17 research outputs found
Factors contributing to the development of dehydration among under five years children with diarrhoea in Thulamela B. Clinics, Vhembe District
No full textMPHDepartment of Public HealthDiarrhoea is a major public health problem in Nepal as evident from its increasing incidence and fatality Unlike other diseases, diarrhoea is generally not considered as an illness and, thus most diarrheal cases are either not managed at all or managed at home through traditional approaches. The main purpose of this study is to assess factors contributing to the development of dehydration amongst under five children with diarrhoea in Thulamela B clinics. A quantitative approach using descriptive cross sectional survey design will be conducted among 487 mothers to be conveniently selected from purposively selected three Clinics in Thulamela B area. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire will be used to collect the data for the study and the validity of the instrument will be ensured and, the development of the instrument will be guided by a wide range of literature and the inputs of experts. The instrument will be test-retested for reliability and the responses will be compared using
Cronbach’s alpha. Data will be captured and coded into a computer using Microsoft Excel 2013 and will be analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 22.0. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse and association will be tested through cross tabulation chi-square and the results will be presented in tables and charts. Envisaged results will reveal the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of under five children regarding dehydration and childhood diarrhoea. The study findings will therefore be significance in assisting successful recommendations to be identified.The study concludes that even though respondents were knowledgeable about the disease, and were aware about some of its causes; their overall practices can expose their children to diarrheal diseases. The study recommends that the Department of Health conduct awareness campaigns to teach mothers how to manage diarrhoea. Nurses at the PHCs should all be trained on the use of IMCI strategies so that they may communicate appropriate information and skills to mothers on identification of early signs of dehydration, its complications and appropriate diarrhoea management knowledge, practices and skills. The Department of Health must appoint IMCI coordinators in each local area so that they may supervise, do follow ups after IMCI trainings, do support visits on monthly basis and emphasize IMCI strategies to be implemented in all Primary Health Care facilities (PHC).NR
Challenges faced by health professionals regarding the implementation of HIV/AIDS guidelines at PHC facilities of Vhembe District, South Africa
No full textMPHDepartment of Public HealthHIV/AIDS is an overwhelming global pandemic that affects the country’s health-care system.
In order to reduce HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, the World Health Organization has
called on countries to provide earlier access to antiretroviral therapy. In order to comply with
the World Health Organization’s call, South Africa has developed the National Consolidated
Guidelines, which were aimed at increasing access to ART as well as reducing new
infections through viral suppression. Although the new guidelines have been implemented,
they have not been fully implemented, especially in rural-based Primary Health Care
facilities. The researcher observed that women who were pregnant were not tested every
three months, as prescribed by the HIV/AIDS guidelines. The aim of this study was to
investigate Challenges faced by health professionals regarding the implementation of
HIV/AIDS guidelines at PHC facilities of Vhembe District, South Africa. This study adopted a
qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach targeting nurses working at
rural-based primary health care facilities at Vhembe District. Face-to face in-depth, Semistructured interviews were conducted, audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The study used
non-probability quota sampling method to identify participants until data saturation was
reached with 12 participants. The results revealed that nurses faced some challenges when
implementing HIV/AIDS guidelines, including shortages of resources, poor technical support,
poor infrastructure, work overload, patients starting ART while there are not ready, shortage
of ART, late booking of antenatal care, and mothers’ denial of HIV positive status, HIV
positive babies, and poor RPC after birth. Ethical considerations were observed throughout
the study. The data collected was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis
and all measures to ensure trustworthiness of the study findings were ensured. Some
recommendations were made based on the findings of the studyNR
The impact of mothers knowledge and attitude on malnutrition preventive practices in Thulamela Local Municipality, South Africa
No full textMPHDepartment of Public HealthMalnutrition remains one of the major health problems facing South African children under five-years. Despite all efforts by the South African government to address and deal with malnutrition amongst children under-five in general, nutritional problems exist in Vhembe District. In 2017 alone, Thulamela Municipality recorded 523 severe cases of children under five-year affected with malnutrition and 68 of them died. In addition, 13 new cases of children under five-year severely affected by malnutrition were recorded in May 2018. Studies claim that mothers’ knowledge and attitude play a significant role in malnutrition preventive practices. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of mothers’ knowledge on malnutrition preventive practices amongst children under the age of five years in Thulamela municipality, South Africa. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the respondents who are mothers of children under five-years old to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. In terms of frequency and percentages as well as multiple regressions to assess the impact of knowledge and Attitude on malnutrition preventive practices. Validity and reliability were ensured, and research ethics were observed. Respondents held positive attitudes towards feeding their children frequently commensurate to the need for food. The study discovered that the majority (92%) of the respondents heard and understood malnutrition. Furthermore, the study found that the majority (88.4%) of the respondents knew that eating balanced diet food prevents malnutrition. Further research is needed to expose other factors associated with mother’s malnutrition preventive practices.NR
University of Venda’s male students’ attitudes towards contraception and family planning
No full textBackground: Many young men continue to disregard the importance of contraception and family planning in South Africa. The fact that even university students also do not take contraception and family planning seriously poses a serious threat to their own health and well-being.
Aim: This paper aims at investigating the attitudes of male students towards contraception and the promotion of female students’ sexual health rights and well-being at the University of Venda.
Methods: Quantitative research method is used to determine how attitudes of 60 male students towards contraception can jeopardise the health and well-being of both male and female students.
Results: This study reveals that the majority of 60 male students at the University of Venda have a negative attitude towards contraceptives. As a result, male students at the University of Venda are not keen on using contraceptives. Male students’ negative attitude and lack of interest in contraceptives and family planning also limit progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals on primary health care, especially with regard to sexual and reproductive health and well-being of female students at the University of Venda.
Conclusion: The fact that more than half of the male students interviewed did not take contraception and family planning seriously poses a serious threat to health and well-being of students, including violation of female students’ sexual and reproductive health rights in South Africa. This calls for radical health promotion and sexual and reproductive rights programmes which should specifically target male students at the University of Venda
Testing the Job Demands-Resources Model on nurses
No full textThesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African health care system is tormented by various challenges ranging from income inequalities, extreme resource scarcities to discrimination and violence. This makes the health care industry a tough work environment for health care personnel to operate in. South Africa has experienced the loss of thousands of nurses over the past decade, either emigrating or leaving the nursing profession altogether (Tshitangano, 2013). Consequently, this trend drew the attention to the well-being of nurses in South Africa.
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the level of work engagement among private sector nurses in the Western Cape, together with their levels of job demands, job resources, personal resources, performance and job crafting. This was done using the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) of work engagement. The comprehensive JD-R model was tested and the validity of the proposed relationships between the constructs was examined. Moreover, additional paths in the model were proposed and tested. Managerial implications along with practical interventions were derived from the results with the aim to increase nurse well-being and retention.
An ex post facto correlational design was used to test the formulated hypotheses in this research study. Quantitative data were collected from 311 nurses employed by a private hospital group by means of non-probability convenience sampling. A self-administered paper copy survey was distributed to hospitals given that they agreed to participate in the research. The survey was voluntary, anonymous and confidential. The survey consisted of five sections and included questions from five existing questionnaires, namely, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), the Job Demands-Resources Scale (Rothman, Mostert & Strydom, 2006), the Work Design Questionnaire (Morgeson & Humhprey, 2006), the Psychological Capital Self-Rated Version (PsyCap-24) (Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman, 2006), and the Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012). In order to test the statistical significance of the hypotheses, the data were subjected to Structural Equation modelling and regression analyses.
The results indicated that the nurses experienced a high level of work engagement, and elucidated the fact that job resources, job demands, and job crafting aspects of their jobs are in need of industrial psychologist or managerial interventions.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsisteem word geteister deur verskeie uitdagings wat onder andere inkomste ongelykhede, ekstreme hulpbron skaarshede, diskriminasie en geweld insluit. Dit maak die gesondheidsindustrie ʼn moeilike werksomgewing vir gesondheidspersoneel om in te werk. Suid-Afrika het duisende verpleegsters oor die laaste dekade verloor as gevolg van emigrasie, terwyl ander die professie in geheel verlaat het (Tshitangano, 2013). Gevolglik het hierdie tendens die aandag getrek na die welstand van verpleegsters in Suid-Afrika.
Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om die vlak van werksbetrokkenheid onder ʼn steekproef van privaatsektor verpleegsters in die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek, tesame met hulle vlakke van werkseise, werkshulpbronne, persoonlike hulpbronne, werksprestasie en posverryking. Die Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) of work engagement is vir hierdie doel ingespan. Die omvattende model tesame met die geldigheid van die voorgestelde verhoudings tussen die konstrukte is getoets. Addisionele verhoudings is ook voorgestel en getoets. Bestuursimplikasies en praktiese intervensies is van die resultate afgelei en word aan bestuurders voorgelê as moontlike oplossings om verpleegsters se welstand en retensie te verhoog.
ʼn Ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp is gebruik om die geformuleerde hipoteses in hierdie studie te toets. Kwantitatiewe data is van 311 verpleegsters ingesamel wat deur ʼn private hospitaalgroep in diens geneem word. Nie-waarskynlikheid gerieflikheidsteekproeftrekking is gebruik om die steekproef te bepaal. ʼn Self-geadministreerde vraelys is ontwikkel en as harde kopie uitgestuur na dié hospitale wat ingestem het om aan die navorsing deel te neem. Die vraelys is vrywillig, anoniem en konfidensieel ingevul en het uit vyf seksies bestaan. Die vyf seksies se vrae is opgemaak uit verskeie bestaande vraelyste, naamlik, die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), die Job Demands-Resources Scale (Rothman, Mostert & Strydom, 2006), die Work Design Questionnaire (Morgeson & Humhprey, 2006), die Psychological Capital Self-Rated Version (PsyCap-24) (Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman, 2006), en die Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012). Ten einde die statistiese beduidendheid van die hipoteses te toets, is die data deur strukturele vergelykingsmodellering en regressie-ontledings ontleed. Die resultate dui daarop dat die verpleegsters 'n hoë vlak van werksbetrokkenheid ervaar, en dat werkshulpbronne, werkseise en posverrykende aspekte van hulle werk bestuurs- of bedryfsielkundige intervensies verlang.Master
National Food and Nutrition Security Survey: Northern Cape Province report
No full textThis report is based on the empirical evidence collected from selected Small Area Layers (SALs) within the five districts of the Northern Cape province. SAL is the smallest geographical unit usually allocated to a single enumerator during census enumeration. In other words, it constitutes a small piece of land for an enumerator to cover to administer a questionnaire during a census or study (Statistics South Africa). Each of the SALs in this survey had 35 visiting points (households). The results provide a baseline assessment of the status quo of food and nutrition security in the province. The data was collected within the data was collected more than 8 months after the COVID-19 lockdown measures, a period characterized by much more relaxed restrictive COVID-19 measures. This greatly influenced and changed the picture from what would ordinarily obtain under a normal situation. Whilst this research project has benefited from the valuable insights and input of a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) that provided comments and reviewed the final research report, the ultimate responsibility for the contents therein (including but not limited to unintentional errors, inaccuracies, or omissions) rests with the authors and researchers involved. Users of this research should exercise their judgment and discretion when
interpreting the findings and recommendations presented herein.
National Food and Nutrition Security Survey: national report
No full textThis report is based on information gathered from specific Small Area Layers (SALs) located throughout South Africa's nine provinces. A Small Area Layer is the smallest geographic unit that is typically assigned to a single enumerator during a census or enumeration. For the National Food and Nutrition Security Survey, 35 visiting points (households) made up the SAL. Except for Limpopo Province whose SALs had 20 visiting points (households). The findings presented in this report provide a baseline assessment of South Africa's current state of food and nutrition security. The data was gathered at the peak of Covid-19 in Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and North West provinces. The overall effects of strict Covid-19 restrictions are likely to have an influence on the results presented in these three provinces due to the limited movements and interaction among people. Data collection in the rest of the provinces was done in less restrictive Covid-19 lockdown measures however the post covid effects may have influenced the overall outcome on some of the food security and nutrition indicators. This research project has benefited from the valuable insights and input of a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) that provided comments and reviewed the final research reports. Ultimately, the contents of this research project are
the responsibility of the authors and principal researchers involved. Users of this research should exercise their judgment and discretion when interpreting the findings and recommendations presented herein.
National Food and Nutrition Security Survey: KwaZulu-Natal Province report
No full textThis report is based on the empirical evidence collected from selected Small Area Layers (SALs) within the four districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province. SAL is the smallest geographical unit usually allocated to a single enumerator during census enumeration. In other words, it constitutes a small piece of land for an enumerator to cover to administer a questionnaire during a census or study (Statistics South Africa). Each of the SALs in this survey had 35 visiting points (households). The results provide a baseline assessment of the status quo of food and nutrition security in the province. The data was collected during COVID-19 lockdown around November-December 2021. This greatly influenced and changed the picture from what would ordinarily obtain under a normal situation. Whilst this research project has benefited from the valuable insights and input of a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) that provided comments and reviewed the final research report, the ultimate responsibility for the contents therein (including but not limited to unintentional errors, inaccuracies, or omissions) rests with the authors and researchers involved. Users of this research should exercise their judgment and discretion when interpreting the findings and recommendations presented herein.
National Food and Nutrition Security Survey: Eastern Cape Province report
No full textThis report is based on the empirical evidence collected from selected Small Area Layers (SALs) within the five districts of the Eastern Cape province. SAL is the smallest geographical unit usually allocated to a single enumerator during census enumeration. In other words, it constitutes a small piece of land for an enumerator to cover to administer a questionnaire during a census or study (Statistics South Africa). Each of the SALs in this survey had 35 visiting points (households). The results provide a baseline assessment of the status quo of food and nutrition security in the province. The data was collected within the data was collected more than 8 months after the COVID-19 lockdown measures, a period characterized by much more relaxed restrictive COVID-19 measures. This greatly influenced and changed the picture from what would ordinarily obtain under a normal situation. Whilst this research project has benefited from the valuable insights and input of a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) that provided comments and reviewed the final research report, the ultimate responsibility for the contents therein (including but not limited to unintentional errors, inaccuracies, or omissions) rests with the authors and researchers involved. Users of this research should exercise their judgment and discretion when
interpreting the findings and recommendations presented herein.
National Food and Nutrition Security Survey: North West Province report
No full textThis report is based on the empirical evidence collected from selected Small Area Layers (SALs) within the four districts of the North West Province. SAL is the smallest geographical unit usually allocated to a single enumerator during census enumeration. In other words, it constitutes a small piece of land for an enumerator to cover to administer a questionnaire during a census or study (Statistics South Africa). Each of the SALs in this survey had 35 visiting points (households). The results provide a baseline assessment of the status quo of food and nutrition security in the province. The data was collected during COVID-19 lockdown around November-December 2021. This greatly influenced and changed the picture from what would ordinarily obtain under a normal situation. Whilst this research project has benefited from the valuable insights and input of a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) that provided comments and reviewed the final research report, the ultimate responsibility for the contents therein (including but not limited to unintentional errors, inaccuracies, or omissions) rests with the authors and researchers involved. Users of this research should exercise their judgment and discretion when interpreting the findings and recommendations presented herein.
