878 research outputs found
Indochinamon phongnha Naruse, Quynh & Yeo, 2011, n. sp.
No full textIndochinamon phongnha n. sp. (Figs. 6 a, b, 7, 8, 9 a–c) Material examined. Holotype: male (68.6 by 51.9 mm) (ZMHU), Phong Nha National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, stream near km 49 mark of Ho Chi Minh highway, the branch on the west side, elevation 750m, coll. Vu Ngoc Thanh, 22 Jun. 2006. Paratypes: 1 female (34.9 by 27.5 mm) (ZMHU), same data as holotype; 5 males (25.4 by 20.2 – 44.2 by 33.2 mm), 6 females (17.9 by 14.1 – 43.0 by 32.6 mm), 1 juvenile (15.4 by 12.5 mm) (ZRC 2010.0168), Khe Con Khai stream, Cha Noi, Phong Nha, Quang Binh Prov., Vietnam, 17 ˚ 38.196 'N 106 ˚05.928'E, 263m asl, coll. D. C. J. Yeo & A. D. Tran, 13 Jul. 2004; 2 males (34.3 by 26.6, 31.9 by 24.9 mm), 3 females (38.3 by 29.9 – 54.8 by 41.4 mm), 1 juvenile (17.0 by 13.1 mm) (ZRC 2010.0169), Cha Noi, Phong Nha, Quang Binh Prov., Vietnam, Stream under bridge, 17 ˚ 38.397 'N 106 ˚06.975'E, 261m asl, coll. D. C. J. Yeo & A. D. Tran, 13 Jul. 2004; 3 males (49.0 by 38.3 – 51.3 by 40.1 mm) (ZMHU), 11 males (16.4 by 13.3 – 64.2 by 48.0 mm), 3 females (32.6 by 25.9 – 38.9 by 30.1 mm) (ZRC 2010.0170), Vuc Tro stream, Phong Nha, Quang Binh Prov., 17 ˚ 38.188 'N 106 ˚ 12.810 'E, coll. D. C. J. Yeo & A. D. Tran, 14 Jul. 2004; 3 females (36.1 by 28.1 – 42.8 by 33.0 mm), 2 juveniles (19.6 by 15.3, 17.3 by 13.6 mm) (ZRC 2010.0171), Stream near Forest Ranger station 37, Phong Nha, Quang Binh Prov., Vietnam, 17 ˚ 31.395 'N 106 ˚ 17.716 'E, 86m asl, coll. D. C. J. Yeo & A. D. Tran, 15 Jul. 2004; 5 males (42.0 by 31.5 – 49.1 by 37.2 mm) (ZMHU), 3 males (49.8 by 37.8 – 53.0 by 41.5 mm) (ZRC 2010.0172), Chay stream, Quang Binh Prov., Vietnam, 17 ˚ 33.146 'N 106 ˚ 14.425 'E, 94m asl, coll. D. C. J. Yeo & A. D. Tran, 17 Jul. 2004; 1 male (61.9 by 47.3 mm) (ZRC 2010.0173), Km 23 + 800 HCM Way, near Hang So Dua, Pong Nha National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, coll. A. D. Tran, 11 Aug. 2001; 1 male (56.9 by 44.0 mm), 1 female (54.2 by 40.8) (ZRC 2010.0174), Thac Xoi waterfall, Phong Nha National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, coll. Q. K. Hoang & V. K. Dinl, 10 Aug. 2002. Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 6 a) oval, CW 1.24–1.34 times (mean 1.30, n = 31) CL, dorsal surface (Fig. 7 a) flat, regions well defined; epigastric crista distinct, oblique, postorbital crista composed of transverse, short cristae, separated from epigastric crista, externally terminated by cervical groove, cervical groove polygonal line-like, anterolateral region scattered with oblique short granules. Frontal to orbital margins cristate, lined with rounded granules, granules of infraorbital margin (Fig. 7 a) larger, infraorbital margin interrupted just below external orbital angle by U-shaped notch; suborbital region scattered with granules; subhepatic region covered with short rows of granules. External orbital angle narrow, directed anteriorly, outer margin length about one and a half times inner margin, outer margin cristate, lined with small granules, epibranchial tooth disconnected from outer margin of external orbital angle by short gap of crista, short, not clearly larger than following granules, directed anteriorly; anterolateral margin strongly convex laterally, cristate, regularly lined with large granules, posterolateral margins strongly convergent posteriorly. Posterior margin of epistome (Fig. 7 a) with one median, long, narrow, sharp lobe, margin besides median lobe composed of elongated granules. Ischium of third maxilliped broadly rectangular, exopod flagellum longer than half width of merus. Male cheliped carpus with rugose outer surface, inner angle with sharp, long tooth, followed vento-proximally by one small tooth; male chela (Fig. 7 b) with swollen palm, scattered with low, rounded granules from outer to lower half of inner surfaces; fingers as long as palm, straight, slightly hook-shaped distally, cutting edge regularly lined with teeth, without gape when closed. Male abdomen (Fig. 6 b) tongue-shaped, first segment with distal margin rimmed; second segment with sublateral notch on distal margin, forming rounded lateral lobes; third segment widest; sixth segment longer than telson, telson longer than width. G 1 (Fig. 8 a, b) with distal third bent outwards; subterminal segment with wide convexity on proximal twofifths of outer margin, distal part of outer margin excavated, connected dorsally to shallow transverse slope; distal segment relatively stout, tip slightly bent proximally in dorsal view, outwards in anterior view, groove for G 2 on lateral surface throughout distal segment, elongated opening on distal ventral surface, dorsal flap (protuberance of ventral outer surface) low, slightly visible medially in dorsal view. G 2 (Fig. 8 c) longer than G 1, flagellum curving outwards, J-shaped. Live colouration. The dorsal carapace and chelipeds, and ambulatory legs, are mostly brownish-grey. The upper half of the third maxillipeds (from the palp to the upper part of the ischium) and the suborbital, pterygostomial, subhepatic, and subbranchial regions are a lighter more orange shade. The anterolateral and external orbital angle margins, orbital and frontal margins, and the posterior margin of the epistome are bright orange in colour. The distal parts of the fingers of the chelae are bright orange with the tips being white, the orange colour spreading to the lower half and cutting edge of the movable finger and to most of the fixed finger (Fig. 6 a, b). Habitat and distribution. The species inhabits slow to fast flowing, forest streams with various combinations of rock, sandy, and mud substrata, and patches of leaf litter, in the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province of northern-central Vietnam. Etymology. The new species is named after the type locality, Phong Nha National Park. The name is used as noun in apposition. Remarks. Indochinamon phongnha n. sp. can be distinguished from I. kimboiense by the characters of the carapace and the G 1. In I. phongnha n. sp., the anterolateral margins of the carapace are more produced (Fig. 6 a), the dorsal surface of the carapace is lower (Fig. 7 a), the G 1 is more strongly bent laterally at distal part of the subterminal segment (Fig. 8 a, b), and the dorsal flap of the distal segment of the G 1 is low but proportionately longer (Fig. 8 a, b). In contrast, in I. kimboiense, the anterolateral margins of the carapace are less produced (Fig. 1 a), the dorsal surface of the carapace is slightly convex (Fig. 2 a), the G 1 is less strongly bent laterally at distal part of the subterminal segment (Fig. 3 a, b), and the dorsal flap of the distal segment of the G 1 is slightly higher but shorter than that of I. phongnha n. sp. (Fig. 3 a, b).Published as part of Naruse, Tohru, Quynh, Nguyen Xuan & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2011, Three new species of Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) from Vietnam, with a redescription of Ranguna (Ranguna) kimboiensis Dang, 1975, pp. 33-48 in Zootaxa 2732 on pages 41-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20092
Experimental and computational investigations on fire resistance of GFRP composite for building façade
No full textComposite materials such as glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRPs) possess the advantages of high strength and stiffness, as well as low density and highly flexible tailoring; therefore, their potential in replacing conventional materials (such as concrete, aluminium and steel) in building façade has become attractive. This paper addresses one of the major issues that hinder the extensive use of composite structures in the high-rise building industry, which is the fire resistance. In this study, a fire performance enhancement strategy for multilayer composite sandwich panels, which are comprised of GFRP composite facets and polyethylene foam core, is proposed with the addition of environmentally friendly, fire retardant unsaturated polyester resins and gel-coats. A series of burning experimental studies including thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and single burning item (SBI) are carried out on the full scale composite sandwich as well as on single constituents, providing information regarding heat release rate, total heat release, fire growth rate, and smoke production. Experimental results are compared with fire safety codes for building materials to identify the key areas for improvements. A fire dynamic numerical model has been developed in this work using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to simulate the burning process of composite structures in the SBI test. Numerical results of heat production and growth rate are presented in comparison with experimental observations validating the computational model and provide further insights into the fire resisting process. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of fire retardant additives on the fire performance of the composite sandwich panel leading to optimum designs for the sandwich panel
Indochinamon dangi Naruse, Quynh & Yeo, 2011, n. sp.
No full text<i>Indochinamon dangi</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 6 c, d, 9d–f, 10, 11)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: male (60.3 by 46.9 mm) (ZMHU), Upstream and water fall of Muong Phang stream, Muong Phang, Dien Bien Prov., 21˚27.000'N 103˚10.548'E, 1070m asl, coll. D. C. J. Yeo & A. D. Tran, 28 Jul. 2004.</p> <p>Paratypes: 1 male (44.5 by 34.2 mm), 1 female (46.4 by 34.6 mm) (ZMHU), 4 males (29.6 by 23.0 – 48.4 by 37.6 mm), 2 females (45.2 by 33.9, 36.7 by 28.1 mm) (ZRC 2010.0175), same data as holotype; 2 males (41.9 by 32.3, 37.7 by 29.3 mm), 2 females (34.6 by 27.0, 24.0 by 19.1 mm) (ZMHU), 4 males (26.7 by 20.7 – 41.8 by 32.2 mm), 1 female (46.7 by 35.5 mm) (ZRC 2010.0176), Muong Phang stream, Muong Phang, Dien Bien Prov., 21˚27.159'N 103˚09.921'E, 976m asl, coll. D. C. J. Yeo & A. D. Tran, 26 Jul. 2004.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace (Fig. 10 a) oval, CW 1.26–1.32 times (mean 1.30, n = 10) CL, dorsal surface (Fig. 11 a) flat, regions well defined; epigastric, postfrontal cristae distinct, oblique, postorbital crista separated from epigastric crista, externally terminated by cervical groove, anterolateral region scattered with oblique granules. Frontal to orbital margins cristate, infraorbital margin lined with small, rounded granules, infraorbital margin (Fig. 11 a) interrupted just below external orbital angle; suborbital region smooth, without granules; subhepatic region covered with short rows of low granules. External orbital angle at right angle, slightly directed inwards, outer margin length about one and a half times inner margin, outer margin cristate, epibranchial tooth disconnected from outer margin of external orbital angle by short gap of crista, short, not clearly larger than following granules; anterolateral margin moderately convex laterally, cristate, regularly lined with low, similar-sized granules, posterolateral margins convergent posteriorly. Posterior margin of epistome with one long lobe (Fig. 11 a).</p> <p>Ischium of third maxilliped broadly rectangular exopod flagellum longer than half width of merus.</p> <p>Male cheliped carpus with rugose outer surface, inner angle with sharp, long tooth, followed vento-proximally by one small tooth; male chela (Fig. 11 b) with swollen palm, rugose; fingers as long as palm, straight, slightly hook-shaped distally, cutting edge regularly lined with teeth, without gape when closed.</p> <p>Male abdomen tongue-shaped, first segment with longitudinal ridge on middle; third segment widest; sixth segment shorter than telson, telson longer than width, lateral margin concave.</p> <p>G1 (Figs. 9 d, e) with distal fifth bent outwards at about 90°; subterminal segment with wide convexity on proximal two-fifths of outer margin, distal part of outer margin weakly concave, connected dorsally to shallow transverse slope; distal segment relatively stout, tip abruptly narrowed in dorsal view, outwards in anterior view, groove for G2 on extensor (anterior) surface, elongated opening on flexor (posterior) surface, dorsal flap absent. G2 (Fig. 9 f) longer than G1, flagellum curving outwards, J-shaped.</p> <p> <b>Live colouration</b>. The dorsal carapace, anteriorly to the upper half of the third maxillipeds (from the palp to the upper part of the ischium) and anterolaterally to the suborbital, pterygostomial, subhepatic, and subbranchial regions, as well as the chelipeds, and walking legs, are mostly dark brownish-grey. The anterolateral margins show some traces of orange colour. The margins of the external orbital angle and orbital, the frontal margin, and the posterior margin of the epistome are orange in colour. The distal part of the fingers of the chelae are bright orange with white tips, the orange colour spreading to the lower half and cutting edge of the movable finger and to most of the fixed finger (Fig. 6 c, d).</p> <p> <b>Habitat and distribution.</b> The species was collected from a small (about 1m wide), shallow stream in a secondary forest area near a rice field, with slow flowing water over, sandy and rocky substratum in the Dien Bien Province (north-western Vietnam).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The new species is named after Professor Dang Ngoc Thanh (Vietnam National Centre for Natural Science and Technology) for his significant contributions to the study of freshwater biodiversity and carcinology in Vietnam.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Indochinamon dangi</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is morphologically similar to <i>I. lipkei</i> (Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993) [type locality: Chiang Khong District, Chiang Rai Province, northwestern Thailand], especially in its strongly bent G1. However <i>I. dangi</i> <b>n. sp.</b> can be distinguished from <i>I. lipkei</i> by the oblique epigastric and postfrontal cristae (vs. straight), almost obliquely straight infraorbital margin (vs. ventrally convex infraorbital margin), distally narrowed telson (vs. moderately narrowed), almost perpendicularly bent distal segment with abruptly narrowed tip (vs. less bent terminal segment with gradually tapered tip) (Figs. 9 d, e, 10a, 11a; Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993: Figs. 12A, B, 47B– E).</p>Published as part of <i>Naruse, Tohru, Quynh, Nguyen Xuan & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2011, Three new species of Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) from Vietnam, with a redescription of Ranguna (Ranguna) kimboiensis Dang, 1975, pp. 33-48 in Zootaxa 2732</i> on pages 44-47, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200924">10.5281/zenodo.200924</a>
FIGURE 2 in Ceriscoides glabra (Gardenieae: Rubiaceae), a new species from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam
No full textFIGURE 2. Ceriscoides glabra: morphology of female flower. A. Branch with 1-flowered inflorescence. B. Flower (top view). C. Flower (side view). D. Flower (longitudinal section). Quang et al. KCR 46. Photos by H.Q. Bui, correction and design by M. Nuraliev.Published as part of Binh, Tran Duc, Quang, Bui Hong, Cuong, Nguyen The, Quynh, Ha Quy, Hoan, Duong Thi, Hai, Do Van, Nguyen, Khang Sinh & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2022, Ceriscoides glabra (Gardenieae: Rubiaceae), a new species from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam, pp. 158-164 in Phytotaxa 574 (2) on page 161, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/738085
Indochinamon bavi Naruse, Quynh & Yeo, 2011, n. sp.
No full text<i>Indochinamon bavi</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 3 d–f, 4, 5, 6e, f)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: male (56.8 by 42.9 mm) (ZMHU), Ba Vi National Park, Ha Tay Province, Vietnam, coll. V. Q. Nguyen, 19 Jun. 2001.</p> <p>Paratypes: 2 males (46.9 by 35.8, 47.5 by 36.3 mm) (ZRC 2010.0167), same data as holotype; 1 male (49.1 by 38.6 mm) (NMNS), Ba Vi National Park, Ha Tay Province, Vietnam, coll., 3 Jul. 1998; 1 male (57.0 by 43.0 mm) (ZMHU), Ba Vi National Park, Ha Tay Province, Vietnam, a small stream at the park's main road, ca. 9.5km from park's headquarter, elevation ca. 600m, coll. Tran Anh Duc & Yuchen Ang, 11 Jun. 2010; 1 male (24.5 by 20.0 mm) (ZMHU), Ba Vi National Park, a small stream near the park's main road, at elevation ca. 450m, coll. Tran Anh Duc & Yuchen Ang, 11 Jun. 2010.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace (Fig. 4 a) oval, CW 1.27–1.32 times (mean 1.30, n = 4) CL, dorsal surface (Fig. 5 a) slightly convex longitudinally, transversely, regions well defined; epigastric crista distinct, oblique, postorbital crista distinct, separated from epigastric crista, externally terminated by cervical groove, anterolateral region scattered with oblique granules. Frontal to orbital margins cristate, lined with low, rounded granules, infraorbital margin (Fig. 5 a) interrupted just below external orbital angle; suborbital region smooth, without granules; subhepatic region covered with short rows of granules. External orbital angle right angled, slightly directed inwards, outer margin length about two times inner margin, outer margin cristate, lined with small granules, epibranchial tooth disconnected from outer margin of external orbital angle by short gap of crista, short, directed anteriorly; anterolateral margin moderately convex laterally, cristate, regularly lined with similar-sized granules, posterolateral margins convergent posteriorly. Posterior margin of epistome (Fig. 5 a) with three lobes, median longest, narrow, sharp, margin between median, lateral lobes composed of elongated granules.</p> <p>Ischium of third maxilliped broadly rectangular exopod flagellum longer than half width of merus.</p> <p>Male cheliped carpus with rugose outer surface, inner angle with sharp, long tooth, followed ventro-proximally by one to two small teeth; chela with swollen palm, scattered with low, rounded granules from outer to lower half of inner surfaces (Fig. 5 b); fingers as long as palm, straight, slightly hook-shaped distally, cutting edge regularly lined with teeth, without gap when closed. Male abdomen (Fig. 4 b) tongue-shaped, first somite with distal margin rimmed; second somite with sublateral notch on distal margin, forming rounded lateral lobes; third somite widest; sixth somite longer than telson, telson longer than width. G1 (Fig. 3 d, e) with distal third curved outwards; subterminal segment with wide convexity on proximal two-fifths of outer margin, distal part of outer margin concave, connected dorsally to shallow transverse slope; distal segment relatively stout, tip slightly directed proximally in dorsal view, dorso-outwards in anterior view, groove for G2 on dorso-lateral surface medially, on lateral surface distally, proximally, elongated opening on distal outer margin, dorsal flap (protuberance of ventral outer surface) low, slightly visible from dorsal view. G2 (Fig. 3 f) longer than G1, flagellum curving outwards, U-shaped.</p> <p> <b>Live colouration.</b> The dorsal carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs are mostly brownish-grey. The upper half of the third maxillipeds (from the palp to the anterior part of the ischium) and the suborbital, pterygostomial, subhepatic, and subbranchial regions are a light purplish. The fingers of the chelae are reddish-brown with the tips white, and the chela is dark to light reddish-brown (Fig. 6 e, f).</p> <p> <b>Habitat and distribution.</b> This species was collected from a mountain stream in a forested area, with a rock, sand and sometimes muddy bottom, at Ba Vi National Park in northern Vietnam. It is so far known only from its type locality.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The new species is named after the type locality, Ba Vi National Park. The name is used as noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Indochinamon bavi</i> <b>n. sp.</b> can be distinguished from <i>I. kimboiense</i> by the characters of the chela, the carapace, and the G1. In <i>I. bavi</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, the palm of the chela is only sparsely granular (Fig. 5 b), the suborbital region of the carapace lacks granules, smooth (Fig. 5 a), and the opening of the distal tip of the G1 is placed laterally (Fig. 3 d, e). In contrast, <i>I. kimboiense</i> has the palm of the chela densely granular (Fig. 2 b), the suborbital region of the carapace is granular (Fig. 2 a), and the distal opening of the G1 is placed on ventral surface (Figs. 3 a, b).</p>Published as part of <i>Naruse, Tohru, Quynh, Nguyen Xuan & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2011, Three new species of Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) from Vietnam, with a redescription of Ranguna (Ranguna) kimboiensis Dang, 1975, pp. 33-48 in Zootaxa 2732</i> on pages 37-41, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200924">10.5281/zenodo.200924</a>
FIGURE 3 in Ceriscoides glabra (Gardenieae: Rubiaceae), a new species from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam
No full textFIGURE 3. Ceriscoides glabra: morphology of fruit and thorns; photos C–H taken from dried material. A. Fruit (side view). B. Fruit (longitudinal section). C. Thorn with lateral bud. D, E. Nodes of long shoots with axillary thorns. F. Fruit (cross section). G, H. Fruits (longitudinal sections; seeds removed in H). Quang et al. KCR 46 (A) and Quang, Binh KCR II 58 (B–H). Photos by H.Q. Bui, correction and design by M. Nuraliev.Published as part of Binh, Tran Duc, Quang, Bui Hong, Cuong, Nguyen The, Quynh, Ha Quy, Hoan, Duong Thi, Hai, Do Van, Nguyen, Khang Sinh & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2022, Ceriscoides glabra (Gardenieae: Rubiaceae), a new species from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam, pp. 158-164 in Phytotaxa 574 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/738085
Phallostethus cuulong Shibukawa, Tran & Tran, 2012, new species
No full textPhallostethus cuulong, new species New Vietnamese name: Cá bụng đầu (Figures 1–4) Holotype. ZRC 53233, male, 24.2 mm SL, a branch of Hau River (a distributary of Mekong), Cu Lao Dung, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam (9 ° 30.8 ’ N, 106 ° 13.7 ’ E), 0–0.5 m depth, 31 July 2009, collected by K. Shibukawa. Paratypes. Total eight specimens (five males and three females), 20.0– 24.5 mm SL: CTU-P 2327, 1 specimen (female), 23.7 mm SL, Duyen Hai, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam (9 ° 40.9 ’ N, 106 ° 30.7 ’ E), 0.3–0.8 m depths, 5 April 2009, collected by K. Shibukawa, V.V. Tran and L.X. Tran; CTU-P 2494, 1 specimen (male), 22.5 mm SL, My Thanh River (a distributary of Mekong), Vinh Chau, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam (9 ° 22.7 ’ N, 106 ° 0.7 ’ E), 0.5–1.2 m depths, 1 August 2009, collected by H.P. Ha, V.V. Tran and L.X. Tran; CTU-P 5020, 1 specimen (male, cleared and stained), 23.5 mm SL, Cho Lach, Ben Tre, Vietnam (10 ° 10.5 ’ N, 106 °. 8.9 ’ E), 0.5 m depth, 3 February 2010, collected by L.X. Tran; NSMT-P 106664, 1 specimen (male), 20.0 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; NSMT-P 106665, 1 specimen (female), 22.0 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; USNM 404477, 1 specimen (female), 23.8 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; USNM 404478, 1 specimen (male), 20.3 mm SL, Cau Ke, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam (9 ° 57.1 ’ N, 106 ° 1.8 ’ E), 0.5–3.5 m depths, 28 May 2010, collected by L.X. Tran; USNM 404479, 1 specimen (male, cleared and stained), 24.5 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 5020. Diagnosis. Phallostethus cuulong is distinguished from congeners in having following characters: seven serrae on the second ctenactinium in adult males (vs. five and eight in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i, respectively); 11–13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 9–10 and 12 in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i, respectively); 11–14 + 25-26 = 37–40 vertebrae (vs. 13 + 27 = 40 and 12 + 28 = 40 in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i); approximately 5–19 teeth on paradentary (vs. 15–20 and 28 or more in P. dunckeri and P. le h i, respectively). All six examined males are dextral (vs. one and two known males of P. dunckeri are sinistral and dextral respectively, and all four know males of P. l e h i are sinistral). Description. Counts of the holotype are asterisked, and the frequency of each count is given in parentheses following the relevant count. Dorsal-fin rays 7 (2), 8 * (6) or 9 (1); anal-fin rays 24 * (4), 25 (1), 26 (3) or 27 (1); pectoral-fin rays 11 (2), 12 * (7) or 13 * (9); scales in lateral series 34 (5), 35 * (10) or 36 (3); predorsal scales 1 + 25 (1), 2 + 25 (1), 2 + 26 (4) or 2 + 27 * (3); transverse scales 6 (3), 7 * (12) or 8 * (3); circumpeduncular scales 12 * (8) or 13 (1); paradentary teeth approximately 5 (1), 6 (3), 7 (3), 8 (3), 10 (1), 13 * (1), 14 (2), 15 * (1), 18 (2) or 19 (1). The following measurements are % of SL: head length 22.1–24.1; snout length 7.0– 8.5; eye diameter 6.7–7.3; interorbital width 3.3–5.2; length of jaw 8.0– 9.4; predorsal length 78.0– 82.6; preanal length 46.4–48.7; maximum body depth 15.0– 18.7; body depth at anal-fin origin 12.4 –15.0; body width 9.4 –14.0; caudal-peduncle length 18.6–20.7; caudal-peduncle depth 5.6–7.6; length of dorsal-fin base 9.1–10.5; length of anal-fin base 32.3–36.7; pectoral-fin length 14.6–19.1; caudal-fin length 20.1–22.4. Head depressed anteriorly, with flat or barely concave interorbital space. Dorsal surface of head with membranous dome when alive or freshly collected (which can be seen in the cleared and stained specimens, e.g., Fig. 4), but shrunken and not apparent in alcohol specimen. Snout rather pointed. Eyes lateral on head, large, diameter slightly less than snout length. Mouth terminal or subterminal; jaws small, barely extend to a level of anterior margin of eye; upper jaws highly protractile. Body compressed, moderately deep. Anus and urogenital openings anterior, ventral to pectoral-fin base. A slightly frayed, fleshy membranous mid-ventral keel between urogenital opening and anal-fin origin. In males, a distinct mid-ventral groove, deepened and widened anteriorly, supports the priapium and mid-ventral keel. Pectoral fin falcate, the uppermost branched ray longest in most specimens; pectoral-fin rays branched, except for the uppermost 1 (uppermost nubby ossicle not included here; see “Materials and Methods” above) and lowermost 1–2 rays unbranched. Pelvic fin absent in males, present but rudimentary in females (Fig. 3). First dorsal fin absent; origin of second dorsal fin at, or slightly before, a level of posterior end of anal-fin base; anterior 2–3 rays simple, whereas the other rays branched. Anal fin with a long base, commencing well before midlength; anterior 2–4 rays simple, whereas the other rays branched. Caudal fin emarginate, symmetrical dorsoventrally. Male bilaterally asymmetric, dextral; namely, seminal papilla offset to right side of body (= aproctal side), and anus offset to left side of body (= proctal side); a long rod-like toxactinium curved from left to right; a large fleshy pad, the pulvinulus, covers articulation point of toxactinium and aproctal axial bone (Fig. 3). Scales on body cycloid, moderately large and deciduous; scales on abdomen largest; body entirely scaled, except for pectoral-fin base, mid-ventral groove before anal-fin origin, and mid-predorsal narrow naked space slightly behind occipital region; head and fins naked, except for posterior part of occipital region and basal part of caudal fin with some scales. Teeth on premaxilla and dentary unicuspid, slightly curved inward. Paradentary slender (as in Phallostethus dunckeri illustrated by Parenti, 1984: 4, fig. 1), with 5–19 minute teeth laterally; teeth on paradentary form a uniserial row or, in some larger specimens, biserial rows; teeth on inner row, if present, much smaller than those on outer row. Cephalic sensory canals reduced, comprising: two short infraorbital canals (each with terminal pores only) anteriorly and anteroventrally to eye; preopercular canal (with 6–7 pores). Main external bones in males including a long, curved toxactinium and a short stout ctenactinium with seven serrae dorsally (not including a hook-like distal tip); two smallest males examined (CTU-P 2493 and USNM 404478, 20.0– 20.3 mm SL) bearing 5–6 serrae on ctenactinium, assumued to represent the immature condition (and not included in the diagnosis, above). First pleural rib attached to fifth vertebra in males, fourth in females; first pleural rib in female much shorter than in male. Branchiostegal rays 4. Color when alive or freshly collected. Body subtranslucent in life, but whitish immediately after death (Fig. 1); a bright white blotch over brain when alive (assumed to fade just after death); iris silvery; minute melanophores scattered on snout, cheek and jaws; a melanophore at angle of lower jaw; a large reddish yellow blotch, slightly smaller than eye, at mid-lateral caudal fin base; male priapium with several large and small melanophores, particularly on the aproctal side (= right side in the new species) just anterior to the base of second ctenactinium; a series of minute black dots along mid-lateral septum of body musculature at least on caudal part of body; inner side of pectoral fin with many melanophores at least dorsally (the area with melanophores much more broader in females than in males); a series of mid-ventral black dots from anal-fin origin to caudal-fin base; other fins transparent. Color in alcohol. Head and body pale straw-colored; a series of irregular-sized melanophores (several of them dash-like) along midlateral septum of body musculature (at least on caudal part); paired patches of melanophores on anterior part of snout dorsally; many melanophores scattered on head above neurocranium, those posterior distinctly larger than those anterior; a melanophore at angle of lower jaw; a patch of minute gular melanophores; two patches of melanophores at throat and just behind urogenital opening in females; male priapium with several large and small melanophores, particularly on the aproctal side (= right side in this species) just anterior to the base of second ctenactinium; a mid-ventral series of black dots from anal- to caudal-fin bases, each along anal-fin base on interspace between fin rays (continuous and forming a irregular blackish gray line in some specimens); inner side of pectoral fin with many melanophores dorsally (the area with melanophores much broader in females than in males); caudal fin covered by numerous minute melanophores; other fins transparent. Distribution, habitat and the other notes. Phallostethus cuulong is known from nine specimens, six males and three females, collected from shallow waters (<1.2m depth) around banks of slow-flowing turbid canals and rivers with soft muddy bottoms in Soc Trang and Tra Vinh Provinces, Vietnam. The first author (KS) observed that a fish, latter designated as one of the paratypes of Phallostethus cuulong (NSMT-P 106665), swam slowly at the water surface around a bank of the slow-flowing tidal canal with dense semi-aquatic vegetation. A bright white blotch on dorsal surface of head was clearly confirmed in the field, but less vivid than that of the sympatric aplocheilid, Aplocheilus panchax (well-known for its reflective “pineal” spot on the top of the head). When the fish was disturbed, it quickly swam a short distance away from the original position; it was subsequently scooped up carefully using a hand net by KS. The species was usually solitary, and collected by hand nets or seine nets. Like the other phallostethids in the Vietnamese Mekong, this species has never been seen in the fish markets. As far as we aware, all fishes of the family Phallostethidae have no vernacular names in the Vietnamese Mekong (except for the new species herein named), since they are usually overlooked. Etymology. The specific name, cuulong, is the Vietnamese name of the Mekong delta (Cưu Long), where the type series of the new species was collected. The name, here applied as a noun in apposition, means “nine dragons,” in reference to nine distributaries of the Mekong basin in Vietnam. Remarks. Following the key to genera of phallostethid fishes by Parenti (1989), the new species is clearly assigned to Phallostethus by having the combination of, e.g., shield-like pulvinulus, large seminal papilla, long toxactinium, membranous dome on dorsal surface of head, 24–27 anal-fin rays, 37–40 vertebrae, serrated ctenactinium, non-projecting lower jaw beyond upper jaw, no first dorsal fin, and 7–9 second dorsal-fin rays. In particular, no other phallostethid genera are known that bear 24 or more anal-fin rays (vs. 22 or less anal-fin rays in the other phallostethids). Within the genus, the new species resembles the Bornean species Phallostethus lehi in sharing 11–13 pectoral-fin rays, but differs in having seven serrae on second ctenactinium in adult (vs. eight in P. l e h i), 25–26 caudal vertebrae (vs. 28), and 6–19 paradentary teeth (vs. 28 or more). All six examined males of the new species are dextral, immediately distinguishing them from sinistral males in P. l e h i. The new species is also distinguished from Phallostethus dunckeri, known only from Johor, Malay Peninsula but presumed to be extinct (Parenti, 1996), by having seven serrae on second ctenactinium in adults (vs. five in P. d u n c k e r i), 11–13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 9–10), and 25–26 caudal vertebrae (vs. 27). Sexual dimorphism in the pleural ribs was reported from Phallostethus lehi by Parenti (1996); according to her, the species has the first pair of pleural ribs on the fifth vertebrae in males, the fourth vertebrae in females. This dimorphism is also found in Phallostethus cuulong. Furthermore, P. cuulong appears to show sexual dimorphism in the number of precaudal vertebrae: all six males examined have 13–14 precaudal vertebrae, as against 11–12 in all three females examined. Although Parenti & Louie (1998) reported similar sexual dimorphism in vertebral counts from four species of Neostethus, hitherto it has never been known from the other species of Phallostethus.Published as part of Shibukawa, Koichi, Tran, Dinh Dac & Tran, Loi Xuan, 2012, Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong, pp. 45-51 in Zootaxa 3363 on pages 46-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28164
Rhyacobates zetteli Tran & Nguyen, 2016, sp.n.
No full textRhyacobates zetteli sp.n. (Figs. 12–23) Material examined. Holotype (apterous female) and allotype (apterous male), Vietnam, Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N'Park, Nui Xe, Suoi Vang, 22 ° 20.835 ’N 103 ° 46.446 ’E, 1366 m asl., coll. Tran A.D., 4 July 2004, TAD0417 (ZMHU). Paratypes: VIETNAM: Lao Cai Prov.: 11 males, 13 females (apterous), same locality data as holotype (ZMHU, ZRC, NHMW); 1 female (macropterous, de-alated), Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N'Park, Nui Xe, a small water flow, 22 ° 21.110 ’N 103 ° 46.216 ’E, 1978 m asl., coll. Tran A.D., 4 July 2004, TAD0418 (ZRC); 1 female (apterous), Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, feeder stream of Vang stream, 22 ° 20.020 ’N 103 ° 46.223 ’E, 1904 m als., coll. Tran A.D. et al., 25 October 2013, TAD 1357 (ZMHU). Description. Size: males (apterous), length 7.30–7.70 (allotype 7.55), width 2.44–2.67 (allotype 2.54); females, length 9.8–10.6 (holotype 10.5), width 3.04–3.58 (holotype 3.41) (apterous), length 10.3, width 3.36 (macropterous, de-alated). Colour (Figs. 12, 13): Dorsum of body mainly black or brown, covered with golden and silvery pubescence. Head yellow with 2 (male) or 3 (female) small black markings dorsally. Antennae mainly black, segment 4 with whitish area in distal two-fifths. Pronotum mainly yellow with black outer margin. Pronotum in macropterous form (female) with black anterior margin, anterior part (before pronotal lobe) yellow, pronotal lobe black with thin longitudinal yellow stripe, lateral and posterior margins yellow. Mesonotum in apterous form black with broad yellow median marking from anterior to posterior margins; median marking of females broader than in males. Metanotum with expanded yellow marking (broader in females). Abdominal terga mainly black or brown, with yellow-brown connexiva. Venter of female mainly light yellow, except anterior half of mesosterno-pleuron black or brown, with median light yellow marking confluent with light coloured posterior part. Venter of male, mesosternopleuron mainly black or brown, with long light yellow triangular marking on posterior half, abdominal venter light yellow. All coxae and trochanters yellow. Fore femur yellow with light brown dorsal stripe. Middle and hind femora yellow-brown at basal part, dark brown or black at distal part. All tibiae and tarsi dark brown or black. Apterous female (holotype): Head width 1.56, interocular width 0.76, eye length (dorsal view) 0.63. Lengths of antennal segments 1–4: 4.02: 1.08: 1.49: 1.12. Pronotum broader than long, length 0.76, width 1.86; mesonotum length 1.51, metanotum length 0.56. All coxae with rings of dark bristle-like hairs at apical margins. Fore trochanter with long hairs on ventral side. Lengths of leg segments (femur: tibia: tarsus 1: tarsus 2): fore leg: 4.48: 4.07: 2.01: 0.98; middle leg: 12.30: 7.65: 4.17: 0.46; hind leg: 12.50: 6.75: 0.22: 0.32. Fore femur slender (width 0.44), with row of 11 long dark bristle-like hairs and scattered soft long hairs on venter, sub-apical part with small tooth-like elevation (Fig. 14). Abdomen (Figs. 20, 21) straight, prolonged, ventral length 5.10. Connexival margin narrow. Each connexival corner of segment 6 with small blunt process (Fig. 21). Abdominal segment 7 prolonged, almost completely enclosing genital segments, tergum 7 medially produced on posterior margin; sternum 7 (length 1.68) slightly more than 1.5 times as long as tergum 7 (length 1.02), posterior margin of sternum 7 bilobate; posterolateral corner of abdominal segment 7 with small blunt process (Figs. 20, 21), sometimes bent inwards thus not visible in lateral view (Fig. 23). Apterous male (allotype): Head width 1.45, interocular width 0.70, eye length 0.60. Lengths of antennal segments 1–4: 4.02: 1.06: 1.56: 1.11. Pronotum broader than long, length 0.73, width 1.68; mesonotum length 2.08, metanotum length 0.69. Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: 4.41: 3.82: 1.27: 0.91; middle leg: 12.00: 7.10: 3.72: 0.46; hind leg: 11.70: 7.55: 0.21: 0.30. Fore femur with similar pubescence as in apterous female, sub-apical part also with small tooth, width of fore femur 0.51. Middle trochanter with 6–7 spines at distal part, middle femur with spines but not in distinct row (Fig. 15). Other leg structures similar to those of female. Abdomen relatively short, ventral length 2.74. Length of sternum 7: 0.43, posterior margin straight. Genitalia: directed slightly downwards; venter of abdominal segment 8 length (in-situ) 0.24; proctiger relatively widened, with broadly angular lobes laterally (Fig. 16); pygophore of moderate size, apical margin almost straight; paramere relatively long and slender, curved at distal two-thirds, setae not distinct (Figs. 17, 18); endosomal sclerites as in Fig. 19. De-alated macropterous female: Head width 1.52, interocular width 0.78, eye length 0.67. Lengths of antennal segments 1–4: 4.12: 1.11: 1.52: 1.22. Pronotum covering most of mesonotum, length 3.23, width (across humeri) 2.71; metanotum length 0.62. Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: 4.31: 4.02: 1.98: 1.03, width of fore femur 0.44; middle leg: 12.30: 7.60: 4.17: 0.48; hind leg: 12.40: 6.60: 0.21: 0.29. Other structural characteristics similar to apterous females. Macropterous male: unknown. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Herbert Zettel (Natural History Museum Vienna) for his great contribution to the knowledge of aquatic bugs of Southeast Asia, and for enthusiastically supporting the first author in the field of water bug research. Remarks. Rhyacobates zetteli sp.n. differs from all of its congeners in the combination of following characters: the unique dorsal colour pattern of the body (Figs. 12, 13); the abdomen of the female is straight; each connexival corner of segment 6 has a small, blunt process (Fig. 21); abdominal segment 7 of the female is prolonged and in lateral view, tapers apically (Figs. 21–23), the connexival margin of sternum 7 is much shorter than the ventral length (Figs. 21, 23); the connexival corner of sternum 7 of the female is produced into a small blunt process (Fig. 21), the posterior margin of sternum 7 is bilobate, but without a median process (Fig. 22). The shape of the paramere of this new species is similar to that of R. gongvo, but males of the latter can be separated from this new species by other characteristics, i.e., colouration, shape of the proctiger and endosomal structures. Both new species, Rhyacobates angustus sp.n. and R. zetteli sp.n., are closely related to each other, as both taxa possess the prolonged and rather straight abdomen of the female, the posteromedian process on tergum 7 of the female, and the sub-apical tooth-like elevation on the fore femur of the female. In the subfamily Ptilomerinae, similar modification on the posterior margin of female tergum 7 is previously known only in the genus Stridulobates Zettel & Thirumalai, 2001 a (see Zettel & Thirumalai 2001 a: Figs. 15, 16). However, in species of Stridulobates, tergum 7 of the female is prolonged and covers most of tergum 8, whereas in R. angustus sp.n. and R. zetteli sp.n., tergum 7 is shorter and covers only a small anterior portion of tergum 8. Other characteristics, e.g., the absence of a metanotal process in females, the lack of a "stridulatory device" on the middle trochanter and sterna 2–6 in males, also suggests that R. angustus sp.n. and R. zetteli sp.n. do not belong to Stridulobates. Additionally, males of R. angustus sp.n. and R. zetteli sp.n. clearly differ from males of Stridulobates in the shape of the parameres and structure of endosoma (see Matsuda 1960: Figs. 677, 679; Zettel & Thirumalai 2001 a: Figs. 9, 10). Rhyacobates angustus sp.n. and R. zetteli sp.n. can be easily separated from each other by the yellow median markings on the nota, the shape of the male proctiger and paramere, and the structures of female sternum 7. In R. angustus sp.n., yellow markings on the pro- and mesonota are slender (the metanotum of the male is totally black and without yellow marking, the metanotum of the female is with very slender with a yellow median marking; the male proctiger has a rounded lobe on each side) (Fig. 3); the apex of the male paramere is more abruptly narrowed (Figs. 4, 5), sternum 7 of the female has large, sub-triangular connexival processes and a broadly-arched posterior margin (Figs. 8–10). In R. zetteli sp.n., yellow markings on the nota of both sexes are broad; the male proctiger has a broadly angular lobe on each side; the male paramere gradually tapers apically (Figs. 17, 18); sternum 7 of the female has small blunt connexival processes (Fig. 21), the posterior margin of sternum 7 is bilobate (Fig. 22). Habitats. Most specimens of Rhyacobates zetteli sp.n. were collected in a shaded and fast flowing mountain stream at an elevation of over 1800 m (Fig. 11). They were found skating in schools of numerous individuals: adults and nymphs in a mixture of which the nymphs were predominant. Seasonal fluctuation in population size and ratios of nymphs to adults are still unknown. The individuals of this species were also found often resting on partially submerged rocks in the middle the stream, as do other species of Rhyacobates (Esaki 1923; Tran & Yang 2006). One macropterous specimen (with a de-alated wing) was found in an unshaded, tiny water flow (locality TAD0418), which continues underground and was ca. 500 m from the main stream (locality TAD0417). None of the specimens found in the main stream were the macropterous form. This observation suggests that this species has good flying ability (probably for dispersal), but upon migrating, the macropterous individuals were likely to have their wings broken off. Distribution. Vietnam: Lao Cai.Published as part of Tran, A. D. & Nguyen, X. Q., 2016, Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam, pp. 501-516 in Zootaxa 4121 (5) on pages 505-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27168
Effects of micro-environmental factors on the photoautotrophic growth of Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz cultured in vitro
No full textThe arrow leaf abelmoschus rhizome (Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz), or Sam Bo Chinhin Vietnamese, is a perennial suffrutex herb from which the tuber root is used as a medicine in folk remedy. This species is widely distributed and can be found on many terrains across South East Asia. With an aim to create a large number of uniform and high-quality H. sagittifolius transplants in vitro, effects of some environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature on the photoautotrophic growth of H. sagittifoliusin vitro plants were investigated. In vitro single nodal cuttings, each with an unfolded leaf, were cultured photoautotrophically (without sucrose and vitamins) on mineral SH medium, under light intensity of 150 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 24oC ± 2oC, relative humidity (RH) of 55% ± 5% and three different photoperiods (8, 12 or 16 h d-1) in the first experiment. Commercial polypropylene bags (V = 1,000 ml), attached with two filter-paper membranes, were used as culture vessels. After 42 days of culture, H. sagittifolius plants under the photoperiod of 16 h d-1 had the greatestincreased fresh weight (502.3 mg/plt), increased dry weight (39.5 mg/plt) and leaf area (17.0 cm2) than those put under 8 hd-1or 12 h d-1. In addition, H. sagittifolius plants also showed statistical differences in growth when photoautotrophically cultured in different air temperature regimes, including 28/25oC (photo-/dark period), 25/25oC and 20/25oC. Increased fresh weight (775 mg/plt), increased dry weight (62 mg/plt) and leaf area (22.7 cm2) of in vitro H. sagittifolius plants were the greatest when temperature was maintained at 28 oC during photoperiod. On the contrary, the photoperiod temperature of 20oC resulted in the shortest shoot length and root length of H. sagittifoliusplants. In conclusion, this study proved that H. sagittifolius plants had the best growth when cultured on SH medium, without sucrose and vitamins supplementation, under light intensity of 150 µmol m-2 s-1, RH 55% ± 5%, photoperiod of 16 h d-1, temperature regime of 28/25oC(photo-/dark period). Citation: Nguyen Thuy Phuong Duyen, Tran Thi Van, Nguyen Le Thu Minh, Nguyen Thi Quynh, 2017. Effects of micro-environmental factors on the photoautotrophic growth of Hibiscus sagittifolius Kurz cultured in vitro. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(4): 496-506. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n4.11030. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 7 September 2017, accepted 15 December 2017</jats:p
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