17 research outputs found
Language Contact and Language Change on Orchid Island
No full text[[abstract]]The thesis aims to discuss language contact and examine language changes in the Yami language.
As a result of the shift of governing power, the Yami speech community was forced to come into contact with Japanese and Mandarin respectively. During the Japanese colonization period, Yami and Japanese were in complementary distribution. However, due to the limited Yami-Janpanese bilingualism, the speech community could only be regarded as diglossia without bilingualism. From 1945 to the late 1960s, as Yami came into contact with Mandarin, these two languages were highly domain-specific for different social functions. Meanwhile, with the quick development of Yami-Mandarin bilingualism, the speech community had developed into diglossia with bilingualism. Since the 1970s, as the locals have had more access to Mandarin, Yami-Mandarin bilingualism had been broadly established within the speech community, but Yami and Mandarin had not been as highly domain-specific as that in the past, which had turned the speech community into bilingualism without diglossia.
As the thesis discusses language changes in Yami, the author focuses on the Japanese loanwords in Yami, phonetic variations between different social groups, and language use patterns. The results are as follows: firstly, the influx of Japanese loanwords concerning time and modern innovations has not only expanded the lexicon of Yami but also signified the development of time sense and material life in the Yami speech community. Secondly, phonetic variations have been observed among different social dialects classified by age, gender, and social network factors. The results indicate that participants of the younger age and the weaker social network groups have higher percentage of phonetic variations, which also manifest the phonetic unstability in the Yami language. Finally, as the language use patterns show, older generations and those with stronger social network ties use Yami more frequently than other groups. Besides, when speaking to someone of the same age or older, the Yami people are accustomed to using Yami. When talking to younger generations, the Yami people tend to speak Mandarin instead. It is worth noting that fifty percent of the middle-aged parents use Mandarin exclusively to communicate with their children at home, which would probably result in a rapid language shift from Yami to Mandarin within the speech community in the next few decades.
ORCHID ISLAND,YAMI,WHERE TO GO ？
No full text[[abstract]]本畫輯題為《蘭嶼•雅美•何處去》繪畫創作與研究，看似將創作
，研究兩個主題並列相同地位；然而，於順序上是由1982年開始的一連
串收集和速寫資料以及田野調查，有感而發的繪畫創作；包含有油彩、
版畫、水彩等各類素材的嚐試摸索，最後將作品的心得感想和研究報告
編輯而成的一本畫集。
蘭嶼是民國三十九年臺東地方政府，因日據時代的『紅頭嶼』地名
粗俗而改名，以當地特產蝴蝶蘭而改稱為『蘭嶼』（陳國鈞，1955），
島上二千多的雅美族人長久受日本佔據的刻意保留，過著漁撈農耕的傳
統生活，光復後在民國五十六年開放觀光，一時廣受國內外的媒體競相
報導之下，湧入不計其數的遊客，在無知的干擾及民族優越感的言談舉
止中，使得雅美族人對自己的土地和傳統產生疑惑，而迫不及待的接受
異文化文明的衝擊和洗禮，年輕人不再留戀蘭嶼，而嚮往臺灣物質文明
，不再穿著傳統服飾而學習平地人的生活方式；傳統與現代的矛盾，讓
雅美族人不知何去何從迷失方向。因此作者在進行文化與藝術脈絡變遷
之調查時，乃擇取人文的關懷及對環境省思的角度下切入主題，作為繪
畫創作的焦點，透過自己在藝術形式的探索嚐試時，將主題內涵訴諸於
形式中，與觀賞者共同關心這塊土地。在作品及報告中，尚有許多有待
解決及反省之處，敬請先進師長指導見諒。
本畫輯分二部份，第一部份是油彩及版畫作品集，從1986∼1994年
之間，抽出36張作品發表（包括油彩25幅、版畫11幅）。第二部份是研
究報告，共分八個章節；由第一章，創作動機，淺談個人以此題為繪畫
創作的起因。第二章，創作理念，是敘述自己作品內涵上的表達意向。
第三章，創作依據，旨在探討自己創作時受到各派前輩大師的影響和刺
激，進而汲取營養，以求突破。第四章，創作形式，則就作品的顯在層
面來分析，題材、造型及色彩上的表現。第五章，創作內容，則概說蘭
嶼現況與當地風土民情。第六章，作品說明，是從十件作品中談談創作
時的內涵意義和形式分析。第七章，創作省思與展望，則是檢討自己現
在的作品及研擬未來發展的方向。第八章，結語，將做最後的感想及總
結。
全部資料及過程於民國七十二年至八十三年進行，曾有多幅作品發
表於各項展覽畫集上。從田野調查工作、繪畫創作及報告撰寫期間，承
蒙陳銀輝教授（創作指導教授），李焜培教授（論文指導教授）的細心
指導；還有諸位師長和朋友們的鼓勵及協助，方得順利完成。並感謝雅
美族的父老兄弟姊妹，熱情親切的提供資料。尤其感謝這些年來爸媽兄
嫂的鼓勵和陪我學習成長並協助我完稿的妻子若蘭以及兒子培元、培升
的充分配合；現僅以本畫輯的付梓，獻給我摯愛的家人和雅美族父老；
並衷心期盼蘭嶼雅美族的原住民文化和藝術永遠長存。
textil trainer. the free digital lerning platform: ADD International Textile Conference
No full textPresentation of the free online platform textil trainer at the ADD International Textile Conference from 21 to 22 November 2024 in Stuttgart.
The textil trainer is the digital learning standard in basic textile theory training in the federal state of Saxony: in textile companies, in training centres for textile professions
and at institutions of higher education with a textile focus
textil trainer. the free digital lerning platform: ADD International Textile Conference
No full textPresentation of the free online platform textil trainer at the ADD International Textile Conference from 21 to 22 November 2024 in Stuttgart.
The textil trainer is the digital learning standard in basic textile theory training in the federal state of Saxony: in textile companies, in training centres for textile professions
and at institutions of higher education with a textile focus
textil trainer. the free digital lerning platform: ADD International Textile Conference
No full textPresentation of the free online platform textil trainer at the ADD International Textile Conference from 21 to 22 November 2024 in Stuttgart.
The textil trainer is the digital learning standard in basic textile theory training in the federal state of Saxony: in textile companies, in training centres for textile professions
and at institutions of higher education with a textile focus
Fairness Guarantees in Allocation Problems
No full textFair division problems have been vastly studied in the past 60 years. This line of research was initiated by the work of Steinhaus in 1948 in which the author introduced the cake cutting problem as follows: given a heterogeneous cake and a set of agents with different valuation functions, the goal is to find a fair allocation of the cake to the agents. In order to study this problem, several notions of fairness are proposed, the most famous of which are proportionality and envy-freeness, introduced by Steinhaus in 1948 and Foley in 1967. The fair allocation problems have been studied in both divisible and indivisible settings.
For the divisible setting, we explore the "Chore Division Problem". The chore division problem is the problem of fairly dividing an object deemed undesirable among a number of agents. The object is possibly heterogeneous, and hence agents may have different valuations for different parts of the object. Chore division is the dual problem of the celebrated cake cutting problem. We give the first discrete and bounded envy-free chore division protocol for any number of agents.
For the indivisible setting, we use the maximin share paradigm introduced by Budish as a measure of fairness. We improve previous results on this measure of fairness in the additive setting and generalize our results for submodular, fractionally subadditive, as well as subadditive settings. We also model the maxmin share fairness paradigm for indivisible goods with different entitlements.
For the indivisible setting, we also consider the most studied notion of fairness, envy-freeness. It is known that envy-freeness cannot be always guaranteed in the allocation of indivisible items. We suggest envy-freeness up to a random item (EFR) property which is a relaxation of envy-freeness up to any item (EFX) and give an approximation guarantee. For this notion, we provide a polynomial-time 0.72-approximation allocation algorithm
El Mi'yar de al-Wanšarisi (m. 914/1508). II: contenido
No full textEste artículo es la segunda parte de un estudio sobre la gran recopilación de fetuas andalusíes y norteafricanas de al-Wanšarisi (m. 914/1508): al-Mi`yar al-mu`rib wa-l-yami al-mugrib `an fatawà `ulama' Ifriqiya wa-l-Andalus wa-l-Magrib. En esta segunda parte se estudia el contenido de la obra: objetivo, temática, estructura, metodología de aprovechamiento y explotación, resumen del contenido de cada volumen, muftíes, labor del autor en la obra, resúmenes, influencia posterior y valoración general.This paper is the second part of a study about the great collection of legal response (fatwàs) issued in al-Andalus and North Africa of al-WanšarIsI (m. 914/1508): al-Mi`yar al-mu`rib wa-l- yami` al-mugrib `an fatawà `ulama' Ifriqiya wa-l-Andalus wal-Magrib. The present article focuses on the aspects of the contents: objective of the work, subjects, structure, methodology for the use and exploitation, résumé of the contents for each volumen, the muftis, labour of the author, summaries of the work, posterior influence and general valuation
El Miʾyār de al-Wanšarīsī (m. 914/1508). II:Contenido
No full textThis paper is the second part of a study about the great collection of legal response (fatwàs) issued in al-Andalus and North Africa of al-WanšarIsI (m. 914/1508): al-Mi`yar al-mu`rib wa-l- yami` al-mugrib `an fatawà `ulama' Ifriqiya wa-l-Andalus wal-Magrib. The present article focuses on the aspects of the contents: objective of the work, subjects, structure, methodology for the use and exploitation, résumé of the contents for each volumen, the muftis, labour of the author, summaries of the work, posterior influence and general valuation.Este artículo es la segunda parte de un estudio sobre la gran recopilación de fetuas andalusíes y norteafricanas de al-Wanšarisi (m. 914/1508): al-Mi`yar al-mu`rib wa-l-yami al-mugrib `an fatawà `ulama' Ifriqiya wa-l-Andalus wa-l-Magrib. En esta segunda parte se estudia el contenido de la obra: objetivo, temática, estructura, metodología de aprovechamiento y explotación, resumen del contenido de cada volumen, muftíes, labor del autor en la obra, resúmenes, influencia posterior y valoración general
Lessons from Small-Scale Fish Farming in South West and West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A Review
No full textFor the past 13 years, the National Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Center (NFALRC) have intervened with small-scale fish farming trials in South West and West Shewa zones of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Opportunities and challenges of the trial, farmers’ awareness, and attitude towards small-scale fish farming and its economics have already been studied and documented. However, the studies were not comprehensively reviewed, synthesized, and presented to inform further intervention. This paper is meant to fill this gap. Desk review of those studies and others supported by prior experience of the author to intervention areas is the core approach followed. As a result, seven key lessons were learned: the need for redefining core challenges of small-scale fish farming, gender inclusion in small-scale fish farming, need for a revision of public sector-led formal extension service delivery linked to the change in the conventional extension approach followed by NFALRC, emphasis on awareness creation on fish farming, the importance of participatory approaches and the need for repeating research trials in the economics of small-scale fish farming. Among these, awareness creation, the use of participatory approaches, and changes in conventional extension service delivery by NFALRC should be given priority
A framework for understanding culture and its relationship to information behaviour: Taiwanese aborigines' information behaviour
No full textIntroduction. This article proposes a model of culture and its relationship to information behaviour based on two empirical studies of Taiwanese aborigines' information behaviour. Method. The research approach is ethnographic and the material was collected through observations, conversations, questionnaires, interviews and relevant documents. In 2003-2004, the author lived with two Taiwan aboriginal tribes, the Yami tribe and the Tsau tribe and conducted forty-two theme-based interviews. Analysis. Data were analysed with the help of software for qualitative analysis (NVivo), where all sentences from both interviews and field notes were coded. The conceptual framework used is the sociology of knowledge. Results. The model of culture and its relationship to information behaviour can show us how to think about the relationship between culture and human information behaviour. This model also identifies elements of the model, which are habitus, tradition and prejudice and suggests how we can apply the concepts of information fullness and emptiness to view the relationship between culture and human information behaviour. Conclusions. Theoretically, this research puts forward a new model of information behaviour and focuses on the role and the importance of culture when thinking about and studying human information behaviour. Methodologically, this study demonstrates how an ethnographic research method can contribute to exploring the influence that culture has on human life and the details of the human life world and information behaviour
