1,721,001 research outputs found
Success Stems from STEM Fields: An Analysis of Italian Graduates
No full textThe school-to-work transition in Italy is very long. In this paper, we measure the
differences in the school-to-work duration for Italian graduates in the STEM and non STEM fields using data from the ISTAT Professional integration of Graduates survey.
We used different parametric and non-parametric approaches based on survival anal ysis. In particular, through competitive risk analysis, we control even the possibility
that the job search ends with a transition to the status of inactivity, still very frequent
among Italian people, especially women. Further, we compare STWT durations con ditioned to several relevant characteristics. We find that the STWT has an average
duration of 14 months for those who graduated in health sciences, 24 for other scien tific fields, and more than two years for those graduating in a humanities field. Other
significant differences arise when we account for gender, especially when we consider
an exit from the STWT for inactivity, for region of residence, family background, and
even for active participation in university activities. Further, the analysis highlights
the existence of a dual labor market, with shorter transitions to stable and satisfactory
jobs and longer transitions for jobs with opposite characteristics. The findings open
up many policy implications. Actions that could help in reducing the duration of the
STWT are: stimulating more young people, in particular women, to choose STEM
disciplines; reducing the Italian territorial divide, reinforcing universities in the South
and their connections with the productive system, incentivizing students to actively
participate in courses, and other activities
Una riflessione sulla durata della transizione scuola-lavoro in Italia
No full textIn this paper, the authors provide a new measure of the duration of the School-to-Work-Transition (STWT) using retrospective information from EU-SILC data. The authors calculate the duration of STWT for Italian young people before (2006), during (2011) and after (2017) the economic crisis and compare the results obtained for 2017 with the corresponding results relative to Austria, Poland and the United Kingdom. This comparison shows an astonishingly slow duration of Italian STWT. The mean duration of STWT in Italy was 2.35 years (28 months) while in the other countries it was less than 1 year (11 months in Poland, 5.4 months in Austria and 4 months in the UK). Moreover, while in Italy the STWT of tertiary graduates lasts about 11 months, in the other countries it lasts less than 4 months. Further, the analysis of the Italian duration by gender and region of residence highlights a strong penalty for women and for young people living in the Southern regions. The results of this study suggest the need to reform the Italian education system, in particular the vocational educational path, introducing elements of the dual system including apprenticeship, improving the traineeship and professional training, and increase spending in pro-active employment policy programmes
The duration of the school-to-work transition in Italy and in other European countries: a flexible baseline hazard interpretation
Full text linkPurpose: The Italian school-to-work transition (STWT) is astonishingly slow and long in comparison to the other EU countries. We analyze its determinants comparing the Italian case with Austria, Poland and the UK. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on a Cox survival model with proportional hazard. The smoothed hazard estimates allow us to identify the nonlinear path of the hazard function. Findings: The authors reckon that the actual length of the transition to a stable job is around 30 months in Italy. Conversely, it is less than one year in the other countries. Women are particularly penalized, despite being on average more educated than men. Tertiary or vocational education at high secondary school strongly increases the hazard rate to a regular job. The smoothed hazard estimates suggest positive duration dependence at the beginning of the transition and slightly negative thereafter. Practical implications: Stimulating economic growth and investing in education and training are important pre-conditions for shortening the transition. Originality/value: Despite the duration of the STWT is one of the most important indicators to measure the efficiency of the STWT, it is not easy to measure. The authors build on their previous research work on this topic, but relaxing the assumption of a monotonic hazard rate and using the flexible baseline hazard approach to test for the existence of nonlinear duration dependence. Furthermore, they extend the analysis by including student-workers who attended a vocational path of education, in order to detect its effectiveness in allowing young people finding a job sooner
Dagli studi alla vita attiva: il caso dei laureati di Economia dell’Università di Napoli “Parthenope
No full textRedefining Work: Assessing Job Quality in EU Countries
No full textDespite the rising employment rates of recent years, the quality of jobs has not improved and, in some cases, even declined in most countries, attracting considerable attention from both academic researchers and international institutions. The erosion of job quality has broader socio-economic repercussions, including reduced social mobility, declining trust in institutions, and the rise of populist political sentiments (Standing, 2014). This complex interplay of economic, institutional, and social factors demonstrates that employment rates alone are
insufficient indicators of labor market quality. Comprehensive understanding instead requires examining job quality, security, and remuneration, alongside their impacts on workers’ well-being and social cohesion.
Addressing these challenges needs robust policy interventions aimed at strengthening labor protections, promoting fair wages, and ensuring inclusive access to social security systems. The study of job quality is not easy, as it is a multidimensional concept encompassing various aspects, such as fair remuneration, safety, security, adequate work–life balance, and subjective satisfaction. Given the numerous and heterogeneous factors contributing to the notion of job quality — particularly in cross-country comparisons — its assessment is challenging. For this reason, this paper applies the composite indicator methodology.
In this study, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to synthesize individual indicators into the pillars, while the aggregation of these pillars into a single composite indicator follows different methods for
robustness and sensitivity analyses needs (arithmetic and geometric mean, the Wroclaw taxonomic approach, the Borda’s rule, and the Condorcet’s majority rule, adapted, these latter two, from game theory). The procedure follows the steps suggested in the OECD Handbook (OECD, 2008) and subsequently refined by
Paruolo et al. (2013)
The NEETs in Italy: A focus on those who are economically inactive
No full textIn this paper, we focus the attention on the NEETs who are not searching a job (inactive), trying to sketch their profile. In many cases they are potential workers which have not been seeking
a job. Discouragement, inability or need to looking after family/home are the most frequent causes and need different policy interventions
Going Behind the High Rates of NEETs in Italy and Spain: The Role of Early School Leavers
No full textThis paper aims to analyse the determinants of the dynamics of those not in employment, education, or training (NEET)
during 2007–2017, focusing primarily on the role played by early school leavers (ESLs). The analysis covers Italy and
Spain, because they show the highest levels of NEETs and ESLs in the EU, respectively. The dynamics and causes of
NEET status in these two countries are revealed to be similar only in appearance. After the analysis of the theoretical
framework for the relationship between NEETs and ESLs, we investigate the NEET composition in terms of inactive
and unemployed individuals, and empirically study the relationship between ESLs and NEETs both in terms of the
interdependence and dependence of NEETs and ESLs. Furthermore, we study the contemporaneous relationship
between NEET and ESL rates in Italy and Spain in terms of correlation. Finally, to understand how ESL status can lead
to NEET status, we investigate the dynamic relationship between NEET and ESL rates based on simple regression
models of NEET rates on lagged rates of ESLs, as well as on a time-varying correlation model. Results reveal, among
other things, that Italy shows a greater ESL influence on NEET rates, especially for men. The main conclusion concerns
the need to invest more in education and to adopt measures able to keep more young people in education for a
prolonged period. Therefore, particularly in Italy, policymakers pay more attention on the education system, including
aspects linked to the labour market
Determinants and wage effects of overeducation in Italy
No full textThis paper aims to study dimentions of educational mismatch and
quantify its effects on wages. Using the Inapp-PLUS survey, we measure
both overeducation/skilling and undereducation/skilling in Italy,
providing five different measures of the educational mismatch: three
of subjective type and two of objective type. They are also synthesized
in a single indicator, able to give a measure of the degree of severity
of overeducation. These measures are provided both for university
graduates and for upper secondary school graduates. Results highlight
that the condition of overeducation is typical of males, younger
workers, people coming from lower-income families, informal channels
of recruitment and with a humanistic educational background
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