., Papadimitriou, G.N., Dikeos, D.G., Stefanis, C.N., Smeraldi, E., and Mendlewicz, J. (2000) Minor author "Linkage of mood disorders with D2, D3 and TH genes: a multicenter study" Journal of Affective Disorders 58: 51-612001Borglum, A.D., Hampson, M., Kjeldsen, T.E., Muir, W., Murray, V., Ewald, H., Mors, O., Blackwood, D., and Kruse, T.A. (2001) Minor author "Dopa decarboxylase genotypes may influence age at onset in schizophrenia" Molecular Psychiatry, 6: 712-717 Devon, R.S., Anderson, S., Teague, P.W., Muir, W.J., Murray, V., Pelosi A.J., Blackwood, D.H.R and Porteous, D.J. (2001a) Minor author "The genomic organisation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 gene and its association with schizophrenia" Molecular Psychiatry 6: 311-314 Devon, R.S., Anderson, S., Teague, P.W., Burgess, P., Kipari, T.M.J., Semple, C.A.M., Millar, J.K., Muir, W.J., Murray, V., Pelosi, A.J., Blackwood, D.H.R., and Porteous, D.J. (2001b) Minor author "Identification of polymorphisms within disrupted in schizophrenia 1 and disrupted in schizophrenia 2, and an investigation of their association with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder" Psychiatric Genetics, 11: 71-78 Evans, K.L., Le Hellard, S., Morris, S.W., Lawson, D., Whitton, C., Semple, C.A.M., Fantes, J.A., Malloy, M.P., Maule, J.C., Humphray, S.J., Ross, M.T., Bentley, D.R., Muir, W.J., Blackwood, D.H.R., and Porteous, D.J. (2001) Major author "A 6Mb high-resolution BAC/PAC contig of human 4p15.3-16.1, a candidate region for bipolar affective disorder" Genomics 71: 315-323 Millar, J.K., Christie, S., Anderson, S., Lawson, D., Loh, D. H-W., Devon, R.S., Arveiler, B., Muir, W.J., Blackwood, D.H.R., and Porteous, D.J. (2001) Minor author "Genomic structure and localisation within a linkage hotspot of Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1, a gene disrupted by a translocation segregating with schizophrenia" Molecular Psychiatry 6: 173-178 Muir, W.J., Thomson, M.L., McKeon P, Mynett-Johnson L, Evans, K.L., Porteous DJ and Blackwood, D.H.R. (2001) Major author "Markers close to the dopamine D5 receptor gene (DRD5) show significant association with schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder." American Journal of Medical Genetics 105:152-158 Lerer, B., Macciardi, F., Segman, R.H., Adolfsson, R., Blackwood, D., Blairy, S., Del Favero, J., Dikeos, D.G., Kaneva, R., Lilli, R., Massat, I., Milanova, V., Muir, W., Noethen, M., Oruc, L., Petrova, T., Papadimitriou, G.N., Rietschel, M., Serretti, A., Souery, D., Van Gestel, S., Van Broeckhoven, C., and Menlewicz, J. (2001) Minor author "Variability of 5-FIT2C receptor cys23ser polymorphism among European populations and vulnerability to affective disorder" Molecular Psychiatry, 6: 579-585 Souery, D., Van Gestel, S., Massa
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