55 research outputs found
A Scalable Approach to IoT Interoperability: The Share Pattern
No full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming how devices communicate, with more than 30 billion connected units today and projections exceeding 40 billion by 2025. Despite this growth, the integration of heterogeneous systems remains a significant challenge, particularly in sensitive domains like healthcare, where proprietary standards and isolated ecosystems hinder interoperability. This paper presents an extended version of the Share design pattern, a lightweight and contract-based mechanism for dynamic service composition, tailored for resource-constrained IoT devices. Share enables decentralized, peer-to-peer integration by exchanging executable code in our examples written in the LUA programming language. This approach avoids reliance on centralized infrastructures and allows services to discover and interact with each other dynamically through pattern-matching and contract validation. To assess its suitability, we developed an emulator that directly implements the system under test in LUA, allowing us to verify both the structural and behavioral constraints of service interactions. Our results demonstrate that Share is scalable and effective, even in constrained environments, and supports formal correctness via design-by-contract principles. This makes it a promising solution for lightweight, interoperable IoT systems that require flexibility, dynamic configuration, and resilience without centralized control
Blockchain Application for Fish Origin Certification
No full textSeafood traceability is essential in order to ensure the required level of quality control and management. However, over recent years different food scandals have damaged customer trust. Seafood is particularly affected by different types of frauds that take place at global scale. Often complex and unclear supply chains lead to misleading labels. These can falsely allow the selling of low value species as high valuable ones. Labels can also contain wrong location information. For instance, false location can be used in order to sell farmed fish as wild one. The problem of label misleading appears to be widely widespread in restaurants. A study over 23 different countries showed that restaurant mislabelling can be as high as 40%. While in general many traceability solutions have failed to meet the needs of food chain stakeholders, blockchain technology seems to be a promising solution. The decentralised and self-regulating blockchain nature can enable secure traceability in complex supply chains without the need of a centralised trusted party. Traceability data can be stored inside the blockchain which ensures high integrity, reliability and immutability. In this paper we describe a novel fish traceability system (CERTFish) that integrates in a novel way secure digital tags, blockchain technology, IoT tamper proof devices, location and time information. CERTFish ensures wild fish origin authentication and certifies the fish from the catch, throughout its conservation and transportation till the final customers at the restaurant. CERTFish has been validated in a real case study scenarios in order to certify the origin of a special type of anchovies from a specific Mediterranean area
IRON: Reliable domain specific language for programming IoT devices
No full textA domain-specific language (DSL) is a programming language that is specialized to a particular application domain. IRON is a DSL for the IoT domain which allows not only to program in an easy way using the Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules but also to prevent incorrect actions. In this paper, we formally describe the semantics of IRON. The anomalies that IRON prevents are: (i) the presence of cycles that determine the non-termination, (ii) the ambiguous actions that do not allow the definition of a final configuration, (iii) the breaking of invariances. In addition to the formal description of IRON, an interpreter was created in a host language (LUA) that captures and manages the three anomalies. This provides a general scheme for the implementation of languages based on ECA rules
AI-Powered Drone to Address Smart City Security Issues
No full textThe idea of a dazzling metropolis has drawn interest from all across the world. New innovations like blockchain, IoT, artificial intelligence, robots, and many other things were added to it. Security is one of the top issues for people living in big cities, and everyone wants to feel completely secure when traveling around every single day. In this research, we will look into how CEOs in affluent cities use and value robots, especially in terms of security. To understand the robot security the board stream, some approaches and intricacies are used. Following that is a discussion of issues with urban security and the application of artificial intelligence to drones as a management tool. The use of cutting-edge technology, such as blockchain, to support smart urban community management is covered in the last part. The smart city idea and all of its benefits for local inspection are supported by robotic use. The idea of thriving urban areas is spreading around the world and is crucial in the context of developing economies. We examined how to leverage cutting-edge technologies in this project to make it feasible. Artificial intelligence, robotics breakthroughs, and blockchain technologies all have significant effects. This research highlights their significance to analysts and how they consider them when assessing prospects. This project will be very beneficial for analysts and experts in a relevant subject
Online tutoring system for programming courses to improve exam pass rate
No full textUniversity students enrolled in the first year of the Computer Science degree may have problems approaching programming, negatively affecting their study during the course. Tutoring programming projects are very important in helping students with difficulty in learning by providing the right approach to study, improving their knowledge and skills in computing. The aim of this work is to realize a new Java Programming tutoring online course that allows students to have an effective online tool to achieve the learning goals of the course and this will enhance the programming exam pass rate. The course we have designed consists of tools to help students with video tutorials, self-assessment quizzes, code evaluations and exercises to solve using an online Java editor. Because the Moodle platform lacks tools to check the quality of the code syntax, a new software was created. It performs a syntax analysis of the Java code and, as a tutor, automatically provides feedbacks and tips to the students to improve the quality. For each online tool the immediate feedback technique is used to amplify students’ engagement. A Clustering Machine Learning technique is performed to identify different students’ behaviors. A correlation between them and the final performance showed the most influential features of the completed activities. Quantitative analysis highlighted the effectiveness of the tutoring system and the online course designed in this work to enhance the final exam pass rate. At the end, students filled a questionnaire to report their perception and satisfaction about the course
Energy-Efficient Clustering for Wireless Sensor Devices in Internet of Things
No full textA recent study predicted that in 2020 there will be 50 billion devices connected to the Internet. These devices are not only smartphones and tablets, but also things which are able to perform various operations, such as sensing data and actuating on the external environment. With this perspective, WSNs are highly needed in the Internet of Things (IoT) vision. Since WSN nodes are often equipped with batteries, energy-efficient WSNs is an important goal to achieve. In this chapter, we review and compare different energy-efficient clustering protocols for WSNs. We consider WSNs that are composed of heterogeneous wireless sensor devices (i.e., heterogeneous WSNs) but we also take into account protocols that incorporate various IoT devices such as RFID and with energy-harvesting capability. We describe our novel Rotating Energy-Efficient Clustering for Heterogeneous Devices (REECHD). This is a novel clustering protocol for heterogeneous WSNs. REECHD is compared with the state-of-the-art clustering by using simulation
Robot Based Computing System: An Educational Experience
No full textRobot based computing systems have been widely investigated in the last years. One of the main issues is to solve global tasks by means of local and simple computations. Robots might be cooperative or competitive, still the algorithm designer has to detect a way to accomplish the desired task. In this paper, we propose a platform made up of small and self-propelled robots with very limited capabilities in terms of computing resources, storage and sensing. In particular, we consider cheap robots moving within a confined area. The area is suitably coloured so as to be able for a robot endowed with a light sensor to reasonably detect its position. Moreover, robots can communicate with each other by exchanging short messages. Based only on those weak capabilities, we show how it is possible to realise interesting basic tasks. Apart for the relevance in educational contexts, our platform also represents an interesting case study for the main question posed in the literature about the minimal settings under which interesting tasks can be distributively solved
Share: A Design Pattern for Dynamic Composition of IoT Services
No full textThe Internet-of-Things (IoT) is one of the modern technological revolutions that enables communication amongst a plethora of different devices. To date 30 billion devices are connected to the internet more than 75 billion devices are foreseen to be connected worldwide by 2025, a five fold increase in ten years. Devices can have different brands and developers and can be designed to function on a proprietary ecosystem, with separate applications, gateways and tools to support them. This fragmentation can be disastrous in certain industries, such as the medical ones, and limit integration between different systems. In this paper, we envision a solution to overcome this interaction problems. We propose Share a novel programming standard through a design pattern. This allows on the fly service composition of resource constrained IoT devices. To this ending, IoT devices exchange integration codes which specify the data format and the interaction protocol. The design by contract scheme (DCS) is used to make sure that the matching services verify the constraints dictated by the composition. Unlike other on the fly approaches, Share can run on very small and resource constrained devices. Share has been implemented by using LUA programming language and has been validated on the ESP30 embedded device
Innovative application of a micro-CHP with geothermal energy and both electrical and thermal storages: a pilot study case in Marche region (Italy).
No full textInnovative application of a micro-CHP with geothermal energy and both electrical and thermal storages: a pilot study case in Marche region (Italy).
(MATREND project – FAR 2014-15 P.I. Invernizzi)
Calabrò S., Chicco J., Culmone R., Fusari A., Gunnella R., Invernizzi C., Pacetti C.
School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino
The use of Earth’s underground is a key factor in the effort to provide economic and safe solutions for the future energy supply. In addition to supply heating and cooling requests and hot water demand both for private and public buildings, energy consumption has started decreasing in the last decade in order to satisfy the European targets proposed by Kyoto Protocol “20-20-20”. The exploitation of geothermal resources using Ground Source Heat Pumps proved to be an optimal choice.
However, for each Ground Source Heat Pump a considerable amount of electricity is needed during the entire year. In Italy, more than 50% of electricity requests are supplied by fossil fuels’ consumptions. Thus the crux of this innovative application is in the selection of a micro-CHP (Combined Heat and Power) i.e. a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, as a continuous electricity provider, that, despite it uses natural gas, is able to save more than 30% of fossil fuel consumption each year. This innovative heating and cooling system is made up of an electrical energy storage and both a latent (filled with PCM, Phase Change Materials) and a sensible heat storages.
This experimental project, adopting a multidisciplinary investigation, is already in place at the Geology Division of the School of Science and Technology of University of Camerino. The main objectives of this research project are:
- to optimize the knowledge about low enthalpy geothermal plants, focusing on heat transfer enhancement tested in two experimental geothermal boreholes;
- to test commercial and new grouting materials, in particular thermal properties, used to sustain wall boreholes as well as to evaluate the temperature of the underground;
- to monitor heating and cooling system performances month by month and to analyze greenhouse gases emissions reduction and operating costs and so economic advantages.
The realization of the experimental plant involved several steps: i) general knowledge of geological conditions; ii) drilling of geothermal boreholes; iii) in situ measures of the underground thermal properties; iv) laboratory investigations of thermo-physical properties and mineralogical determinations both of drilled lithologies and grouts (commercial and innovative); v) construction of an innovative hybrid geothermal-micro-CHP heating and cooling system for department building; vi) monitoring of both PCM performances and this system’s adaptability in a real environment; vii) measurement of both environmental and economic advantages
Innovative application of a micro-CHP with geothermal energy and both electrical and thermal storages: a pilot study case in Marche region (Italy)
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