236 research outputs found
Bipolaris sivanesaniana Y. P. Tan & R. G. Shivas
No full textBipolaris sivanesaniana Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas, in Tan, Crous & Shivas, Mycol. Progr. 15 (10): 1210 (2016) Index Fungorum registration number: 817468 Colonies on PDA covered the entire 9 cm plate in 10 days at 28–30 0 C, grey-black floccose, reverse black, irregular, margin undulate, exudates present, appearance velvety, dull, umbonate (Figure 3d, e). Conidiophore 600–800 μm (x̄=752) in length and 4–6 μm (x̄=5.2) in width, subhyaline, pseudo septate, branched, basal cell swollen and darker. Conidia 14–15.5 μm (x̄=14.7) ellipsoid, obclavate or slightly curved, hyaline arranged on rachis, distinct conidiogenous nodes (Figure 3f.). Notes: The isolate (MZ277275) from Oryza sativa showed 100% similarity to KU715234 (identity: 566/566, gaps: 0/566).Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/588636
Impact of insects and fungi on doublegee (Emex australis) in the Western Australian wheatbelt
No full textBiotic influences on doublegee(Emex australis Steinheil) seed production wereinvestigated as a precursor to the introduction of new insect biologicalcontrol agents for this weed, and to investigate the cause of doublegeedecline in the northern and central wheatbelt of Western Australia since 1990.The symptoms of the decline are doublegee plants of reduced size withdistorted leaves, collapsed stems, and smaller achenes(the spiny seed-bearing fruit) that crumble when mature.Three sites were investigated in 1992 by surveys for insects and fungi, andinsect and fungus exclusion experiments.
Emex stem blight (Phomopsis emicis R. G. Shivas) waspresent at the 3 study sites. The Watheroo site had comparatively high levelsof dock aphids (Brachycaudus rumexicolens Patch) ondoublegee plants, the Badgingarra site had a comparatively high density ofdock sawfly (Lophyrotoma analis Costa) on doublegee, andvery few insects were present on doublegee at the Wongan Hills site. Viruseswere not detected in samples of plants showing the effects of decline.
The exclusion experiment showed a significant effect of removing insects andfungi on achene dry weight at the Watheroo site. There was no treatment effectat the Badgingarra and Wongan Hills sites. The biology of the fungus and theaphid lead to the conclusion that the primary cause of doublegee decline isthe dock aphid. This indicates that biological control againstE. australis might be achieved by using insects thatindirectly affect seed quality
Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous, R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous sp. nov.
No full textCrous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, Ž, Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R., Morozova, O.V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C.A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R.G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D.V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A.V., Altés, A., Amaral, A.G.G., Angelini, C., Antonín, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Bañares, A., Barreto, R.W., Baseia, I.G., Bellanger, J.-M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A. Yu., Bukharova, N.V., Burgess, T.I., Cabero, J., Câmara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Ceryngier, P., Chávez, R., Cowan, D.A., de Lima, A.F., Oliveira, R.L., Denman, S., Dang, Q.N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I.G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R.J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A.D.W., Gil-Durán, C., Glässnerová, K., Glushakova, A.M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F.E., Guarnizo, A.L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R.E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V.A., Ivanova, D.D., Ivanushkina, N.E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A.V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I.Y., Knapp, D.G., Kochkina, G.A., Koukol, O., Kovács, G.M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T.K.A., Kušan, I., Læssøe, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levicán, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lukina, E.G., Magaña-Dueñas, V., Maggs-Kölling, G., Malysheva, E.F., Malysheva, V.F., Martín, B., Martín, M.P., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Mešić, A., Miller, A.N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P.-A., Morte, A., Müller, K., Nagy, L.G., Nanu, S., Navarro-Ródenas, A., Nel, W.J., Nguyen, T.H., Nóbrega, T.F., Noordeloos, M.E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B.E., Ozerskaya, S.M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Pham, T.Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E.S., Portugal, A., Pošta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G.M., Rodríguez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A.M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y.P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M.A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H.X., Tran, N.T., Trovão, J., Trubitsyn, V.E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W.A.S., Vila, J., Visagie, C.M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S.V., Vu, D.T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B.W., de Souza, A.P., Vieira, B.S., Groenewald, J.Z. (2021): Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous, R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous sp. nov. Fungal Planet 47 (1): 310-311, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5856199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.0
A case for re-inventory of Australia’s plant pathogens
No full textAustralia has efficient and visible plant quarantine measures, which through various border controls and survey activities attempt to prevent the entry of unwanted pests and diseases. The ability to successfully perform this task relies heavily on determining what pathogens are present and established in Australia as well as those pathogens that are exotic and threatening. There are detailed checklists and databases of fungal plant pathogens in Australia, compiled, in part, from surveys over many years sponsored by Federal and State programmes. These checklists and databases are mostly specimen-based, which enables validation of records with reference herbarium specimens and sometimes associated cultures. Most of the identifications have been based on morphological examination. The use of molecular methods, particularly the analysis of DNA sequence data, has recently shown that several well-known and important plant pathogenic species are actually complexes of cryptic species. We provide examples of this in the important plant pathogenic genera Botryosphaeria and its anamorphs, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phomopsis / Diaporthe and Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. The discovery of these cryptic species indicates that many of the fungal names in checklists need scrutiny. It is difficult, and often impossible, to extract DNA for sequence analysis from herbarium specimens in order to validate identifications that may now be considered suspect. This validation can only be done if specimens are recollected, re-isolated and subjected to DNA analysis. Where possible, herbarium specimens as well as living cultures are needed to support records. Accurate knowledge of the plant pathogens within Australia's borders is an essential prerequisite for the effective discharge of plant quarantine activities that will prevent or delay the arrival of unwanted plant pathogens
A review of the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex
No full textThe fungal genera Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces represent an unresolved complex. Taxa within the complex often possess characters that occur in more than one genus, creating uncertainty for species placement. Previous studies have indicated that the genera cannot be separated based on morphology alone. Here we chronologically review the history of the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex, argue for its resolution and suggest methods to accomplish a stable taxonomy. A combined molecular and morphological approach is required to identify synapomorphic characters that underpin a new classification. Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces require explicit re-description and new genera, based on monophyletic groups, are needed to accommodate taxa that no longer fit the emended descriptions. A resolved classification will end the taxonomic confusion that surrounds generic placement of these smut fungi
Ramichloridium spp. on Musa in northern Queensland: introducing Ramichloridium ducassei sp. nov. on leaf streaks of Ducasse banana
No full textThe fungi associated with tropical leaf speckle diseases of banana (Musa spp. and cultivars) in northern Queensland were examined from fresh leaves and herbarium specimens. Ramichloridium biverticillatum was predominantly found associated with leaves of Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata cv. Cavendish) and a new species, R. ducassei was found associated with dark brown streaks on leaves of Ducasse banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana cv. Pisang awak). A key is provided for all of the species of Ramichloridum that are known to occur on Musa
Fungal Planet description sheets: 1436–1477
No full textNovel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Colletotrichum araujiae on leaves, stems and fruits of Araujia hortorum. Australia, Agaricus pateritonsus on soil, Curvularia fraserae on dying leaf of Bothriochloa insculpta, Curvularia millisiae from yellowing leaf tips of Cyperus aromaticus, Marasmius brunneolorobustus on well-rotted wood, Nigrospora cooperae from necrotic leaf of Heteropogon contortus, Penicillium tealii from the body of a dead spider, Pseudocercospora robertsiorum from leaf spots of Senna tora, Talaromyces atkinsoniae from gills of Marasmius crinis-equi and Zasmidium pearceae from leaf spots of Smilax glyciphylla. Brazil, Preussia bezerrensis from air. Chile, Paraconiothyrium kelleni from the rhizosphere of Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. chiloensis. Finland, Inocybe udicola on soil in mixed forest with Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Picea abies and Alnus incana. France, Myrmecridium normannianum on dead culm of unidentified Poaceae. Germany, Vexillomyces fraxinicola from symptomless stem wood of Fraxinus excelsior. India, Diaporthe limoniae on infected fruit of Limonia acidissima, Didymella naikii on leaves of Cajanus cajan, and Fulvifomes mangroviensis on basal trunk of Aegiceras corniculatum. Indonesia, Penicillium ezekielii from Zea mays kernels. Namibia, Neocamarosporium calicoremae and Neocladosporium calicoremae on stems of Calicorema capitata, and Pleiochaeta adenolobi on symptomatic leaves of Adenolobus pechuelii. Netherlands, Chalara pteridii on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Neomackenziella juncicola (incl. Neomackenziella gen. nov.) and Sporidesmiella junci from dead culms of Juncus effusus. Pakistan, Inocybe longistipitata on soil in a Quercus forest. Poland, Phytophthora viadrina from rhizosphere soil of Quercus robur, and Septoria krystynae on leaf spots of Viscum album. Portugal (Azores), Acrogenospora stellata on dead wood or bark. South Africa, Phyllactinia greyiae on leaves of Greyia sutherlandii and Punctelia anae on bark of Vachellia karroo. Spain, Anteaglonium lusitanicum on decaying wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. lusitanica, Hawksworthiomyces riparius from fluvial sediments, Lophiostoma carabassense endophytic in roots of Limbarda crithmoides, and Tuber mohedanoi from calcareus soils. Spain (Canary Islands), Mycena laurisilvae on stumps and woody debris. Sweden, Elaphomyces geminus from soil under Quercus robur. Thailand, Lactifluus chiangraiensis on soil under Pinus merkusii, Lactifluus nakhonphanomensis and Xerocomus sisongkhramensis on soil under Dipterocarpus trees. Ukraine, Valsonectria robiniae on dead twigs of Robinia hispida. USA, Spiralomyces americanus (incl. Spiralomyces gen. nov.) from office air. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes
Lembosia mahabaleshwarensis Bhise & Patil & Salunkhe 2014, sp. nov.
No full text2. Lembosia mahabaleshwarensis Bhise & Patil, sp. nov. Fig. 2 MycoBank MB 809994 Type: INDIA. Maharashtra: Mahabaleshwar, Par, on living leaves of Syzygium rubicundum, 17°55’22.30”N, 73°36’00.20”E, elev. 762m, 17 October 2013, Bhise M. R., HCIO 51673 (holotype). Colonies amphigenous, mostly epiphyllous, closely scattered, crustose, confluent, dark black, up to 4 mm in diameter. Hyphae dark brown, substraight to flexuous, branching alternate to unilateral at acute to wide angles, loosely reticulate, cells 20–39 × 5–7 μm. Appressoria opposite, rarely alternate, distantly formed in closed groups of 3 to 4 pairs, mostly just below the end of hyphae, antrorse to subantrorse, bicelled, 16–21 μm long; stalk cells cylindrical to cuneate, 5–7 × 6– 7 μm; head cells subglobose, ovate to oblong, straight to recurved, entire, 9–14 × 7–12 μm. Thyriothecia numerous, closely scattered, initially globose to orbicular, elliptic, elongate to irregular in shape, 314–838 × 240–329 μm, longitudinally fissured at center, sometimes forming Y shaped dehiscence at the center, margin crenate to fimbriate with fringed hyphae. Asci numerous, initially globose, obovate to oval, octosporous, 60–73 × 43–59 μm. Ascospores oblong, conglobate, golden yellow, uniseptate, slightly constricted at the septum, 38–43 × 16–18 μm, wall smooth. Habitat/Distribution: Inhabiting living leaves of Syzygium rubicundum, along the streams in Par, Pratapgad, Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra, India. Etymology: Specific epithet based on the name of the type location (Mahabaleshwar). Other material examined: INDIA. Maharashtra: Mahabaleshwar, Pratapgad, on living leaves of Syzygium rubicundum, 17°56’10.70”N, 73°35’07.50”E, elev. 829m, 13 December 2013, Bhise M. R., HCIO 51674. Notes: About 12 species of Lembosia have been described on host species of Syzygium and Eugenia (Song and Hosagoudar 2003, Far and Rossman 2014). The literature survey revealed that, the present species is close to Lembosia hosagoudarii Sivan. & R. G. Shivas (2002:163); L. syzygii Sivan. & R.G. Shivas (2002:160) and L. syzygiicola (Hansf. 1944:115) Deighton (1978:518), known on the host species of Syzygium from India, Australia and Uganda respectively (Song and Hosagoudar 2003, Hosagoudar 2012, Far and Rossman 2014). However, the new species differs from the related species in having larger appressoria mostly opposite and distantly arranged in groups of 3 to 4 pairs, larger ascospores which are slightly constricted at septum and smooth-walled (Table 2). Lembosia mahabaleshwarensis can be easily distinguished by arrangement of appressoria and larger, smooth walled ascospores. This species is associated with Asteridiella syzygii Hansf. (1957:50) and Asterina jambolanae Kar & Maity.Published as part of Bhise, M. R., Patil, C. R. & Salunkhe, C. B., 2014, Two new species of asterinaceous fungi from Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra, India, pp. 283-289 in Phytotaxa 184 (5) on page 286, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.184.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/514684
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