30 research outputs found
Alojz Gradnik, a Poet and Translator at the Linguistic, Cultural and Ideological Crossroads
No full textIn the article I shall, on the example of the European poet and translator Alojz Gradnik (1882–1967), shed light on the impact of multiculturalism, multilingualism and ideological dichotomy on literary production and literary reception. Gradnik himself was in fact multicultural and multilingual, which was, however, unacceptable in his lifetime due to the specific social and political context. Gradnik thus gave up the multicultural and multilingual dimension. But due to this very element that he had denied himself, he was split within himself, which was reflected in his literary production; that is, in his poetry as well as in his translations of literary works. On the other hand, the image of Gradnik as a multicultural and multilingual author was exploited by the European totalitarianisms, therefore Gradnik as an author suffered a paradoxical fate
Alojz Gradnik in Heinrich Mann
No full textČlanek uvodoma začrta recepcijo nemškega pisatelja Heinricha Manna na Slovenskem v prvi polovici 20. stoletja, v nadaljevanju pa se osredotoči na specifično, produktivno recepcijo slovenskega pesnika Alojza Gradnika, ki je opazna v relaciji z romanom Zwischen den Rassen in sonetom Vprašanje.The article first outlines the reception of the German author Heinrich Mann in the Slovene lands in the fitst half of the 20th century, and in the proceeding focuses on the specific, productive, reception of the Slovene poet Alojz Gradnik that is evident in the relationship between the novel Zwischen den Rassen and the sonnet Vprašanje (Question)
Nicorandil, a new vasodilator drug, in patients with essential hypertension
No full textIn 12 mild to moderate hypertensive patients we investigated the acute antihypertensive efficacy of three different doses of nicorandil, a new vasodilating agent which probably acts by increasing the potassium efflux from smooth muscle cells and causing a cellular hyperpolarization. After a 3-day placebo period the patients were given, according to a double-blind Latin-square randomized design, 10, 20 and 30 mg nicorandil as a single acute dose every other day. Blood pressure and the heart rate were measured in both supine and upright positions at various times for 24 h after the dosing; fractional urine collections were obtained at the end of the placebo period and after each active dose. All doses of nicorandil similarly and significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced supine blood pressure, with a peak after 4-6 h (10 mg: -21/-8 mmHg; 20 mg: -20/-9 mmHg; 30 mg: -29/-17 mmHg), and the effect was still present, though reduced, after 24 h; no change in the heart rate was observed. The results from the upright position were similar. There were no significant changes in urine volume and electrolyte excretion during the nicorandil administration. The three different doses of nicorandil caused similar acute blood pressure reductions without change in the heart rate, nor in the urine volume and urinary sodium
Nicorandil, a new vasodilator drug, in patients with essential hypertension
No full textIn 12 mild to moderate hypertensive patients we investigated the acute antihypertensive efficacy of three different doses of nicorandil, a new vasodilating agent which probably acts by increasing the potassium efflux from smooth muscle cells and causing a cellular hyperpolarization. After a 3-day placebo period the patients were given, according to a double-blind Latin-square randomized design, 10, 20 and 30 mg nicorandil as a single acute dose every other day. Blood pressure and the heart rate were measured in both supine and upright positions at various times for 24 h after the dosing; fractional urine collections were obtained at the end of the placebo period and after each active dose. All doses of nicorandil similarly and significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced supine blood pressure, with a peak after 4-6 h (10 mg: -21/-8 mmHg; 20 mg: -20/-9 mmHg; 30 mg: -29/-17 mmHg), and the effect was still present, though reduced, after 24 h; no change in the heart rate was observed. The results from the upright position were similar. There were no significant changes in urine volume and electrolyte excretion during the nicorandil administration. The three different doses of nicorandil caused similar acute blood pressure reductions without change in the heart rate, nor in the urine volume and urinary sodium
Comparison of bisoprolol and diazepam in the treatment of cardiac neurosis
No full textIn order to compare the beta blockers bisoprolol and diazepam in the treatment of cardiac neurosis, 40 patients (16 males and 24 females, mean age: 39 +/- 11 years) were examined in a double-blind, crossover study. Following a 4-week placebo period, patients were randomized to receive either bisoprolol 10 mg daily or diazepam 5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. After a second 4-week washout period on placebo, patients were switched to the alternative regimen for a further 4 weeks. At the end of the placebo periods and during each phase of treatment, the following parameters were evaluated: somatic symptoms by self-assessment questionnaire, anxiety state by Hamilton rating scale, reaction time to both acoustic and visual stimuli, blood pressure, and heart rate. Both treatments were effective in reducing somatic symptoms of cardiac neurosis, but bisoprolol was significantly more effective than diazepam (p less than 0.01). On the contrary, diazepam was superior to bisoprolol in improving the Hamilton scale related to psychic symptoms. Only diazepam prolonged reaction times. Both treatments were well tolerated; however, 12 patients complained of drowsiness and nine of sedation under diazepam. In conclusion, bisoprolol appeared to be as effective as diazepam in the treatment of cardiac neurosis, but with better effects on somatic symptoms and without affecting patients' psychomotor performanc
Effects of different sodium intakes on the antihypertensive and renal effects of single oral doses of nifedipine in hypertensive patients
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the antihypertensive and renal effects of Ca2+ antagonists are related to the sodium state of the patients. For this purpose, in a group of 11 patients with essential hypertension we have compared the blood pressure lowering effects of a single oral dose of nifedipine before (100 mmol Na+/day and 40 mmol K+/day) and after sodium depletion (20 mmol Na+/day and 40 mmol K+/day: each period was of 6-8 day duration). During the normal sodium diet nifedipine significantly lowered supine blood pressure (from 185 +/- 13/107 +/- 7 to 161 +/- 13/100 +/- 7 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and induced a significant rise in Na+ excretion (from 52 +/- 10 to 94 +/- 13 mmol/6 h) and in urine volume (from 520 +/- 80 to 947 +/- 120 ml/6 h; p less than 0.01). Sodium depletion significantly lowered supine blood pressure (152 +/- 12/95 +/- 9 mm Hg, p less than 0.001); nifedipine caused a further and significant blood pressure reduction (142 +/- 11/90 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), but only a minor and not significant increase in sodium excretion (from 10 +/- 2 to 22 +/- 5 mmol/6 h) and urine volume (from 338 +/- 76 to 463 +/- 94 ml/6 h). Our data suggest that the natriuretic action of calcium antagonists is not relevant to their antihypertensive effect
Slovene-Friulian-Italian Literary Connections at the Beginning of the 20th Century: The Case of Alojz Gradnik and Select Friulian and Italian author
No full textBased on the case of Alojz Gradnik (1882–1967), this article deals with previously unresearched Slovene-Friulian-Italian literary connections that occurred during the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the first years after WWI along the border of today’s Slovenia (Goriška Brda) and Italy (the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia: the Provinces of Gorizia, Udine and Trieste). The article highlights the parallels in motifs, themes, ideas and form, as well as the connections between Alojz Gradnik and select Friulian and Italian authors from this region. These links are the consequence of living in a joint cultural space and Gradnik’s Friulian family ties, especially with his cousin Maria Samer. The research uncovers certain differences in motifs, themes and ideas stemming from different national identities. Gradnik’s poetry is closest to Friulian lyrical poetry in their descriptions and experiences of a rural setting, predominantly the deep bond felt between the farming people and native land coupled with their terrible social strife. Gradnik and his contemporary Friulian authors also coincide in works with a nationalist theme – on the threshold of WWI both Slovene and Friulian authors infused their work with their personal vision for the future of their own community. They shared a negative literary depiction of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the wish to secure a better economic future, to protect and solidify their cultural heritage. Gradnik’s poetry and that of the contemporary Italian (irredentist) authors share a similar literary technique that depicted the national identities of today’s border between Italy and Sloveniathey were ideologically opposed however: while the Italians depicted the Italian view of the region, Gradnik highlights the presence of a Slavic element within the regio
Antihypertensive and water and sodium balance effects of felodipine, a new vasodilating calcium antagonist, in hypertensive patients
No full textFelodipine, a new dihydropyridine derivative with a selective action on vascular smooth muscle, was investigated in 2 short term studies in hypertensive patients. In the first study, oral administration of felodipine 12.5 mg three times daily in a preliminary tablet formulation for 3 days significantly reduced supine and upright blood pressure with only a slight increase in heart rate and no clinically relevant signs of sodium and water retention. By increasing each dose to 25 and 50 mg three times daily, there was a further, but quite moderate, decrease in blood pressure; however, this was accompanied by an increase in heart rate and a tendency towards a reduction of creatinine clearance and urinary sodium output. In the second study, a new oral formulation containing 10 mg felodipine, administered twice daily for 7 days, was effective in lowering blood pressure without a clinically relevant tachycardia. Following the first dose of felodipine, urinary sodium excretion was slightly increased while potassium excretion showed only minor changes. The new calcium antagonist, felodipine, lowers blood pressure without the clinically relevant adverse reactions commonly related to other direct vasodilator antihypertensive drugs
Death and pain in poetry of Alojz Gradnik
No full textSmrt in bolečina sta poglavitni besedi, ki ju skozi diplomsko delo največkrat omenimo. Zakaj je ravno smrt tista vodilna beseda Gradnikove lirike? In zakaj je bolečina, katere pravi izraz pesnik neomahljivo išče, tako neizpodbitni del njega, da se šele skoznjo ovrednotijo Gradnikova najpomembnejša dela? Kljub splošni opredelitvi, da Alojz Gradnik velja za izrazito pesimističnega pesnika, pa sama menim, da ga pesimizem ne opredeljuje do te mere, da bi bil poznan zgolj po njem ali vsaj ne v prvi vrsti. Njegova smrt in njegova bolečina sta prepredeni v celoto nežnih, niansiranih in barvitih besed, ki te ganejo od znotraj. Kakor ladja te zanese njegova poezija, ki je melanholična, kajti neizživeta mladost ostaja v preteklosti, a ne tone v pozaboki je neutrudljivo boleča, kajti bolečine se ne vidi koncain je globoka, kajti resnično prihaja iz globočin ranjenega srca. Zato je poezija težka in za vrednotenje potrebuje dovzetnega bralca, ki v bolečini ne kloni, ampak jo sprejme, in ki sam razume življenje kakor pot, na kateri je vsak dan vedno znova in znova za vselej izgubljen, zato pa končni cilj poti toliko bolj mističen. Prepričana sem, da je poezija Alojza Gradnika daleč od tega, da bi jo vrednotili zgolj s pesimizmom, pa vendar brez pesimizma ne bi bila, kar je – lepota.The key words mentioned most frequently throughout the relevant thesis, are death and pain. But why exactly is death the ultimate keyword of Gradnik’s poetry? And why is pain such an integral element of the author and his effort to find an adequate expression, that his most important works can only be assessed through this central concept? Despite the predominant perception of Alojz Gradnik being a distinctly pessimistic poet, I personally believe that this pessimism does not determine him to such extend, that his work would be known exclusively or even predominantly for its pronounced pessimism. His death and his paint are interwoven with the totality of gentle, colorful and nuanced words, which touch you from within. Like a ship his poetry takes you on a journey through its melancholy, as the unfulfilled youth remains in the past, yet does not fade into obscurityit is relentlessly painful, as it cannot be recognized till the endand it is deeply felt, as it truly arises from the depths of a wounded heart. And it is for this reason why poetry is difficult and why it requires a perceptive reader, who does not surrender to the pain but rather embraces it, because they understand life as a journey, on which each day is repeatedly lost for ever, thus making the final destination all the more mystical. This leads me to believe that the integral pessimism of Alojz Gradnik’s poetry by far is not the only alternative to describe it, as without it, it would not be what it is – beautiful
Bisoprolol in the treatment of angina pectoris: A double blind comparison with verapamil
No full textIn order to verify the anti-ischaemic effect of a new beta-blocking agent, bisoprolol, a double blind parallel groups trial was carried out in comparison with verapamil. 26 patients with a history of spontaneous and/or effort angina were studied. After a two-week treatment with placebo, they were randomized in two groups. One group was treated for 4 weeks wsith bisoprolol 10 mg o.d. and for the following 4 weeks with bisoprolol 20 mg o.d. The other group received verapamil 80 mg t.i.d. for the first 4 weeks and 120 mg t.i.d. for the remaining 4 weeks. Throughout the study isosorbide dinitrate 20 mg b.i.d. was administered and sublingual nitroglycerin was allowed when necessary. 21 patients completed the study. Both bisoprolol and verapamil significantly reduced the number of angina episodes and nitroglycerin tablets consumption, as well as ischaemic episodes recorded on Holter ECG. The total number and severity of ectopic ventricular beats were reduced too. On multistage treadmill exercise test, both drugs increased effort time and time to ST depression = 1 mm, and reduced ST depression and double-product. The effect of bisoprolol on double product was greater than that of verapamil because of the better control of heart rate. The relationship ST/double product suggested that beta-blockers act essentially through the reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption and verapamil possibly with an additive effect on coronary circulation. Radionuclide ventriculography showed no deterioration of rest ventricular function with both drugs. In conclusion, bisoprolol and verapamil showed a satisfactory anti-ischaemic effect, with good tolerability
