3,931 research outputs found
Colourings of (k-r,k)-trees
No full textTrees are generalized to a special kind of higher dimensional complexes known as -trees ([L. W. Beineke, R. E. Pippert, On the structure of -trees, Proc. 8th S-E Conf. Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Computing, 1977, 75-80]), and which are a natural extension of -trees for . The aim of this paper is to study-trees ([H. P. Patil, Studies on -trees and some related topics, PhD Thesis, University of Warsaw, Poland, 1984]), which are a generalization of -trees (or usual trees when ). We obtain the chromatic polynomial of -trees and show that any two -trees of the same order are chromatically equivalent. However, if in any -tree , then it is shown that there exists another chromatically equivalent graph , which is not a -tree. Further, the vertex-partition number and generalized total colourings of -trees are obtained. We formulate a conjecture about the chromatic index of -trees, and verify this conjecture in a number of cases. Finally, we obtain a result of [M. Borowiecki, W. Chojnacki, Chromatic index of -trees, Discuss. Math. 9 (1988), 55-58] as a corollary in which -trees of Class 2 are characterized
On the Cohen–Macaulayness of some graded rings
No full textLet (R,m) be a 1-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring of multiplicity e and embedding dimension v ≥2 . Let B denote the blowing-up of R along m and let I be the conductor of R in B. Let x be a superficial element in m of degree 1 and I' = (I +xR)/xR . We assume that the length l(I') = 1 . This class of local rings contains the class of 1-dimensional Gorenstein local rings . In section 1, we prove that if the associated graded ring G = gr(R) is Cohen-Macaulay, then I is contained in m^s + xR , where s is the degree of the h-polynomial h(R) of R. In section 2, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Cohen-Macaulayness of G.
These conditions are numerical conditions on the h-polynomial h(R) , particularly on its coefficients and the degree in comparison with the difference e − v . In section 3, we give some conditions for the Gorensteinness of G. In section 4, we give a characterisation (see 4.3) of numerical semigroup rings which satisfy the condition l(I') =
FIGURE 1 in Nomenclature history and typification of Phacelurus speciosus (Poaceae) with a new synonym
No full textFIGURE 1. Phacelurus speciosus (A) Part of raceme (B) & (D) Pair of spikelet (C) Pedicelled spikelet, (E) Lower glume of sessile spikelet, (F) Lower lemma of sessile spikelet (G) Upper floret (H) Pistil & stamens.Published as part of Chorghe, Alok R. & Patil, Sameer C., 2021, Nomenclature history and typification of Phacelurus speciosus (Poaceae) with a new synonym, pp. 209-214 in Phytotaxa 527 (3) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.527.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/575140
The diversity of young adult wheeze: a cluster analysis in a longitudinal birth cohort
No full textBACKGROUND: Cluster analyses have enhanced understanding of the heterogeneity of both paediatric and adult wheezing. However, while adolescence represents an important transitional phase, the nature of young adult wheeze has yet to be clearly characterised.OBJECTIVES: To use cluster analysis to define, for the first time, clinically relevant young adult wheeze clusters in a longitudinal birth cohort.METHODS: K-means cluster analysis was undertaken among 309 currently wheezing subjects at 18 years in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (N = 1456). Thirteen disease-characterising clustering variables at 18 years were used. Resulting clusters were then further characterised by severity indices plus potential risk factors for wheeze development throughout the 1st 18 years of life.RESULTS: Six wheeze clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (12.3%) male-early-childhood-onset-atopic-wheeze-with-normal-lung-function had male predominance, normal spirometry, low bronchodilator reversibility (BDR), intermediate bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), high atopy prevalence and more admissions. Cluster 2 (24.2%) early-childhood-onset-wheeze-with-intermediate-lung-function had no specific sex association, intermediate spirometry, BDR, BHR, more significant BTS step therapy and admissions. Cluster 3 (9.7%) female-early-childhood-onset-atopic-wheeze-with-impaired-lung-function showed female predominance, high allergic disease comorbidity, more severe BDR and BHR, greatest airflow obstruction, high smoking prevalence, higher symptom severity and admissions. Cluster 4 (19.4%) female-undiagnosed-wheezers had adolescent-onset non-atopic wheeze, low BDR and BHR, impaired but non-obstructed spirometry, high symptom frequency and highest smoking prevalence. Cluster 5 (24.6%) female-late-childhood-onset-wheeze-with-normal-lung-function showed no specific atopy association, normal spirometry, low BDR, BHR and symptom severity. Cluster 6 (9.7%) male-late-childhood-onset-atopic-wheeze-with-impaired-lung-function had high atopy and rhinitis prevalence, increased BDR and BHR, moderately impaired spirometry, high symptom severity and higher BTS step therapy.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Young adult wheeze is diverse and can be classified into distinct clusters. More severe clusters merit attention and are associated with childhood onset, atopy, impaired lung function and in some, smoking. Smoking-associated undiagnosed wheezers also merit recognition. Better understanding of young adult wheeze could facilitate better later adult respiratory health.</p
Influence of geometric parameters on 3D periodic lattice effective properties
No full textLattice materials are generated by tessellating a unit cell, composed of a specific truss configurations, in an infinite periodicity to combine the effect of bulk material properties and geometric periodicity. They offer enhanced mechanical and dynamic properties per unit mass, and the ability to engineer the material response by optimizing the unit cell. Characterizing lattice properties through experiments can be a time consuming and costly process, so analytical and numerical methods are crucial. Specifically, the Bloch-wave homogenization approach allows one to characterize the effective static properties of the lattice unit cell while simultaneously analyzing wave propagation properties. While this analysis has been used for some time, a thorough study of this approach on 3D lattice materials with different symmetries and geometries is presented here. Using Bloch-wave homogenization, multiple periodic lattices with cubic, transversely isotropic, and tetragonal symmetry, including an auxetic geometry, over a wide range of relative densities are analyzed within a finite element framework. The effect of geometric parameters on lattice properties is discussed and a comparison between lattices based on their anisotropy index is presented. Method studied in this thesis can be extended for designing multifunctional metamaterials with optimized static and dynamic properties simultaneously. This work can also serve as the basis for nondestructive evaluation of metamaterials properties using ultrasonic velocity measurements.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Ganesh Patil, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-24 at 19:00.The student, Ganesh Patil, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-04-24 at 19:11.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-04-25 at 12:03.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13897 on 2019-08-22 at 15:08:33Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:36:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Easily Available Niobium(V) Mixed Chloro-Alkoxide Complexes as Catalytic Precursors for Ethylene Polymerization
No full textThe dinuclear [NbCln(OR)(5-n)]2 complexes (n = 4, R = Et, 1; n = 4, R = CH2Ph, 2; n = 3, R = Et, 3; n = 2, R = Et, 4; n = 2, R = , 5), and [Nb(OEt)5]2, 6, and the mononuclear Nb compds. NbCl4[.kappa.2-OCH2CH(R')OR] (R = Me, R' = H, 7; R = Et, R' = H, 8; R = CH2Cl, R' = H, 9; R = CH2CH2OMe, R' = H, 10; R = R' = Me, 11), NbBr4[.kappa.2-OCH2CH2OMe], 12, and NbCl3(.kappa.2-OCH2CH2OMe)(.kappa.1-OCH2CH2OMe), 13, were tested in ethylene polymn. Optimized reaction conditions included the use of D-MAO as co-catalyst and chlorobenzene as solvent at 50. Complex 7, whose x-ray structure is described here for the first time, exhibited the highest activity ever reported for a Nb catalyst in alkene polymn. [151 kg polymer molNb-1 h-1 bar-1]. Compds. 1, 3-5, 8, 13 showed activities similar to that of 7. Linear polyethylenes (characterized by FTIR, NMR, GPC, and DSC analyses) with a broad polydispersivity were obtained
Dose-dependent effect of cordycepin on viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and migration in dental pulp stem cells
No full textObjective: To examine the effect of Cordycepin on the viability, proliferation, and migratory properties of dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and methods: The pulp was derived from human premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes after obtaining informed consent. The samples were transferred to the laboratory for processing. DPSCs were expanded and characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation to the bone, adipose, and cartilage cells was examined. MTT Assay was performed using various concentrations of Cordycepin. The growth curve was plotted for 13 days. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Migratory ability was assessed by wound healing assay. ROS generation was detected by flow cytometry. Gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed. p < 0.05 was considered as significant and p < 0.01 was considered as highly significant (* p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01). Results: DPSCs expressed characteristic MSC-specific markers and trilineage differentiation. Cordycepin at lower concentrations did not affect the viability of DPSCs. The growth curve of cells showed a dose-dependent increase in cell numbers till the maximum dose. DPSCs treated with 2.5 μM Cordycepin was found to have a reduced G1 phase cell percentage. DPSCs treated with 2.5 μM and 5 μM Cordycepin showed a significant decrease in G2 phase cells. No significant difference was observed for S phase cells. Cordycepin treatment affected the migratory ability in DPSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: Cordycepin can be used at therapeutic doses to maintain stem cells
Glucose and serum deprivation led to altered proliferation, differentiation potential and AMPK activation in stem cells from human deciduous tooth
No full textStem cell therapy is an evolving treatment strategy in regenerative medicine. Recent studies report stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth could complement the traditional mes-enchymal stem cell sources. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth exhibit mesenchymal characteristics with multilineage differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells are widely investigated for cell therapy and disease modeling. Although many research are being conducted to address the challenges of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in clinics, most of the studies are still in infancy. Host cell microenvironment is one of the major factors affecting the homing of transplanted stem cell and understanding the factors affecting the fate of stem cells of prime important. In this study we aimed to understand the effects of serum deprivation in stem cells derived from human deciduous tooth. Our study aimed to understand the morphological, transcriptional, cell cycle and stemness based changes of stem cells in nutrient deprived medium. Our results suggest that stem cells in nutrient deprived media undergo low proliferation, high apoptosis and changed the differentiation potential of the stem cells. Serum deprived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited enhanced chondrogenic differentiation potential and reduced osteogenic differentiation potential. Moreover, the activation of key metabolic sensor AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) leads to activation of transcription factors such as FOXO3, which leads to an S phase quiescence. Serum deprivation also enhanced the expression of stemness related genes Sox2 and c-Myc
Adipogenic stimulation and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate induced osteogenic inhibition of dental pulp stem cells is countered by cordycepin
No full textBackground: dental pulp-derived stem cells are easy to access and collect and are an excellent source of stem cells for regenerative therapy. These cells can interact with many biomolecules and scaffolds and can pass on the instructive signals to the sites of regeneration where they are used. In this regard cordycepin, a potential biomolecule derived from medicinal mushrooms with a spectrum of bioactive properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer has not yet been tested for its effect on human dental pulp stem cells. Objective: the objective of the present study was to assess the in vitro adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells with or without induction after administration of cordycepin. Materials and methods: human dental pulp stem cells DPSCs were isolated from a healthy permanent tooth extracted for orthodontic purposes after obtaining informed consent. Flow cytometry technique was used to assess the surface markers of these cells such as CD73, CD90, and CD105, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. Further, an MTT assay was performed on the cells after subjecting them to various concentrations of cordycepin. Following this, the adipogenic and osteogenic potential of the dental pulp stem cells was assessed with or without induction under the influence/absence of 5 μM of cordycepin. The results obtained were statistically analyzed and documented. Results: it was found that the dental pulp stem cells showed strong positive expression for CD73, CD90, and CD105 and faint expression of CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. MTT assay revealed that 5 μM was the optimum concentration of cordycepin for all the assays. Concerning adipogenesis experiments, there was a statistically significant lowering of all the 4 adipogenesis-related genes PPARγ, FABP4, LPL, and C/EBPα following cordycepin treatment in the presence of induction compared to the only induction group and untreated control cells (p < 0.05). In connection with osteogenesis, was found that there was a statistically significant increase in the expression of RUNX2, COL1A1, OSX and OCN genes along with the increase in alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining in the DPSC treated with cordycepin along with the presence of induction and simultaneous addition of PDTC compared to the control untreated cells and cells treated with induction and simultaneous addition of PDTC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: cordycepin can be exploited for its osteopromotive properties and can be used as a bioactive molecule alongside the administration of dental pulp stem cells in the area of regenerative biology and medicine
Past and current perspective on new therapeutic targets for Type-II diabetes
No full textPradip D Patil,1,* Umesh B Mahajan,1,* Kalpesh R Patil,2,* Sandip Chaudhari,1 Chandragouda R Patil,1 Yogeeta O Agrawal,3 Shreesh Ojha,4 Sameer N Goyal11Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2Department of Pharmacology, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India; 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE *These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Loss of pancreatic β-cell function is a hallmark of Type-II diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action. Recently, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study reported that Type-II DM is a progressive disorder. Although, DM can be treated initially by monotherapy with oral agent; eventually, it may require multiple drugs. Additionally, insulin therapy is needed in many patients to achieve glycemic control. Pharmacological approaches are unsatisfactory in improving the consequences of insulin resistance. Single therapeutic approach in the treatment of Type-II DM is unsuccessful and usually a combination therapy is adopted. Increased understanding of biochemical, cellular and pathological alterations in Type-II DM has provided new insight in the management of Type-II DM. Knowledge of underlying mechanisms of Type-II DM development is essential for the exploration of novel therapeutic targets. Present review provides an insight into therapeutic targets of Type-II DM and their role in the development of insulin resistance. An overview of important signaling pathways and mechanisms in Type-II DM is provided for the better understanding of disease pathology. This review includes case studies of drugs that are withdrawn from the market. The experience gathered from previous studies and knowledge of Type-II DM pathways can guide the anti-diabetic drug development toward the discovery of clinically viable drugs that are useful in Type-II DM.Keywords: Type-II diabetes mellitus, therapeutic targets, discontinued drugs, insulin resistanc
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