1,721,065 research outputs found
NON-OBSERVED ECONOMY AND PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN EU COUNTRIES
No full textThe authors propose a new modeling frame which allows to analyze different aspects of government interventions in terms of their impact on the Shadow Economy (SE) in EU countries, using an approach based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modeling (PM). In addition, policy implications are observed referring to tax evasion on which growing empirical literature insisted in recent years. In this way, such kinds of models may become more relevant for analyzing SE dynamics in economics as well as for some policy implication
Behind the GDP: some remarks on the shadow economy in Mediterranean countries
No full textIt is common knowledge that in the past decades the focus on the shadow economy (SE) has increased and the range in the estimated size of this phenomenon is very divergent. The comprehensive coverage of economic production is important in order to ensure good quality of national accounts and exhaustive estimates of the gross domestic product. The purpose of this paper is to approach the SE by means of the latent variable method and the structural equation model-partial least squares and to explore similar behaviors in terms of the obtained results, by analyzing the subsamples of the countries under observation. Political measures need to be implemented carefully to counter the effects of the SE and policy-makers should have to adopt economic policy practices to drive the SE into the formal economy, particularly in less-developed countrie
An Overview about the Economic Condition of Italian Regions: Is there an Economic Trap?
No full textIn this work some reflections on the economic condition of Italian Regions and on their differentials are proposed. In particular, these differentials are analyzed through some economic indicators with the aim to identify the connected causes and to verify if a poverty trap is conceivable
A comparative analysis in the EU shadow economy using a DEA model
No full textThe idea of this study is to employ the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the relative efficiency of 32 European countries in order to compare their performances while dealing with the shadow economy (SE). To statistically validate the model, the DEA refers to the results obtained by performing a structural equation model (SEM) partial least squares (PLS) approach. The authors adopt an input-minimisation orientation based on the assumption that, during the considered period, the policy interventions are able to focus strategically on the dimensions used to estimate the SEM-PLS model. The non-parametric frontier can be used to interpret the taxation and regulation differentials in the countries considered and the results can be interpreted in terms of encouraging the interventions when referring to the indicators proposed in the model
Un approccio analitico alla qualità dei dati del “Programme for international Student Assessment” dell’OECD
No full textThe “Programme for international Student Assessment” (PISA) survey, carried out by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) three-yearly, is a rigorous and wide international comparative work on fifteen year-old students’ school performance. The survey makes use of very advanced methodologies and allows both to evaluate the students’ performance and to gather data about their families and their socio-economic context which, together with several institutional factors, may influence the results of the educational process. This work aims at drawing attention to the great informative importance of PISA’s data through some characteristic aspects based on the quality of the statistical information obtained. The attention has been particularly focused on the presence of missing data and on their impact on the general economy of the survey. Besides the authors, analysing the Italian side of PISA 2003, try to find out possible latent dynamics which characterize the missing answer, in order to outline the possible strategies to improve the overall quality of the survey to the highest degree
Examining a multi-dimensional undeclared work via the REBUS-PLS
No full textPurpose - This article intends to investigate on the undeclared work (UW) by involving several features, which can be evaluated throughout a set of appropriate variables. The REBUS-PLS (Response Based procedure for detecting Unit Segments - Partial Least Squares)has been proposed in order to support policy decisions targeted to this heterogeneous scenario. The authors refer to Italy, due to the disparity of its territorial districts, but the conclusions can be extended to different European countries.
Design/methodology/approach – A total of 2,877,000 firms has been involved for empirical analysis. The manifest variables have been obtained by fixing both NACE codes and the NUTS2 level.
Findings - The analysis confirms that the model is suitable to evaluate the effects of the indicators connected to “Labour force”, “Tax system”, “Non Profit Organizations”, and “Migrants”. Special prominence has been dedicated to the labour inspections’ features.
Research limitations/implications - If the management designs the policy actions by using the model proposed, a critical evaluation of the implications is needed, by focusing different perspectives and several weaknesses.
Practical implications - Assuming that the Italian regions are relatively homogeneous, results reveal no significant correlations to the UW, except for the taxes. In contrast, the involvement of the heterogeneity shows that the UW significantly depens on the changes of Labour force, Tax system and NPOs dimensions, in 11 out of 18 Italian regions. No clear evidence emerges from Migrants feature, which seems to have a negatively impact on the UW.
Originally/value - To the authors’ knowledge, compared to the previous research papers, the analysis of the UW via REBUS-PLS and the mentioned manifest variables, has never been undertaken so far
The shadow economy as a higher order construct inside European governance
No full textSeveral dimensions of public governance occur while approaching the Shadow Economy (SE) phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to study the SE by means of the European governance analysis by highlighting the main features of implications of the policy options. A statistical significance on the nexus between public governance and the SE appears with respect to the indicators taken into consideration except for the dimensions related to the tax system, which appear to be moderate in magnitude in terms of their effects
Inter-Country Comaprison of IMF Experts’reports on Economic data Quality
No full textThe IMF, by drawing up a form of dissemination of data in the Report on Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs) supplied a valid form of help for the identification of the profiles of quality of the statistics disseminated by the countries. The aim of this study is to propose the "quality curves" as a graphic summary of the assessment of quality standards made for some countries by a group of experts from the IMF Statistics Department and included in the Summary Presentation of the Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF). These are based on the procedure of Multiple correspondence analysis. From the distribution of points (macroeconomic datasets of statistical findings and elements) on the plane of the first two factors, graphs are formed with known functions, whoe shape characterises the overall quality of the statistics production system while the observation of the cloud of points allows similarities and dissimilarities between the macroeconomics dataset of statistics and elements points to be identified
MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKETS
No full textIn the last decades, European countries were invested by huge flows of immigrants, attracted by the economic prosperity and the free circulation of people and goods, which stimulated also consistent movements of EU citizens within EU. The aim of this paper is to analyze the levels of inequalities and the conditions of immigrants and native born in the European labour markets after the global economic crisis. Through some multivariate statistical techniques, we compare 31 European countries (28-EU countries more 3 EFTA countries, i.e. Norway, Iceland and Switzerland) in relation to various labour market indicators observed in 2014. Data come from the Labour Force Survey. In 2014, the ad hoc module was devoted to the situation of migrants. The main results are also compared with that corresponding for 2008. Results highlight different levels of vulnerabilities and inequalities between immigrants and local population but also across European countries
The shadow economy beyond European public governance
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to try to analyze the Shadow Economy (SE) and its determinants by means of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) - Partial Least Squares (PLS). The overall topic of the SEM-PLS approach is controversially debated in literature. In the past decades, the focus on the SE has increased and the range in the estimated size of this phenomenon is very divergent. By examining the effects of a set of indicators, economic theory often emphasizes the need for lower taxes and less regulation, but many other factors such as administrative quality are frequently neglected. Policy implications are discussed. Estimates for the SE as a percentage of the GDP can be calculated and European countries are accorded to the obtained result
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