742 research outputs found
Les cornes de Moïse
No full textSmeets J. R. Les cornes de Moïse. In: Romania, tome 114 n°453-454, 1996. pp. 235-246
Existence and Warr Neutrality for Matching Equilibria in a Public Good Economy: An Aggregative Game Approach
No full textUsing the aggregative game approach as developed by Cornes and Hartley (2003, 2007) this paper analyzes the conditions under which matching mechanisms in a public good economy lead to interior matching equilibria in which all agents make strictly positive flat contributions to the public good. In particular we show that the distribution of income among the agents is a crucial determinant for the existence of interior matching equilibria. In addition, we explore which matching mechanisms show Warr neutrality and how the size of the economy affects the possibility of implementing a certain type of Pareto optimal solutions through matching.
Prédiction de cornes d'emboutissage à partir de données EBSD mesurées dans le cas du cuivre pur
No full textLa technique d'Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) est utilisée afin de mesurer les orientations locales dans le cas du cuivre pur déformé
par laminage et après recuits. Partant de ces données, les coefficients R(α), permettant de prévoir approximativement les positions des cornes d'emboutissage, sont calculés pour l'ensemble de ces états à partir des textures cristallographiques locales. Parce que la technique d'EBSD permet de séparer aisément les grains recristallisés de la matrice déformée, il est possible d'évaluer la contribution apportée par ces nouveaux grains lors de l'emboutissage. Le maclage de recuit se produisant en parallèle de la recristallisation apporte également un certain nombre d'orientations nouvelles venant modifier le profil de cornes du matériau après recuit. Des calculs complémentaires de simulation du maclage viennent de plus apporter la preuve de la diminution de l'anisotropie du cuivre avec le taux de macles
Global Climate: Night Marine Air Temperature [In State of the Climate in 2024]
No full textThe global annual average night marine air temperature (NMAT) for 2024 was 0.44°C above the 1991–2020 baseline in the University of Alabama in Huntsville Night Marine Air
Temperature (UAHNMAT; Junod and Christy 2020) dataset and 0.54°C in the Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science Night Marine Air Temperature (CLASSnmat; Cornes et al. 2020)
dataset. These values represent the highest in the record dating to 1900 and are 0.04°C higher than those of 2023 in both datasets
Global climate - Night marine air temperature [in: State of the Climate in 2023]
No full textTwo night marine air temperature (NMAT) datasets are routinely updated and used for analysis in this section: UAHNMAT (Junod and Christy 2020) and CLASSnmat (Cornes et al. 2020). These datasets are evaluated in combination with the HadSST4 dataset (Kennedy et al. 2019). Since these datasets are not spatially interpolated, they each have slightly different spatial coverage. In this evaluation the data have been masked to allow comparisons to be made over the common coverage areas, and to the common period of 1900–2023. NMAT and sea-surface temperature (SST) data are expected to follow each other closely across large spatial scales and over longer time periods. As such, the NMAT data are used here to evaluate the more widely used SST data, which are considered in more detail in section 3b
Does Altruism Mitigate Free-riding and Welfare Loss?
No full textA warm-glow motivation for charitable giving has recently been explored as a possible solution to the problem of inefficient private provision of public goods. However, the introduction of warm-glow affects both the efficient level of public good provision as well as the equilibrium level. Hence it is not clear whether warm-glow mitigates or exacerbates inefficiency. We revisit Andreoni's (1989) model of impure altruism and formally analyze this question. Cornes and Sandler''s (1986) index of easy riding and a version of Debreu''s (1951) coefficient of resource utilization are used as measures of free-riding and welfare loss.altruism
Mixed sharing rules
No full textIt is wellknown that a group of individuals contributing to a joint production process with diminishing returns will tend, in equilibrium, to put in too little effort if shares of the output are exogenous, and will put in too much effort if their shares are proportional to their inputs. We consider 'mixed' sharing rules, in which some proportion of the output will be shared exogenously, and the rest proportionally. We examine the efficiency properties of such rules, compare them with serial sharing rules, and suggest a sharing game whose noncooperative equilibrium is, in certain circumstances, Pareto efficientsurplus sharing, cost sharing, aggregative games
'Night Marine Air Temperature' in Global Climate in State of the Climate 2022
No full textAir temperature measurements have been made onboard ships for centuries and continue to be collected today thanks to the Voluntary Observing Ship initiative (https://www.ocean-ops.org/reportcard2022/). Gridded datasets of marine air temperature (MAT) are constructed from the individual measurements, and two such datasets that are routinely updated are used in this section: University of Alabama in Huntsville night-time MAT (UAHNMAT; Junod and Christy 2020) and Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science night MAT (CLASSnmat; Cornes et al. 2020). Since daytime MAT
observations are biased warm due to heating from the ship superstructure, only night-time values are currently used in these datasets and, hence, they are referred to as night
marine air temperature (NMAT). These NMAT datasets provide comparison against the more widely used sea-surface temperature (SST) datasets. In keeping with this theme,
we also include SST statistics from The Met Office Hadley Centre's sea-surface temperature dataset (HadSST4; Kennedy et al. 2019) in this section. Note, however, that the
large-scale average values from HadSST4 presented in this section (Fig. 2.5 and Table 2.2) may differ slightly from other estimates from the dataset presented in this report because the data have been masked such that the spatial coverage is the same across the three datasets in order to ensure a fair comparison
Collective Action in Plant Breeding
No full textOlson (1965) formulated a "Logic of Collective Action". We investigate whether a logic of collective action in plant breeding - and research and development generally - can be constructed. Using a case study on the Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR) as well as other real-world institutions of collective action in R&D, we construct an expanded logic of collective action, which revolves around two core features: Impure public goods and the tragedy of the anticommons. Provisions of FLAR and other institutions are related to game theory and contract theory, and theoretical, methodological and policy implications are outlined.Institutional and Behavioral Economics,
Discriminating grotesque from typical faces: evidence from the Thatcher illusion
No full textThe discrimination of thatcherized faces from typical faces was explored in two simultaneous alternative forced choice tasks. Reaction times (RTs) and errors were measured in a behavioural task. Brain activation was measured in an equivalent fMRI task. In both tasks, participants were tested with upright and inverted faces. Participants were also tested on churches in the behavioural task. The behavioural task confirmed the face specificity of the illusion (by comparing inversion effects for faces against churches) but also demonstrated that the discrimination was primarily, although not exclusively, driven by attending to eyes. The fMRI task showed that, relative to inverted faces, upright grotesque faces are discriminated via activation of a network of emotion/social evaluation processing areas. On the other hand, discrimination of inverted thatcherized faces was associated with increased activation of brain areas that are typically involved in perceptual processing of faces.<br/
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