8 research outputs found
Gestión de riesgos en el mejoramiento de los servicios de salud Progreso, Chimbote - Ancash
No full textLa presente tesis tiene como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta de gestión de
riesgos para el proyecto ""Mejoramiento de los servicios de salud en Progreso
Chimbote - Ancash"", con el fin de reducir y gestionar efectivamente las posibles
amenazas e imprevistos durante su ejecución. La metodología empleada es mixta,
combinando métodos analíticos y descriptivos, y se basa en la guía del Project
Management Institute (PMI) para la gestión de riesgos. Se llevaron a cabo
actividades de recolección de datos mediante la revisión de expedientes técnicos,
observación en campo y entrevistas con los involucrados en el proyecto.
En los resultados se identificaron 33 riesgos potenciales que podrían afectar el
proyecto en sus diferentes fases. Estos riesgos fueron analizados cualitativamente
elaborándose una matriz de riesgos que incluye estrategias de mitigación
específicas para cada uno. De igual forma se realizó el análisis de riesgos
cuantitativos al expediente técnico en el presupuesto y la programación de obra. La
implementación de la propuesta de gestión de riesgos permitió una adecuada
identificación y gestión de las amenazas, lo que resultó en la reducción de su
impacto en el proyecto.
La investigación concluye que un plan de gestión de riesgos bien estructurado es
crucial para el éxito del proyecto. La aplicación de la metodología del PMI en la
gestión de riesgos contribuyó significativamente a la identificación y mitigación de
riesgos, asegurando que el proyecto cumpla con sus objetivos en términos de
calidad, tiempo y costo. Se recomienda la actualización continua del plan de riesgos
y la capacitación del equipo de proyecto para mantener la eficacia del plan de
gestión de riesgosThe aim of this thesis is to develop a risk management proposal for the
""Improvement of Health Services in Progreso Chimbote - Ancash"" project, with the
goal of effectively reducing and managing potential threats and unforeseen events
during its execution. The methodology employed is mixed, combining analytical
and descriptive methods, and is based on the Project Management Institute (PMI)
guide for risk management. Data collection activities were carried out through the
review of technical files, field observation, and interviews with those involved in
the project.
The results identified 33 potential risks that could affect the project in its different
phases. These risks were qualitatively analyzed, resulting in a risk matrix that
includes specific mitigation strategies for each one. Quantitative risk analysis was
also performed on the technical file regarding the budget and project schedule. The
implementation of the risk management proposal allowed for the proper
identification and management of threats, which led to a reduction in their impact
on the project..
The research concludes that a well-structured risk management plan is crucial for
the project's success. The application of PMI's risk management methodology
significantly contributed to identifying and mitigating risks, ensuring that the
project meets its quality, time, and cost objectives. Continuous updating of the risk
plan and training of the project team are recommended to maintain the effectiveness
of the risk management plan.Tesi
Evaluación y comparación del desempeño sísmico del proyecto residencial los Tulipanes utilizando disipadores Shear Link Bozzo respecto a reforzamiento con muros de corte - Trujillo
No full textEsta tesis se ha ejecutada con el fin de comparar el uso de muros estructurales de
concreto, que es el que contempla la norma peruana E0.30: Diseño
Sismorresistente, con respecto a los disipadores sísmico Shear Link Bozzo,
contemplados en la norma internacional ASCE 7-16. Se tomó la estructura con
muros estructurales, como la estructura original debido a la cantidad de pisos, por
lo que sin lugar a duda era necesario reforzar. Se efectuó un AENL por el método
de espectro de capacidad, en ambos sistemas, con el fin de identificar curvas de
capacidad y sus puntos de desempeño. El contraste de estas posibilita corroborar
las indudables diferencias entre ambos sistemas, advirtiendo la magnitud en la que
se logra acentuar la resistencia debido a las derivas. De la norma E0.30: Diseño
Sismorresistente, se obtienen los criterios necesarios para precisar el espectro de
diseño y poder realizar los análisis lineales básicos para el diseño de la estructura
que nos funcionarían para concretar el análisis estático no lineal y con esto
identificar y señalar los puntos de desempeño de las estructuras, esto representa
el máximo desplazamiento al que las estructuras están sometidas si se diera lugar
el sismo del diseño, razón por la cual estas se contrastan, junto con la capacidad
estructural. El análisis no lineal, Pushover, demandó obtener la distribución de
fuerzas laterales, calculadas con ayuda del programa Etabs y Excel, y permite
evidenciar la secuencia en la que se forman las rótulas plásticas en las vigas y
columnas según intensifica la cortante basal, por lo cual se concretó un cotejo del
estado estructural en el punto de desempeño, dándonos un parámetro del que nos
logramos orientar para dictaminar cual reforzamiento es apropiado. Nuestros
resultados finales son la comparativa del nivel de desempeño, derivas inelásticas y
cortantes basales para cada sistema de reforzamiento estructuralThis thesis has been executed in order to compare the use of structural concrete
walls, which is the one contemplated by the Peruvian standard E0.30: Seismicresistant Design, with respect to the Shear Link Bozzo seismic dissipators,
contemplated in the international standard ASCE 7 -16. The structure with structural
walls was taken as the original structure due to the number of floors, so without a
doubt it was necessary to reinforce. A non-linear static analysis was carried out by
the capacity spectrum method, in both systems, in order to identify their capacity
curves and their performance points. The contrast of the capacity curves makes it
possible to corroborate the undoubted differences between both systems, noting the
magnitude in which resistance due to drifts is accentuated. From the E0.30
standard: Earthquake Resistant Design, the necessary criteria are obtained to
specify the design spectrum and to be able to carry out the basic linear analyzes for
the design of the structure that would work for us to specify the non-linear static
analysis and with this identify and indicate the performance points of the structures,
this represents the maximum displacement to which the structures are subjected if
the design earthquake were to occur, which is why these are contrasted, together
with the structural capacity. The nonlinear analysis, Pushover, demanded to obtain
the distribution of lateral forces, calculated with the help of the Etabs and Excel
program, and allows to demonstrate the sequence in which the plastic hinges are
formed in the beams and columns as the basal shear intensifies, therefore which
made a comparison of the structural state at the performance point, giving us a
parameter from which we could guide ourselves to determine which reinforcement
is appropriate. Our final results are the comparison of the performance level,
inelastic drifts and basal shear for each structural reinforcement systemTesi
Short cuts to safety: risk and 'rules of thumb' in accounts of food choice
No full textA number of 'food scares' over the past decade in Europe have generated considerable debate about public understandings of food risk, and the extent to which such understandings impact on decision making. This paper reports on a focus group study of how UK consumers discuss choosing safe food. Strategies for making food choices were, in general, characterised by confidence rather than anxiety. Although concerned in an abstract way with the safety of food and how it was monitored, 'risk' and 'safety' were rarely the primary discursive framework used for justifying food choices. Other discourses, such as health, naturalness, economy and convenience, competed with, overlapped with or were legitimated by that of 'risk'. However, everyday decision making was presented as a routine endeavour, aided by a number of 'short cuts' or rules of thumb for establishing food choices as routine and unremarkable. These short cuts divided safe from risky categories of food, but also divided preferred from despised foodstuffs in relation to other food discourses. Rules of thumb provided useful rhetorical devices for routinising accounts of food choice. In practice, however, rules of thumb are reported as being utilised in complex and contingent ways. They thus provide a sophisticated bulwark against the uncertainties of food risks when events (such as the media concern over BSE) threaten everyday trust in routine decisions
A compilation of energy costs of physical activities.
No full textOBJECTIVES: There were two objectives: first, to review the existing data on energy costs of specified activities in the light of the recommendations made by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation of 1985. Second, to compile existing data on the energy costs of physical activities for an updated annexure of the current Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements. DESIGN: Electronic and manual search of the literature (predominantly English) to obtain published data on the energy costs of physical activities. The majority of the data prior to 1955 were obtained using an earlier compilation of Passmore and Durnin. Energy costs were expressed as physical activity ratio (PAR); the energy cost of the activity divided by either the measured or predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR). RESULTS: The compilation provides PARs for an expanded range of activities that include general personal activities, transport, domestic chores, occupational activities, sports and other recreational activities for men and women, separately, where available. The present compilation is largely in agreement with the 1985 compilation, for activities that are common to both compilations. CONCLUSIONS: The present compilation has been based on the need to provide data on adults for a wide spectrum of human activity. There are, however, lacunae in the available data for many activities, between genders, across age groups and in various physiological states
Public understanding of food risks in four European countries: a qualitative study
No full textBackground: In the wake of the ` bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE) crisis' there was renewed interest in how those responsible for public health could take account of public views, both to ` democratize' policy making and to increase the likelihood of information about health risks resonating with public concerns. This study explored how members of the public in four European countries ( Finland, Germany, Italy and the UK) understood food risks in general, and risks arising from BSE in particular. The aims were to identify the sources of knowledge used and trusted by the public and to explore how public views could be accessed for public health information policy.
Methods: Thirty- six focus group interviews were held using a common protocol across the four countries, including people from four lifecycle stages.
Results: The study demonstrated the utility of using focus groups as a relatively efficient method for accessing public views, and the feasibility of cross- national qualitative research on public views. We found that public views of food risks are neither irrational nor naive, but that they do need to be interpreted in the context of everyday food purchasing decisions, in which particular food risks are unlikely to have the same salience as they do for experts.
Conclusions: Focus groups are a feasible method for accessing public knowledge on public health risks to inform information strategies
WHO guidelines for severe malnutrition: are they feasible in rural African hospitals?
No full textAIMS: To assess the feasibility of implementing and sustaining the WHO guidelines for inpatient management of severe malnutrition in under-resourced rural South African hospitals, and to identify any constraints. INTERVENTION: Three 2-day training workshops were held in 1998, followed by monthly 1-day visits for 5 months, ending in March 1999, in two rural district hospitals with limited resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. METHODS: A 12-month observational study was conducted from April 2000 to April 2001 in Mary Theresa and Sipetu hospitals (Eastern Cape Province, South Africa), including 1011 child-hours of observation on the wards, medical record reviews, interviews with carers and staff, and inventories of essential supplies. All admissions (n = 193) for severe malnutrition to the two hospitals were studied. The main outcomes were the extent to which the 10 steps for routine care of severely malnourished children were implemented, proficiency of performance and constraining factors. RESULTS: The hospitals made the changes required in clinical and dietary management, but the tasks were not always performed fully or with sufficient care. Play and stimulation and an effective system of follow-up were not implemented. Doctors' poor knowledge, nurses' inattentiveness and insufficient interaction with carers were constraints to optimal management. The underlying factors were inadequate undergraduate training, understaffing, high doctor turnover and low morale. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines for severe malnutrition are largely feasible but training workshops are insufficient to achieve optimal management as staff turnover and an unsupportive health system erode the gains made and doctors treat cases without having being trained. Medical and nursing curricula in Africa must include treatment of severe malnutrition
Food safety and consumers: Constructions of choice and risk
No full textThis paper argues that food safety did not arise as a "new" obsession at the end of the twentieth century, but has been an intermittent object of public and policy concern over the last two hundred years in the UK. However, the nature of food policy has shifted over that period, from an orientation towards protecting a larger ignorant public from fraud, through controlling the risks potentials arising from negligence in food-handling, to informing rational consumers to enable them to "choose" the right foods. Most recently, the public have had a nominally more active role in food policy, as citizens consulted on the content of the policy agenda. Drawing on histories of food policy in the UK and social science research on consumers, this paper explores the links between the changing risks and publics addressed by British food policy
