166 research outputs found
Coordinating Compounds
No full textCoordinating compounds, often referred to by their Sanskrit name dvandva, may be loosely defined as complex word forms in which all of the constituent lexemes (typically, two) share the same status, as Eng. bittersweet. The definition and delimitation of the category of coordinating compounds involves two issues: first, what a 'compound' is and how do we distinguish coordinating compounds from other multiword expressions; secondly, the understanding of what coordination is, and how it is to be distinguished from other, non-symmetrical relations (e.g. subordination). This article will provide an overview on coordination in compounding, discussing classifications of coordinating compounds with extensive exemplification from typologically diverse languages. © 2010 The Author. Language and Linguistics Compass © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
On the productivity of the Chinese affixes −兒 −r, −化 −huà and −頭 −tou
No full textThe notion of 'productivity' is an essential one in the study of linguistic morphology, but its definition is indeed challenging, and there are different ways to measure different aspects of the productivity of a morphological process. In this paper we shall adopt Baayen's P measure of productivity for a corpus-based study of the productivity of three Mandarin derivational suffixes, namely the nominalizer/diminutive tou, a 'dummy' nominal suffix (Lin 2001:82), in order to assess how this index relates to our received knowledge about the productivity of such forms, and, also, to compare our results with a previous study by Nishimoto (2003) on a small corpus of Modern Chinese. Moreover, in a diachronic perspective, we shall compare data from the Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Early Mandarin Chinese and from the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese. We shall show that our P values mostly reflect what descriptive works tell us about the productivity of the affixes considered here in two different periods of the history of the language; when corpus data for previous stages of a language are available, they appear as a better basis for assessments on the profitability of a morphological process than dictionary data
Verbal reduplication in Sinitic
No full textThe main aim of this paper is to underpin the connection between the semantic relationship binding the constituents of verbs and the formal and semantic properties of their reduplication in Sinitic. We first discuss in detail verbal and adjectival reduplication in Standard Mandarin, the best described Chinese language; we also collected data on adjectives, in order to compare them to verbs. Then, we analyze data from a convenience sample of twelve Chinese ‘dialects’, representing the eight major groups of Sinitic, comparing them to Mandarin. We show that whereas the ABAB reduplication pattern often has a (counter-iconic) diminishing meaning and appears as close(r) to syntax, being also sensitive to the aspectual properties of the base, the AABB pattern always has an increasing function, regardless of the word class of the base, and it is a phenomenon conditioned by morphological factors, being sensitive to the relation holding between the constituents of the base verb
Searching for the authentic: Foodservice at a medieval banquet
No full textSpecial event research has found that the provision of quality food and beverage services and perceived authenticity are accepted as determinants of visitor satisfaction for special events. Previous work has proposed that these objectives can be aligned to increase both visitor satisfaction and an event’s revenue. This paper has two broad aims: to draw on the authenticity literature from several fields of study to develop a broad understanding of the manifestations of food and beverage authenticity vis-a-vis special events, and to apply this conceptualisation to an ethnographic study. A participant observation technique was adopted to situate the service of perceived authentic food and beverages within the milieu of various other event authenticity constructs, at a ‘staged’ Medieval Banquet. It was found that considerable efforts were made to align the food and beverage offerings, and their delivery, with other of the event’s authenticity markers. These attempts to authenticate the food and beverage service augmented the overall event. The degree of perceived authenticity at this event derived from complementary authenticating agents and so served to develop a ‘unique’ authenticity. These agents included notions of impression and image management, the consumption context, and instrumental use of history and association. This paper edges closer to developing a conceptual framework, by which the contribution of food and beverage, and its service, to an event’s authenticity might be effectively empirically evaluated
Collaboration in marketing regional tourism destinations: Constructing a business cluster formation framework through participatory action research
No full textThe Authors Current research advocates for the effectiveness of tourism business clusters in promoting collaboration between stakeholders and successfully marketing destinations. However, there is a lack of insight on how a cluster is actually formed in order to reap such benefits, if a cluster does not already pre-exist within a region. Importantly, there is no research framework to explain the steps involved in forming a tourism business cluster in these areas. This inhibits regions that don't have an operational cluster in gaining the benefits of this form of collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how tourism businesses progress through the phases of cluster formation, enabling them to contribute to destination branding for their region. This paper presents the phases and their inherent steps to forming a tourism business cluster resulting from a Participatory Action Research (PAR) study where stakeholders formed a tourism business cluster in a regional destination in Queensland, Australia. The study involved participants from local tourism businesses, the local council, the local tourism organisation, regional tourism organisation, and state tourism organisation. Findings reveal three distinct phases to cluster formation, with each phase encompassing multiple steps. The newly formed cluster enabled participants to contribute to their region's destination brand through the creation of an event for their region. This study contributes important insights to the bodies of literature on collaboration and business clustering, as well as managerial implications for enhancing collaboration structures in a region.No Full Tex
Quasi-periodic eruptions from impacts between the secondary and a rigidly precessing accretion disc in an extreme mass-ratio inspiral system
No full textX-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) represent a recently discovered example of extreme X-ray variability associated with supermassive black holes. These are high-amplitude bursts recurring every few hours that are detected in the soft X-ray band from the nuclei of nearby galaxies whose optical spectra lack the broad emission lines typically observed in unobscured active galaxies. The physical origin of this new X-ray variability phenomenon is still unknown and several theoretical models have been presented. However, no attempt has been made so far to account for the varying QPE recurrence time and luminosity in individual sources, nor for the diversity of the QPE phenomenology in the different known erupters. We present a semi-analytical model based on an extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) system where the secondary intersects, along its orbit, a rigidly precessing accretion disc surrounding the primary. We assume that QPEs result from emission from an adiabatically expanding, initially optically thick gas cloud expelled from the disc plane at each impact. We produced synthetic X-ray light curves, which we then compared with X-ray data from four QPE sources: GSN 069, eRO-QPE1, eRO-QPE2, and RX J1301.9+2747. Our model aptly reproduces the diversity of QPE properties between the considered objects and it is also able to naturally account for the varying QPE amplitudes and recurrence times in individual sources. Future implementations will enable us to refine the match with the data and to estimate the system parameters precisely, making additional use of multi-epoch QPE data. We briefly discuss the nature of the secondary object, as well as the possible implications of our findings for the EMRI population at large
Understanding the contribution of stakeholder collaboration towards regional destination branding: A systematic narrative literature review
No full textThrough a rigorous systematic narrative literature review process, this paper investigates the complexities of destination branding for small tourism businesses in regional areas, revealing the challenges faced by these destinaitons in attracting sustained tourism. In regions comprised of numerous small businesses, complexities arise in destination brandingas each business projects their individual ideas about the destination's brand, creating a diluted marketing message. If businesses were to collaborate for destination branding, the marketing message would no longer be diluted. As such, this literature review explores the concepts of collaboration including strategies for collaboration and stakeholder collaboration, to understand how they can best contribute to successful destination brands. This review synthesizes destination branding literature that focuses on collaboration and how it can contribute to positive destination branding, establishing a basis of current knowledge in this domain and offering new insights and interpretations on collaboration for regional destination branding. This review highlights how useful collaboration has proven to be in regional destination branding, but also reveals how difficult and problematic enacting collaboration can be in practice. A framework is proposed within this paper to explain relationships between the concepts, to be used as a platform to direct future research in this domain.No Full Tex
UK consumers' ethical beliefs towards dining at green restaurants: A qualitative evaluation
No full textThis study explores consumers' intrinsic ethical beliefs across the UK and how these contribute to their intention to dine at green restaurants. A series of four semi-structured focus groups were conducted to elicit ethical beliefs relative to the consumers' decision-making concerning dining at green restaurants. The in-depth qualitative data was examined through the lens of the Hunt-Vitell theory of ethics (H-V model), which has been rarely used in the hospitality domain. The data showed that 45% of the participants had dined at a green restaurant, and 37% had difficulty defining the term. The results also revealed diagnostic information concerning British consumers' salient ethical beliefs relating to dining at green restaurants, such as perceived personal and environmental benefits, concerns, reference groups, facilitators, and barriers. There was substantial ambiguity regarding the knowledge of green restaurant initiatives amongst consumers. Increasing knowledge by promoting informative and educative green initiatives could be employed by restaurants to raise the general public's awareness of ethical approaches adopted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.Full Tex
Protected area visitor data collection and management: Emerging issues and gaps in current Australian practices
No full textProtected area agencies are charged with the preservation, conservation and management of areas including wilderness, national parks and forests. These agencies are faced with increasing visitor numbers and decreasing budgets at a time where activities like tourism have to be managed alongside their traditional roles as natural resource managers. This paper reports on the outcomes of the first stage of a research project that seeks to guide a nationally consistent approach to visitor use data collection for protected area agencies. First, the paper provides a background literature review of approaches to visitor use data collection for protected area agencies. Second, the paper outlines the participatory action research approach used in the study where thirteen protected area agencies are collaborators in the research process. This approach ensures that the protected areas agencies data needs are central to the research outcomes and recognises the pragmatic organisational cultural issues associated with visitor data collection, management and use. The research process incorporates organisational networking at all levels from head office, regions, branches and individual parks involving management information systems, interviews, focus groups, presentations, briefings and follow-up contact. Third, the paper then presents the emergent themes that examine the issues and gaps in current visitor data collection, management and use systems. The paper concludes with discussion of the challenges to developing a national system of visitor data collection and use
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