231 research outputs found
Chemical composition of "Deǧi̇rmendere" halzenut and its importance in human nutrition
No full textTurkey has both suitable ecological conditions an also high quality varieties for hazelnut cultivation. Two cultivars (yassi and yuvarlak) of "Deǧirmendere" variety (syn.badem) that grown in Western part of Black Sea Region is very important specially for fresh consumption. In this study the changes of some important quality criteria such as dry matter, fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash and the other physical parameters were investigated. The results shows that the yassi cultivar has richer nutrient for example fat, protein, ash and carbohydrates than yuvarlak. On the contrary, the yuvarlak cultivar performs better than yassi in aspect of physical values
Evaluation of the fear-avoidance model with health care workers experiencing acute/subacute pain
No full textStudies in the literature do not show clear evidence supporting the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms in individuals experiencing acute/subacute pain compared to those experiencing chronic pain. However, more information is needed about which variables act as mediators in the pain-depression relationship in people having acute/subacute pain, before pain becomes chronic. Our objectives were to test the suitability of the fear-avoidance model in a sample of 110 health care workers experiencing acute/subacute pain using path analyses, to improve the model as needed, and to examine a model involving both pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy with work status as a final outcome. Overall, the results indicated that adjustments to the fear-avoidance model were required for people experiencing acute/subacute pain, in which fear-avoidance beliefs and depressive symptoms were concurrent rather than sequential. The catastrophizing concept was most closely associated with depressive symptoms, while pain self-efficacy was directly associated with fear-avoidance beliefs and indirectly to work outcomes. Assessing and modifying pain self-efficacy in acute/subacute pain patients is important for interventions aiming to decrease fear-avoidance and improve work outcomes
NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist treatment reduces cerebral edema and intracranial pressure in an ovine model of ischemic stroke
No full textFirst published online March 28, 2024Following ischemic stroke, substance P (SP)-mediated neurogenic inflammation is associated with profound blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, cerebral edema, and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). SP elicits its effects by binding the neurokinin 1 tachykinin receptor (NK1-R), with administration of an NK1-R antagonist shown to ameliorate BBB dysfunction and cerebral edema in rodent and permanent ovine stroke models. Given the importance of reperfusion in clinical stroke, this study examined the efficacy of NK1-R antagonist treatment in reducing cerebral edema and ICP in an ovine model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). Anesthetized sheep (n = 24) were subject to 2-hours tMCAo and randomized (n = 6/group) to receive early NK1-R treatment (days 1-3 post-stroke), delayed NK1-R treatment (day 5 post-stroke), or saline vehicle. At 6-days post-stroke animals were re-anaesthetized and ICP measured, followed by MRI to evaluate infarction, edema and BBB dysfunction. Following both early and delayed NK1-R antagonist administration, ICP was significantly reduced on day 6 compared to vehicle animals (p < 0.05), accompanied by a reduction in cerebral edema, midline shift and BBB dysfunction (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that NK1-R antagonist treatment is an effective novel therapy for cerebral edema and elevated ICP following stroke in an ovine model, warranting future clinical evaluation.Annabel J Sorby-Adams, Oana C Marian, Isabella M Bilecki, Levi E Elms, Nawaf Yassi, Rebecca J Hood, Janet K Coller, Shannon M Stuckey, W Taylor Kimberly, Tracy D Farr, Anna V Leonard, Emma Thornton, Robert Vink, and Renee J Turne
NK1-r antagonist treatment comparable to decompressive craniectomy in reducing intracranial pressure following stroke
No full textBackground and Purpose: The morbidity and early mortality associated with stroke is largely attributable to cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Existing pharmacotherapies do not target the underlying pathophysiology and are often ineffective in sustainably lowering ICP, whilst decompressive craniectomy (DC) surgery is life-saving yet with surgical/peri-operative risk and increased morbidity in the elderly. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for therapies that directly target the mechanisms of edema genesis. Neurogenic inflammation, mediated by substance P (SP) binding to the tachykinin NK1 receptor (NK1-r), is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, cerebral edema and poor outcome post-stroke. NK1-r antagonist treatment ameliorates BBB dysfunction and cerebral edema in rodent stroke models. However, treatment has not been investigated in a large animal model, an important step toward clinical translation. Consequently, the current study compared the efficacy of NK1-r antagonist treatment to DC surgery in reducing ICP post-stroke in a clinically relevant ovine model. Methods: Anesthetized female Merino sheep (65 ± 6 kg, 18-24 months) underwent sham surgery (n = 4) or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (n = 22). Stroke animals were randomized into one of 5 treatments: 1×NK1 bolus (4 h), 2×NK1 bolus (4 h;9 h), 3×NK1 bolus (4 h;9 h;14 h), DC surgery (performed at 4 h) or saline vehicle. ICP, blood pressure and blood gasses were monitored for 24 h post-stroke. At 24 h post-stroke anesthetized animals underwent MRI followed by perfusion and brains removed and processed for histological assessment. Results: 2×NK1, 3×NK1 administration or DC surgery significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ICP compared to vehicle. 1×NK1 was ineffective in sustainably lowering ICP. On MRI, midline shift and cerebral edema were more marked in vehicles compared to NK1-r treatment groups. Conclusion: Two or three boluses of NK1-r antagonist treatment reduced ICP comparable to DC surgery, suggesting it may provide a novel alternative to invasive surgery for the management of elevated ICP
Author response
No full textThe Drosophila protocadherin Fat (Ft) regulates growth, planar cell polarity (PCP) and proximodistal patterning. A key downstream component of Ft signaling is the atypical myosin Dachs (D). Multiple regions of the intracellular domain of Ft have been implicated in regulating growth and PCP but how Ft regulates D is not known. Mutations in Fbxl7, which encodes an F-box protein, result in tissue overgrowth and abnormalities in proximodistal patterning that phenocopy deleting a specific portion of the intracellular domain (ICD) of Ft that regulates both growth and PCP. Fbxl7 binds to this same portion of the Ft ICD, co-localizes with Ft to the proximal edge of cells and regulates the levels and asymmetry of D at the apical membrane. Fbxl7 can also regulate the trafficking of proteins between the apical membrane and intracellular vesicles. Thus Fbxl7 functions in a subset of pathways downstream of Ft and links Ft to D localization
Chronic lead exposure effects in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) testis
No full textAlthough reproductive consequences of high circulating blood lead levels (greater than or equal to 60 mu g/dL) have been reported, potential adverse effects of chronic lead exposure in males that result in low to moderate blood lead levels (10-25 and 26-60 mu g/dL, respectively) are unknown. Effects of chronic lead exposure to testis ultrastructure were determined in the cynomolgus monkey after oral administration of lead acetate (1500 mu g/kg BW/day) in a vehicle in the following groups: from birth to 10 years (lifetime), postnatal day 300 to 10 years (postinfancy), and postnatal day 0-400 (infancy); monkeys in the control group received only the vehicle (95% glycerol and 5% distilled water). At age 10 years, circulating lead concentrations in lifetime and postinfancy-dosed monkeys were approximately 35 mu g/dL, and in control and infancy animals the concentrations were <1.0 mu g/dL. Sertoli and spermatogenic cells of dosed monkeys from the infancy and lifetime groups revealed injuries. Chronic exposure to lead that results in moderate blood lead concentrations induced persistent ultrastructural alterations in the cynomolgus monkey testis. Results of this study on the primate, following extrapolation to humans, could influence further refining of the impact of environmental lead contamination concentrations vis-a-vis the health of children, adults, and aged human beings.PT: J; CR: *ATSDR, 1988, NAT EXT LEAD EXP CHI ASSENNATO G, 1987, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V42, P124 BABINEAU KA, 1991, J SUBMICR CYTOL PATH, V23, P457 BOSCOLO P, 1988, TOXICOL LETT, V41, P129 BRAUNSTEIN GD, 1978, INFERTILITY, V1, P33 BRODY DJ, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P277 CHOWDHURY AR, 1984, BIOMED BIOCHIM ACTA, V43, P95 CHOWDHURY AR, 1986, FOLIA HISTOCHEM CYTO, V24, P233 CHOWDHURY AR, 1986, IND HLTH, V25, P55 CULLEN MR, 1984, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V39, P431 FOSTER WG, 1993, REPROD TOXICOL, V7, P203 GENNART JP, 1992, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V135, P1208 GHELBERG NW, 1981, J APPL TOXICOL, V1, P284 HAMILTON A, 1974, IND TOXICOLOGY, P119 HERMESLIMA M, 1991, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V1056, P57 HILDERBRAND DC, 1973, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V115, P1058 JIUN YS, 1994, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V49, P256 LANCRANJAN I, 1975, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V30, P396 MAIZLISH N, 1990, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V80, P931 MALKIN R, 1992, ENVIRON RES, V59, P265 MCGREGOR AJ, 1990, HUM EXP TOXICOL, V9, P371 MURTHY RC, 1991, EXP PATHOL-JENA, V42, P95 MURTHY RC, 1995, REPROD TOXICOL, V9, P483 NORDSTROM S, 1978, HEREDITAS, V88, P51 PANIAGUA R, 1991, J ELECTRON MICR TECH, V19, P241 PIRKLE JL, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P284 QUINLAN GJ, 1988, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V962, P196 RICE DC, 1990, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V102, P101 RICE DC, 1990, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V106, P327 SAXENA DK, 1989, FOLIA HISTOCHEM CYTO, V1, P57 SKINNER MK, 1990, REPROD FERT DEVELOP, V2, P237 SOKOL RZ, 1990, J ANDROL, V11, P521 SUNDARAM K, 1995, REPROD TOXICOL, P99 TEPPER A, 1992, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V82, P275 VALERIO DA, 1969, LAB ANIM CARE, V19, P250 VALERIO DA, 1970, LAB ANIM CARE, V20, P734 WALLER K, 1992, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V82, P1669 YASSI A, 1991, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V81, P736; NR: 38; TC: 3; J9: ULTRASTRUCT PATHOL; PG: 9; GA: YR370Source type: Electronic(1
Tau as a Biomarker of Neurodegeneration
No full textLess than 50 years since tau was first isolated from a porcine brain, its detection in femtolitre concentrations in biological fluids is revolutionizing the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the molecular and technological advances that have catapulted tau from obscurity to the forefront of biomarker diagnostics. Comprehensive updates are provided describing the burgeoning clinical applications of tau as a biomarker of neurodegeneration. For the clinician, tau not only enhances diagnostic accuracy, but holds promise as a predictor of clinical progression, phenotype, and response to drug therapy. For patients living with neurodegenerative disorders, characterization of tau dysregulation could provide much-needed clarity to a notoriously murky diagnostic landscape
Multi-Omic Blood Biomarkers as Dynamic Risk Predictors in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
No full textLate-onset Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, accounting for a growing burden of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease before symptoms are established is clinically challenging, but would provide therapeutic windows for disease-modifying interventions. Blood biomarkers, including genetics, proteins and metabolites, are emerging as powerful predictors of Alzheimer's disease at various timepoints within the disease course, including at the preclinical stage. In this review, we discuss recent advances in such blood biomarkers for determining disease risk. We highlight how leveraging polygenic risk scores, based on genome-wide association studies, can help stratify individuals along their risk profile. We summarize studies analyzing protein biomarkers, as well as report on recent proteomic- and metabolomic-based prediction models. Finally, we discuss how a combination of multi-omic blood biomarkers can potentially be used in memory clinics for diagnosis and to assess the dynamic risk an individual has for developing Alzheimer's disease dementia
Physician expelled from Indian Association of Occupational Health after critique
No full textThe lack of worker protection in India and the resulting occupational injuries and illnesses are so shockingly common that the data are deliberately not collected. This problem is uncomfortable for IAOH, an organization that serves as guarantor and protector of corporate interests. There is a compelling need to update Indian occupational health and safety laws, which have become inadequate in a world of global manufacture. There is a need to upgrade the training of occupational health professionals, including government enforcement staff and to bring more transparency to issues of workers health and safety
The effects of a multidisciplinary case management method on the costs of a workers' compensation plan
No full textPlan BThis research paper had a defined purpose of investigation of the internal policies and procedures that were used to administer and manage the day-to-day functioning of the workers’ compensation program at MidWest Regional Hospital. The goal of this study was a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the workers’ compensation internal policies and procedures program at MRH using an author-designed list of best practices. As a starting place, a literature review focused on an internal multidisciplinary case management model. Analysis of approximately 100 journal articles, books and original research data from North America and Europe indicated, when properly implemented, that this type of management program may significantly reduce the overall costs of an organization’s workers’ compensation program. Other specific cost reduction factors were reviewed for compatibility with the multidisciplinary case management model. Information from the literature review suggests there are several functions such as illness and injury trend analysis and hazard abatement, that utilized many of the same resources as an established multidisciplinary case management model and could be efficiently combined to further reduce incidence of accidents and illnesses. It seems likely that lowering the illness and injury incidence would reduce the workers’ compensation program costs. An author-designed checklist of best practices was compiled with data from organizations that have shown a noted reduction in workers’ compensation costs. The elements were selected based on the specific change in practices within the organization that resulted in significant cost reduction. These elements were then complied into a “Best Practices” checklist. The elements of that checklist were compared to the current written policies and procedures directing the staff of the workers’ compensation program at MidWest Regional Hospital. The elements listed will be noted as either having a written, current policy and practice or not having a written policy or practice. There is also a comments section after each element for clarification and remarks by the researcher. The researcher found MidWest Regional Hospital had a favorable foundation for a comprehensive workers’ compensation program. Six of 15 elements from the best practices chart had written policies for direction. Three other elements did not have written policies, but the elemental functions were being performed. Of the remaining six elements on the chart, only one was contradictory to the best practices chart. Considering the percentage of the best practices chart element functions that were addressed with written policies and procedures and functions that are being performed without written policies and procedures at MRH, the workers’ compensation program needs to be reviewed and revised, not completely restructured
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