166 research outputs found
Glass transition temperature of water confined in lipid membranes as determined by anelastic spectroscopy
No full textThe research of gene delivery vehicles used in gene therapy is focused on nonviral vectors like lipid membranes. Such vectors, nonimmunogenic and biodegradable, are formed by complexation of DNA with a mixture of cationic lipids and a neutral colipid which improve the transfection efficiency. A main topic related to lipid membrane dynamics is their capability to spontaneously confine water. At present the value of the glass transition temperature (Tg) is largely debated and determined only by some indirect methods. Here the authors show that anelastic spectroscopy allows the confined water Tg value to be directly identified in several lipid mixtures
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Nudges-Based Design Method for Adaptive HMI to Improve Driving Safety
No full textThis study introduces a new operational tool based on the AEIOU observational framework to support the design of adaptive human machine interfaces (HMIs) that aim to modify people’s behavior and support people’s choices, to improve safety using emotional regulation techniques, through the management of environmental characteristics (e.g., temperature and illumination), according to an approach based on the nudging concept within a design thinking process. The proposed approach focuses on research in the field of behavioral psychology that has studied the correlations between human emotions and driving behavior, pushing towards the elicitation of those emotions judged to be most suitable for safe driving. The main objective is to support the ideation of scenarios and/or design features for adaptive HMIs to implement a nudging strategy to increase driving safety. At the end, the results from a collaborative workshop, organized as a case study to collect concept ideas in the context of sports cars, will be shown and evaluated to highlight the validity of the proposed methodology, but also the limitations due to the requirement of prototypes to evaluate the actual effectiveness of the presented nudging strategies
Synthesis of scheelite nanoparticles by mechanically assisted solid-state reaction of wolframite and calcium carbonate
No full textNanostructured scheelite (CaWO4) was synthesized by calcination in air of enriched wolframite (Fe1-xMnxWO4) ore and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The effects of process parameters such as milling conditions of the solid reactants, calcination in flowing or static air, and use of stoichiometric excess of calcium carbonate on wolframite conversion into scheelite were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG SEM). The intimate mixing and associated decrease in the diffusion path by high-energy planetary ball milling (PBM) were responsible for the conversion of most of wolframite into nanostructured scheelite after 2 h at 600 °C, with no need of calcium carbonate stoichiometric excess. Complete conversion of PBM wolframite:CaCO3 mixtures into nanosized scheelite, iron oxide and carbon dioxide was accomplished after 2 h at 700 °C. The nanostructured scheelite obtained from wolframite is expected to be significantly more reactive in subsequent treatments (e.g., leaching) for tungsten extraction
Nudges-Based Design Method for Adaptive HMI to Improve Driving Safety
No full textThis study introduces a new operational tool based on the AEIOU observational framework to support the design of adaptive human machine interfaces (HMIs) that aim to modify people’s behavior and support people’s choices, to improve safety using emotional regulation techniques, through the management of environmental characteristics (e.g., temperature and illumination), according to an approach based on the nudging concept within a design thinking process. The proposed approach focuses on research in the field of behavioral psychology that has studied the correlations between human emotions and driving behavior, pushing towards the elicitation of those emotions judged to be most suitable for safe driving. The main objective is to support the ideation of scenarios and/or design features for adaptive HMIs to implement a nudging strategy to increase driving safety. At the end, the results from a collaborative workshop, organized as a case study to collect concept ideas in the context of sports cars, will be shown and evaluated to highlight the validity of the proposed methodology, but also the limitations due to the requirement of prototypes to evaluate the actual effectiveness of the presented nudging strategies
A Multimodal Approach to Understand Driver’s Distraction for DMS
No full textThis study introduces a multimodal approach for enhancing the accuracy of Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) in detecting driver distraction. By integrating data from vehicle control units with vision-based information, the research aims to address the limitations of current DMS. The experimental setup involves a driving simulator and advanced computer vision, deep learning technologies for facial expression recognition, and head rotation analysis. The findings suggest that combining various data types—behavioral, physiological, and emotional—can significantly improve DMS’s predictive capability. This research contributes to the development of more sophisticated, adaptive, and real-time systems for improving driver safety and advancing autonomous driving technologies
Structural/morphological monitoring approach to stability and durability issues of photoactive films for organic solar cells
No full textHere we report on the effect of light on surface and bulk morphology, structural and optical properties of polymer/fullerene blends used for organic solar cells. The crystallization kinetics of the organic film molecules was followed in real time during illumination, by time-resolved X-ray diffraction, applied in-situ, jointly with atomic force microscopy. The occurrence of possible phase separation of the two components was detected. This latter hypothesis was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy experiments. As a result of such cross monitoring, a comprehensive picture of the chemical/physical process concurring to the devices photo-active layers aging was gained. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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